Apr-10 Copyright SELEX Communications. All rights reserved.

Standard by ETSI for

Digital Mobile Radio
Systems
Apr-10 Copyright SELEX Communications. All rights reserved.
Table of contents
What is TETRA?
Functionality and characteristics
TETRA technology basics
Technology comparison
Some scenarios and applications
User specific considerations
The future of TETRA
Apr-10 Copyright SELEX Communications. All rights reserved.
What is TETRA ?
Apr-10 Copyright SELEX Communications. All rights reserved.
TETRA in short
>TETRA means TErrestrial Trunked RAdio
>It is a standard specified by the ETSI during the 90s in response to
the need of a common digital trunked standard for professional
mobile radio (PMR)
>TETRA has been specified by ETSI together with users and it is
defined to meet the needs of the most demanding users
>TETRA is an open standard
Apr-10 Copyright SELEX Communications. All rights reserved.
The leading technology
>TETRA is a consolidated standard and has been fully accepted by
the Administrations of all European countries and in many other
countries in the rest of the world.
>ETSI is currently working on TETRA release 2, that will further
enhance the services of TETRA and will maintain the standard
future-proof.
Apr-10 Copyright SELEX Communications. All rights reserved.
What
ETSI - (1/2)
(European Telecommunications Standards Institute)
> Produce the
telecommunication
standards of the future
> Promote the world-wide
standardization process
whenever possible
> Non-profit making organization
> It unites approximately 800
members from 56 countries
inside and outside Europe
> It represents:
Administrations,
Network operators
Users
Manufacturers
Service providers
Research bodies
Who
Apr-10 Copyright SELEX Communications. All rights reserved.
How Results
ETSI - (2/2)
(European Telecommunications Standards Institute)
> Deep analysis of customer
requirements
> Exploitation of its long
experience and of the rich
set of skills of the members
> Coordination with most
important international
standardization bodies
(mainly the ITU-T and the
ITU-R)
Some references:
GSM, DECT, TETRA,
UMTS,...
Apr-10 Copyright SELEX Communications. All rights reserved.
All TETRA stakeholders:
users
manufacturers (the entire European PMR
industry, exclusive of EADS)
operators
test houses
telecom agencies
TETRA MoU - (1/2)
The TETRA Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was established in
December 1994. Today it represents 100 organisations from 30 100 organisations from 30
countries. countries.
Who
Apr-10 Copyright SELEX Communications. All rights reserved.
Act on behalf of all interested parties
in order to support TETRA
adoption and evolution
Promote TETRA events and exhibitions
collect users feedback
support interoperability testing (IOP)
TETRA is the world-wide consolidated standard for PMR
A large number of the deployed systems are multi-vendor
solutions. TETRA actually is a real open standard.
TETRA MoU - (2/2)
What
Results
How
Apr-10 Copyright SELEX Communications. All rights reserved.
Interoperability certification
>The Interoperability Certificate (IOP) assures that various
manufacturers terminals can indistinctly operate on any TETRA
network.
>Tests are supervised from an independent accredited test house:
initially was Teledanmark (Danish operator) now ISCTI (Italian
Telecommunications Public Institute)
>All functionality tested and approved are summarized in public
tables
http://www.tetramou.com/facts/index.asp?pagereq=interoperability/interoperability.asp&setsub=2
Apr-10 Copyright SELEX Communications. All rights reserved.
SCHENGEN position
> >SCHENGEN Police Telecom Group SCHENGEN Police Telecom Group (now replaced by Police
Co-operation Working Group - PCWG) adopted TETRA for
pan-European police communications.
> >ETSI ETSI confirmed that TETRA standard is compliant and
supports the SCHENGEN operational and security
requirements.
> >CEPT/ERC CEPT/ERC designated a 5 MHz spectrum in the frequency
band 380400 MHz, for Police Forces usage of TETRA across
Europe.
Apr-10 Copyright SELEX Communications. All rights reserved.
TETRA references (December 2005 - source TETRA MoU)
>Total 788 contracts in 77 countries
Functionalities and
Characteristics
What are the PMR user needs?
Trust on fast and reliable communications
especially under critical conditions or
under emergency
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Tools and applications
suited to speed up and
im
prove professional
tasks
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Users that take advantage of these technologies are spread over
many sectors of both public services and private companies, that
eed mobile communications to support their workforce
Air
Interface
Encryption
End-to-End
Encryption
Duplex
Voice
Full
DMO
Priority
Individual
Emergency
Group
Status
Messaging
SDS
Packet
Mode
Circuit
Mode
