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Worksheet 22

This document contains worked problems and explanations related to concepts in gas physics and thermodynamics. It covers topics like the number of particles in different amounts of substances, molar mass, ideal gas law calculations, gas pressure and temperature relationships, and kinetic theory concepts like average kinetic energy and speed of gas particles.

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Vijay Bhaskar
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
201 views

Worksheet 22

This document contains worked problems and explanations related to concepts in gas physics and thermodynamics. It covers topics like the number of particles in different amounts of substances, molar mass, ideal gas law calculations, gas pressure and temperature relationships, and kinetic theory concepts like average kinetic energy and speed of gas particles.

Uploaded by

Vijay Bhaskar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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22 Worksheet (A2)

Data needed to answer questions can be found in the Data, formulae and relationships sheet.
1 Determine the number of atoms or molecules in each of the following.
a 1.0 mole of carbon [1]
b 3.6 moles of water [1]
c 0.26 moles of helium [1]
2 he molar mass of helium is !.0 g.
Determine the mass of a single atom of helium in "ilograms. [2]
3 he molar mass of uranium is 23# g.
a $alculate the mass of one atom of uranium. [2]
b % small roc" contains 0.12 g of uranium. &or this roc", calculate the number of'
i moles of uranium [2]
ii atoms of uranium. [1]
4 ()plain what is meant b* the absolute zero of temperature. [3]
5 a +rite the ideal gas equation in words. [1]
b ,ne mole of an ideal gas is trapped inside a rigid container of -olume 0.020 m
3
.
$alculate the pressure e)erted b* the gas when the temperature within the
container is 2.3 /. [3]
6 % fi)ed amount of an ideal gas is trapped in a container of -olume V.
he pressure e)erted b* the gas is P and its absolute temperature is T.
a 0sing a s"etch of PV against T, e)plain how *ou can determine the number of moles
of gas within the container. [!]
b 1"etch a graph of PV against P when the gas is "ept at a constant temperature.
()plain the shape of the graph. [3]
7 % rigid c*linder of -olume 0.030 m
3
holds !.0 g of air. he molar mass of air is about 2. g.
a $alculate the pressure e)erted b* the air when its temperature is 3! 2$. [!]
b +hat is the temperature of the gas in degrees $elsius when the pressure is twice
*our -alue from part a3 [!]
%1 and % 4e-el 5h*sics ,riginal material 6 $ambridge 0ni-ersit* 5ress 2010 1
22 Worksheet (A2)
8 he diagram shows two insulated containers holding gas.
he containers are connected together b* tubes of negligible -olume.
he internal -olume of each container is 2.0 10
72
m
3
.
he temperature within each container is 713 2$. he gas in container A e)erts a pressure
of 1#0 "5a and the gas in container B e)erts a pressure of 300 "5a.
a 1how that the amount of gas within the two containers is about !.! moles. [3]
b he -al-e connecting the containers is slowl* opened and the gases are allowed to mi).
he temperature within the containers remains the same.
$alculate the new pressure e)erted b* the gas within the containers. [3]
9 he diagram shows a c*linder containing air
at a temperature of 8.0 2$.
he piston has a cross9sectional area 1.6 10
73
m
2
:t is held stationar* b* appl*ing a force
of !00 ; applied normall* to the piston.
he -olume occupied b* the compressed air
is 2.! 10
7!
m
3
.
he molar mass of air is about 2. g.
a $alculate the pressure e)erted b* the compressed air. [2]
b Determine the number of moles of air inside the c*linder. [3]
c 0se *our answer to b to determine'
i the mass of air inside the c*linder [1]
ii the densit* of the air inside the c*linder. [2]
10 he mean speed of a helium atom at a temperature of 0 2$ is 1.3 "m s
<1
. (stimate the mean
speed of helium atoms on the surface of a star where the temperature is 10 000 /. [6]
11 he surface temperature of the 1un is about 8!00 /. ,n its surface, particles beha-e li"e the
atoms of an ideal gas. he atmosphere of the 1un mainl* consists of h*drogen nuclei.
hese nuclei mo-e in random motion.
a ()plain what is meant b* random motion. [1]
b i $alculate the mean translational "inetic energ* of a h*drogen nucleus
on the surface of the 1un. [2]
ii (stimate the mean speed of such a h*drogen nucleus.
=he mass of h*drogen nucleus is 1.> 10
72>
"g.? [3]
12 a $alculate the mean translational "inetic energ* of gas atoms at 0 2$. [2]
b (stimate the mean speed of carbon dio)ide molecules at 0 2$.
=he molar mass of carbon dio)ide is !! g.? [8]
c $alculate the change in the internal energ* of one mole of carbon dio)ide gas when its
temperature changes from 0 2$ to 100

2$. [3]
%1 and % 4e-el 5h*sics ,riginal material 6 $ambridge 0ni-ersit* 5ress 2010 2
22 Worksheet (A2)
13 he diagram below shows three different t*pes of arrangements of gas particles.
% gas whose particles consist of single atoms is referred to as monatomic < for e)ample
helium =@e?. % gas with two atoms to a molecule is called diatomic < for e)ample o)*gen
=,
2
?. % gas with more than two atoms to a molecule is said to be polyatomic < for e)ample
water -apour =@
2
,?.
% single atom can tra-el independentl* in the x, y and z directions' it is said to ha-e three
derees o! !reedom. &rom the equation for the mean translational "inetic energ* of the atom,
we can generalise that a gas particle has mean energ* of kT
2
1
per degree of freedom.
Aolecules can also ha-e additional degrees of freedom due to their rotational energ*.
a 0se the diagram abo-e to e)plain wh*'
i the mean energ* of a diatomic molecule is kT
2
8
[2]
ii the mean energ* of a pol*atomic molecule is 3kT. [2]
b $alculate the internal energ* of one mole of water -apour =steam? per unit "el-in. [3]
otal'
>8
1core' B
%1 and % 4e-el 5h*sics ,riginal material 6 $ambridge 0ni-ersit* 5ress 2010 3

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