NCICD - Changing Threat Into Opportunity

The threat of foods
The more than 10 million inhabitants of the Jakarta metropolitan area (Indonesia) are
familiar with fooding in the rainy season. Sedimentaton combined with increased dis-
charges create high water levels and the occasional food in the 13 rivers and canals fow-
ing through the fat, low lying urban delta. Street fooding is a more common event as the
city struggles to keep the urban drainage system in pace with urbanizaton. However in
February 2007, North Jakarta was hit by a diferent food. A high tde overtopped the sea
wall in Pluit, a low-income sea side neighborhood in North Jakarta and sea water was
rushing through the streets creatng high waters up to 1.5 meters for several days.
Alarming Rate of Soil Subsidence
This fooding from the sea confrmed what some researchers already had been warning
for: North Jakarta is subsiding at a staggering speed of 7.5 centmeters per year (some
parts up to 14 centmeters per year) and large parts of the city will be under sea level
within the next 10 years. If the current trend persists sea level could reach up to 7 meters
above street level in 2080. In the years following the 2007 food huge eforts were made
to monitor and research subsidence and, at the same tme, to build a sea wall high
enough to withstand the sea water for a few years. Indonesia in close cooperaton with
The Netherlands, Japan and Korea executed several research projects, constructed the
sea wall and increased the pumping capacity to keep the most endangered low lying are-
as dry.
Jakarta Coastal Defense Strategy
However, the speed and magnitude of the land subsidence is such that the need for a
comprehensive strategy became clear soon. The Jakarta Coastal Defense Strategy project
(JCDS) provided the blueprint for this strategy. The key approach would be that 3 lines of
sea defenses would be created over a period of 20-30 years. Each subsequent line would
be constructed more seawards, the last line would be a sea wall in the Bay of Jakarta,
closing of the bay and creatng a large fresh water lagoon. This sea wall (also known as
Giant Sea Wall or Outer Sea Wall) would not only keep out the sea water, but also would
be used to keep the 13 rivers free fowing, thus lowering the risk of river foods in the city.
This was necessary as the rivers slowly lost the ability to fow under gravity, due to the
rising sea level. For this, the water in the closed of lagoon would be lowered by pumping
to a level that allows free river fow. The lagoon would become a future fresh water
source for the drinking water supply of Jakarta.
NATIONAL CAPITAL INTEGRATED COASTAL DEVELOPMENT NATIONAL CAPITAL INTEGRATED COASTAL DEVELOPMENT NATIONAL CAPITAL INTEGRATED COASTAL DEVELOPMENT
CHANGING THREAT INTO OPPORTUNITY
INDONESIA INDONESIA INDONESIA
Outer Sea Wall Concept
Bird Eye View
Java Island
Program area

Towards Integrated Coastal Development: NCICD
The JCDS project was followed up by the Natonal Capital Integrated Coastal Development
project (NCICD). The name of this project refects two developments. Firstly, the natonal im-
portance of the program which stretches beyond the city limits of Jakarta: measures in adja-
cent and upstream areas are part of the strategy. Secondly, the integrated character of the
development, where technical, socio-economic and spatal development aspects have to go
hand in hand.

The NCICD-project started in January 2013 and will produce a Master Plan together with an
implementng organizaton model and an investment strategy within 2 years tme. The pro-
ject organizaton refects the natonal importance of the NCICD project: nearly all Indonesian
ministries and Jakarta City administratve bodies are involved under the guidance of the Coor-
dinatng Ministry of Economic Afairs. The plan process is supported by leading Indonesian
experts, both private and academic. The government of The Netherlands provides technical
assistance for the Planning phase.
The NCICD strategy consists of a broad set of measures, startng with addressing the driving
force behind the sea level rise: the land subsidence. Together with this, two food defense
lines will be prepared: strengthening and raising the existng sea wall, to provide short term
protecton, and an ofshore Outer Sea Wall providing long term protecton. These food de-
fenses will be fully integrated in the urban and socio-economic development of greater Jakar-
ta, seeking fnancing opportunites and socio-economic synergy.

Acceleraton
The strategy has many obvious implicatons (raising dikes and sea walls), but also several not
so obvious, like the urgent need for improved piped water supply and the acceleraton of wa-
ter sanitaton. Plans to provide piped water supply already have been approved and construc-
ton is scheduled to start in 2015. However, it is not certain to what extend the subsidence is
caused by ground water extracton and (residual or permanent) land subsidence must be tak-
en into account.
Acceleraton of the water sanitaton in Jakarta is also a key factor in the project. Water quality
in the rivers and canals is very poor due to lack of proper sanitaton and sewerage. Closing of
the Bay of Jakarta in these circumstances would lead to a giant septc tank or Black Lagoon.
The governments of Indonesia and Japan are currently cooperatng to improve the sanitaton,
but the constructon of an Outer Sea Wall in the coming decade, necessitates the acceleraton
of the water sanitaton program. The water quality must improved by 75% before the lagoon
can be closed of.

Complexity
The NCICD program is complex in all aspects. The outer sea wall would be 50 km long, in wa-
ters of 16 meters depth, and rising 7 meters above sea level. 160 million m
3
of sand and 33
million tons of rock are needed for constructon. In order to pump out the fresh water from
the city and rivers, a drainage pumping capacity of 600-900 m3/second needs to be installed,
operated and maintained. This is 50-100% larger than the largest pumping staton in the
world. Major related issues will have to be addressed, such as the future of the fshing com-
munites and fshing ports, the main port Tanjung Priok (Indonesias largest port), the three
power statons on the current coastline, resetlement of thousands of households on the river
embankments, and the threatening loss of protected mangrove sites. Also matching the huge
fnancial upfront investments with the future returns from land reclamatons and property
developments is a major challenge.
Nevertheless, Indonesia needs to rise to this enormous challenge in order to protect the Ja-
karta metropolitan area against permanent fooding. Despite the huge costs, the far-reaching
implicatons, decision makers already have commited themselves to the project and the
strategy, understanding that there is no other alternatve but to abandon North Jakarta.
NCICD
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
UNIT OFFICE

Menara Ravindo 5th Floor
Jl. Kebon Sirih Kav.75
Jakarta 10340
Indonesia

Phone : +6221 3192 4863
Fax : +6221 3192 4878

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The threat of foods

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