bile
ephony
Mobile
Security
Mobile Mobile
TETRA unique feature set
Main features (1/2)
>Real open standard in digital mobile radio tailored for
professional users
>Unlimited support to point-to multipoint (group) voice and data
communications, with an extensive set of enhanced ancillary
services
>Focus on communications between radio terminals and control
room/dispatcher operators
>Direct mode of operation (DMO) in order to allow
communications also in fringe or out of coverage areas and at
times of capacity limitations
Main features (2/2)
>Multiple security schemes and algorithms
>Voice and data capabilities with 4 TDMA channels in 25 kHz
channel spacing:
concurrent voice and data;
full-duplex voice call using simplex radios;
net data rates up to 28.8 Kbit/s.
>Standard interfaces for data terminal connections (PEI) and for
TETRA networks interconnection (ISI)
>Wide set of telephony and PMR supplementary services
>Call Set Up Time: about 300 ms
TETRA services (1/4)
>Voice and data capabilities
4 traffic channels in one 25 kHz radio channel
point-to-point and point-to-multi point
concurrent voice and data
full-duplex call using simplex radios
fast call set-up
>Fully digital trunked (TMO) and direct (DMO) modes of operation:
Dual watch
Repeater
Gateway
1 1
1) Basic
2 2
2 2
2) Repeater
3 3
3 3
3 3
3) Dual Watch
4 4
4 4
4 4
4) Gateway 4) Gateway
Control Center
TETRA Direct Mode - Available terminals
TETRA services (2/4)
Multiple security schemes & algorithms
>Authentication:
of User / Terminal
of the Infrastructure
>Encryption:
Air Interface Encryption
End-to-End Encryption
>Security Management
>Disabling of stolen radios
Voice/data encryption
END-to-END Encryption AIR Interf. Encryption
Radio Base
Station
Radio Base
Station
Switching
Dispatcher
??????xyz
Authentication
portables
Handportables
Security
TETRA services (3/4)
>Data rates up to 28.8 Kbit/s
>Data communications
Circuit Mode Data
Status/Short Data Service (SDS) real time
Packet Data
>Data rate suitable to support applications such as:
mobile localisation
file/image transfer
slow video
Access Priority
Priority call (incl. Pre-emptive)
Include call
Late Entry
Call authorised by Dispatcher
Area selection
Dynamic Group Number
assignment
Discreet and Ambience
Listening
Short Number Addressing
Talking Party Identification
STD. Interfaces PMR Supplementary Services
TETRA services (4/4)
> Air I/F
> ISI
> PEI
> PABX (Digital/Analogue)
> PSTN (Digital Analogue)
> PDN (Industrial Standards)
PEI
ISDN
LAN/WAN
ISI
Internet
PDN
PABX
PSTN
Network Interfaces
Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
>Possibility of sharing the same physical network among different
organizations. Advantages are:
reduced costs for infrastructure;
reduced cost for running the network.
>Each virtual network guarantees the complete independence to
Technology basics
OPERATIVE FREQUENCY:
MODULATION:
380400 MHz (10 MHz)
410430 MHz (10 MHz)
450470 MHz (10 MHz)
806870 MHz (45 MHz)
870921 MHz (45 MHz)
25 kHz
Band and duplex
spacing (Tx/Rx):
Carrier spacing:
P/4-DQPSK
36 Kbit/s
28,8 Kbit/s
Max data rate per carrier:
Type:
Gross bite rate per carrier:
System characteristics
Radio Access: Conventional Vs. Trunked
Conventional
>Channels are
dedicated to specific
services
>Uneven load
distribution among
channels
>Waste of spectrum
resources
Trunked
>Channels are dynamically
assigned to user requests
>Traffic load distributed
among channels
>Optimal use of spectrum
resources
Who are you ?
Advantages of digital systems
>Constant voice quality
>High speed data transmission
>Subscribers and network
authentication
>High security ciphering
MOD.
COD. FILTER SAMPLE COMPR.
M
U
X
CODEC (TX)
Transmission
channel
(RF on air)
DEMOD.
DECOD.
FILTER and
PROCESSING
SPEAKER DECOMP.
M
U
X
CODEC (RX)
MICRO
Digital Radio System
FDMA
TDMA
CH 2
CH 1
C C
H H
1 1
C C
H H
2 2
C C
H H
3 3
C C
H H
4 4
To
To
25
12.5
SpectrumkHz
Time
Carrier 1
Carrier 2
Carrier 1
Bitrate on demand: TDMA and FDMA
Advantages of TDMA systems
>Bitrate on demand
>Higher data rates
>Simultaneous voice and data
>Simplex terminals for duplex
communications
>One TRX to manage four
traffic channels
2
4
1 multiframe =18 TDMA frames ( =1.02 s )
1 hyperframe =60 multiframes ( =61.2 s )
1 time slot =510 modulation bits durations ( ~14.167 ms )
1 2 3 509510 4
1 2 3 255 4 1 2 3 255 4
1 2
1 subslot =255 modulation bits durations ( ~7.08 ms )
control frame
1 2 3 5 60
1 2 3 4 5 18
1 3 4
1 TDMA frame =4 timeslots ( ~56.67 ms )
1 2 3 4 5 510 509
Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)
CASE 1:
conventional analogue systems
1 channel in 25 kHz
1 channel in 25 kHz
Radio channel usage:
conventional analogue
CASE 2:
FDMAanalogue and digital systems
1 channel 12,5 kHz 1 channel 12,5 kHz
Radio channel usage: FDMA
1 channel in 12,5 kHz
1 channel in 12,5 kHz
CASE 3:
TETRA digital systems
Radio channel usage: TDMA
1

