Example from Chapter 5, Ozisik, M.N., 1980.Heat Conduction John Wiley and Sons.

Duhamels Theorem
Example (1)
A semi infinite solid is initially at zero temperature. For time t > 0 the boundary
surface at x = 0 is kept at temperature f (t). Obtain an expression for the temperature distribution
T(x,t) in the solid for times t > 0.
Solution: The mathematical formulation of this problem is given as

The auxiliary problem is taken as

Then the solution of the problem (1-1) is given in term of the solution of the problem (1-2) by
the Duhamels theorem (1-3 ) as:

The solution of the auxiliary problem (1-2) is obtainable from the solution T(x,t) given
by equation

)
by the relation and setting the equation(1-4) T
0
=1. Thus we obtain
(

) (

Then

+
Introducing equation (1-6) into equation (1-3) the solution of the problem (1-1) becomes

+
This result can be put into a different form by defining a new variable as

Introducing equation (1-8) into equation (1-7), we obtain

We now consider a special case of solution (1-9); if the surface temperature is a periodic function
of time in the form

The solution (1-9) becomes

*(

) +

Or

*(

) +

*(

) +

The first definite integral can be evaluated, then

* (

+ * (

*(

) +

Here the second term on the right represents the transients that die away as t , and the first
term represent the steady oscillation of temperature in the medium after the transient have
passed.
Example (2)
A slab, is initially at zero temperature. For times t > 0 the boundary at the surfaces at
x = 0 and x = L are kept at temperatures f
1
(t) and f
2
(t) , respectively. Obtain an expression for the
temperature distribution T(x,t) in the slab for times t > 0.
Solution:
The mathematical formulation of this problem is given as

The auxiliary problem is taken as

Where

are considered independent of time. The solution of the auxiliary

by setting in equation (2-3)

Then

]
And by Duhamels theorem

the solution of problem (2-1) is given as

Introducing equation (2-5) into equation (2-7) we obtain

Where

. This solution seems to vanish at x = 0 and x = L, instead of converging to

Where

The integral terms is evaluated by parts as

, [

+
Equation (2-11) is introduced into equation (2-8)

Closed form expression can readily be obtained for the first two series on the right hand side of
the equation (2-12) as:

Introducing equation (2-13) into equation (2-12), the solution becomes
(

This solution given in this form clearly shows that at x = 0 and x = L this solution reduces to f
1
(t)
and f
2
(t), respectively.


Example (3)
A solid cylinder is initially at zero temperature. For times t > 0 boundary surfaces at
r = b is kept at temperatures T = f(t), which varies with time. Obtain an expression for the
temperature distribution T(r, t) in the cylinder for time t > 0
Solution:
The mathematical formulation of this problem is given as

The auxiliary problem is taken as

The solution of the problem (3-1) can be written in the term of the solution of the auxiliary
problem (3-2) by Duhamels theorem as

If is the solution of the problem for a solid cylinder , initially at temperature
unity and for times t > 0, the boundary surface at r = b is kept at zero temperature, then the
solution for is obtainable from the solution (3-4)

by setting T
0
=1 in that equation ; we find

Where

are positive roots of

The solution of the auxiliary problem (3-2) is obtainable from the solution
given by equation (3-5) as

Introducing equation (3-6) into equation (3-3) , the solution of the problem (3-1) becomes

Where

are the roots of

The solution for the T(r, t) given by equation (3-7) does not explicitly show that
. This result can be expressed in alternative form by integrating integral term by
parts as has been done in the previous example (2). We obtain:

We note that the solution (3-5) for t=0 should be equal to the initial temperature
thus:

Which gives the desired closed-form expression for the first series on the right hand side of
equation (3-8). Then the solution (3-8) is written as

The solution given in this form clearly shows that T(r, t) = f(t) at r = b.
Example (4)
A solid cylinder is initially at zero temperature. For times t > 0 heat is generated in
the solid at rate of g(t) per unit volume and boundary surfaces at the surfaces at r = b is kept at
zero temperature. Obtain an expression for the temperature distribution T(r, t) in the cylinder for
times t > 0
Solution:
The mathematical formulation of this problem is given as

The auxiliary problem is taken as

The the solution of the problem (4-1) is related to the solution of the auxiliary problem (4-2) by
Duhamels theorem as

The solution auxiliary problem (4-2) is obtainable from equation (4-4) by setting g
0
=1 and
F(r)=0; we find

Where

are the positive roots of

Introducing equation (4-5) into (4-3) we obtain