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Technology comparison
Competitive prices
Competitive quality
Innovation
Wide choice of solutions and applications
Trunked
Digital
TDMA based
Richest set of services
Why TETRA instead of proprietary PMR
technologies
> Interoperability
> User requirements fulfillment
> Future-proof technology
TSI STANDARD
STATE-OF-THE-ART STANDARD
PEN STANDARD
Real competition
>Currently there are:
Approximately 12 independent TETRA infrastructure manufacturers
Approximately 8 independent TETRA terminal manufacturers
A huge number of independent application developers
These figures are constantly increasing
MPT1327
TETRA
TETRAPOL SmartZone EDACS
Access FDMA TDMA
Radio channel
bandwidth (kHz)
12,5 25
Traffic channels
within 25 kHz
2 4
Defined by DTI ETSI / EC
Forum
TETRAPOL
MOTOROLA ERICSSON
Open/Proprietary Open Open Proprietary Proprietary Proprietary
Independent
manufacturers
roughly 15 1520 1 1 1
300 ms. Call set-up time 300ms. 1 sec.
Maximum data tx
rate (kbit/s)
2,4 28,8 7,2 7,5 9,6
Simultaneous voice
and data
YES NO
Digital/Analogue Analogue Digital Digital
Analogue/
Digital
Analogue/
Digital
TETRA in comparison to other PMR
systems
Why TETRA instead of public cellular
networks
DISPATCHING ORIENTED
Focus on communications
between radio terminals and
control room operators
Very powerful set of
supplementary services
SECURE COMMUNICATIONS
Widest set of services:
authentication
encryption
radio disabling
...
TRUNKED AND DIRECT MODE
Basic
Dual watch
Repeater
Gateway
GROUP COMMUNICATIONS
Unlimited extension and
number of members
Very powerful set of
supplementary services
Features
Group/Broadcast Call
Dynamic Group Number Assignment
Call authorized by dispatcher
Ambience and Discreet listening
Authentication of the Infrastructure
End-to-end encryption
OTAR
Physical disabling of stolen radios
Direct Mode
DMO Gateway/Repeater
Fast Call Set-up
Emergency calls (preemptive)
Short Data Service
Packet Mode Data
Circuit Mode Data
Concurrent Voice & Data
Bit rate on Demand

(real time)

GSM-R
with limitations
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
GSM-R

GPRS

GPRS
-
-
-
-

-
-
-
-
-
-
?

TETRA
GSM / GSM-R
/ GPRS
UMTS
TETRA in comparison to other public
cellular networks
EDGE Handset 384 kb/s
UMTS Handset 384 kb/s
TETRA (Rel. 2) approx. 400 kb/s
0 100 200 300 400 2000 kb/s
Indoor Terminal 2 Mb/s
UMTS Vehicular 144 kb/s
GPRS 115 kb/s
TETRA (Rel. 1) 28.8 kb/s
How do speeds compare?
Some scenarios and
applications
Some data transmission applications (1/2)
Automatic terminal localization
>Using GPS receivers connected to TETRA terminals the
determination of the mobile position is carried out and
transferred to the control room.
File transfer
>Using the circuit or packet mode data transfer, it is possible to
transfer data from/to radio terminal (suitable equipped) to/from
proprietary database even external to the TETRA network.
Some data transmission applications (2/2)
Fax
>This functionality is obtained through data transfer and
specialized gateways.
Image transmission / Slow video
>The transmission of fixed (mugshot, building maps, ...) or slowly
changing images is possible using particular compression
algorithms that allow the optimization of transmitted data
amount and therefore channel load.
Base Station
Control Room
Car 1 for an accident at
High Roadold man with
broken leg ...
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ency Vehicles
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Control room operator can simultaneously communicate with and localise the
vehicles
Multiple channels allow multiple separated communications at the same time
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Scenario
Scenario
> Patients medical data sending in electronic format, directly from the ambulance while
going to the hospital
> Possibility of communicating with fixed telephony network or cellular network, for
instance to put in touch ambulance operators with specialist doctors reachable at cellular
phone
Control Room
Ambulance
EVENT EVENT
Specialist
Medical data
Scenario
> Suspect person is identified by means of personal data in his/her documents or with
electronic fingerprint. Data are sent through radios for remote database research; if
research is successful, complete data of suspect person (e.g. including mugshot) are sent
back in real time to officers on the field.
INFO
DATA
BASE
Fingerprint or Name
Complete personal
data including
mugshot
Officer identifying
suspect person
Scenario
> Possibility of communicating with fixed telephony network or cellular network, for
instance Integrated Command and Control centre managing an operation can put officers
in touch with calling citizen in order to allow direct information exchange when needed
Control Room
Citizen
Officer (e.g. looking for the
place where the intervention
is required)
Scenario
Separate communications, simultaneous and independent, among different teams operating
on the same intervention and/or in the same area
Co-ordinator can communicate with one team but he can be at any time alerted by another
teamand then change group communication
am 1
Communication
with team 2
Team 1 requiring
urgent communication!
Group call switch to
team 1
increase the flow!...
ention please!!!
OK team 1,
report situation...
Scenario
At any given time, if the two teams need to work together, the two group communications can
be merged in one thanks to groups patching
Coordinator
am 1
Dispatching station
Team 2, this is
team 1 calling...
OK team 1!!
> Communications are fully confidential, avoiding the risk of improper use of information by
any unauthorised people (criminals, terrorists, hackers, hostile government agencies, press,
)
Scenario
immediate intervention
required at Blue Mountain..
Protection by encryption
Interception
failed!!
Control Centre
OK, we are
moving ..
DMO-GW
Scenario
When network coverage is not available (underground parking, tunnels, ), basic TETRA
communication services are granted thanks to Direct Mode Operation
Also under those conditions it is possible for Control Centre or other users under the network
coverage to communicate with users outside of the coverage thanks to special equipment
called DM-Gateway
Network
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PROTECTED
CONVOY
Scenario
> Multiple organisations can share the network and set-up integrated
communications only when needed
> It is always supported the possibility to manage emergency scenarios
with emergency calls, using pre-emption and granting call set-up within
very short time (300ms)
Ambulance
Urgent
communication!
Redirect the convoy..
300 ms
Scenario
Data transmission is supported at bitrate up to 28.8Kbps, supporting a wide range of
applications including image and video transmission
ontrol Room
D
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m
is
s
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Onboard camera
User-specific considerations
Special issues for Public Safety (1/4)
>Some specific requirements must be carefully considered when
TETRA networks are going to be deployed for mission-critical use:
Reliable and Flexible network topology
BS Fallback capability
End-to-End encryption
Direct Mode Gateway
Data transmission (best bearer for service)
Special issues for Public Safety (2/4)
>Availability of radio communications for mission critical application
must be granted at the largest extent
>In addition to redundant elements, networks must offer the highest
level of flexibility in order to streamline the network design to offer
the required reliability in any customer-specific condition
>Examples of these implementations are
Self healing rings to connect Radio Base Stations
Full network links redundancy
Disaster recovery mechanisms for Switching Nodes and Network
Management System
Special issues for Public Safety (3/4)
Additional mechanisms are crucial to support as far as possible the
availability of communication services
> Base Station Fallback operation:
grants local communications under the BS coverage also when the
Switching Node is not available (due to backbone interruption or Switching
Node failure)
is required to provide complete set of services (individual and group
voice&data transmission, security features, ) and, if possible, connection
to other alternative fixed networks
> Direct Mode Gateway terminals:
provide a valuable improvement to the possibility of communicating as they
allow users to get in touch with the headquarter also when outside the
network coverage
Special issues for Public Safety (4/4)
>Experiences world-wide confirm that Public Safety services
efficiency is more and more dependent on the capability to
manage data remotely, while moving.
>One of the most valuable benefits brought by TETRA is the
capability to efficiently exchange INFORMATION (e.g. localisation,
database interrogation, images and video, ) between officers
on the field and headquarter.
>TETRA offers multiple mechanisms for data transmission and state-
of-the-art performance (i.e. bitrate) in order to provide the best
bearer for each application.
>It is crucial hence to rely on the largest set of data transmission
features provided by TETRA.
The future
TETRA Release 2: some major objectives
>New 3G applications availability obtained thanks to
Increased data transmission bandwidth
>Backward compatibility obtained thanks to
Same frequency bands as TETRA
Backward compatible air interface protocol
>Efficient interworking with 3G public networks obtained thanks to
SIM and CODEC integration with UMTS
ETSI Project TETRA Release 2
3G Interworking
Long Range TETRA
Air IF Enhancement
TETRA SIM Evolution
High speed data
TETRA is future proof
End presentation