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Development of Sustainable Indicator Groups for Evaluation & Benchmarking

of Sustainable Urban Transportation System

Pradeep Chaitanya Jasti
1
and Prof. V.Vinayaka Ram
2

1
Dy. Transportation Planner, MMRC & Research Scholar, Dept. of Civil Engineering,
BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, (Mob:+91- 9908743745, E-Mail:
jastipradeep@gmail.com)
2
Associate Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus,
(Mob: +91- 9010202846, E-Mail: vinayak@hyderabad.bits-pilani.ac.in)

ABSTRACT: The current study emphasis on developing a standardised framework
for Evaluation & Benchmarking of Sustainable Urban Transportation System which is
expected to help all the Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) in understanding and evaluating
the Urban Transportation Systems performance by collecting and maintaining a time
bound database. Many policy makers have strongly opined that the future planning
and building of urban infrastructure should be scientific to achieve the primary
objective of the sustainable development and promise the coming generations in
providing better liveable cities without draining down the ambient environment. It is
in this context the current study is undertaken to develop an indicator based
framework to understand and evaluate the urban transportation system by considering
63 Sustainable Transport Performance Indicators under 5 Indicator Groups (IG)
precisely Environment, Economy, Equity/Social, Financial and Good Governance and
make it adaptable for all Tier I, Tier II and Tier III Indian Cities. Attempts has been
made to bring in the best International standards / practices on National &
International scale and are presented through this paper. It is expected to help all the
ULBs in creating data sets suitable for tracking and comparing performance on the
sustainability goals. This work also redefines the sustainability aspect for Indian
condition by incorporating the financial sustainability.

INTRODUCTION & NEED

Sustainable Development balances Environmental, Social and Economic
Objectives and Sustainable Transport Planning refers to Transport Policy Analysis
and planning practices that support Sustainable Development. A critical component of
sustainable transport planning is the development of a comprehensive evaluation
program that evaluates transportation system performance based on an appropriate set
of environmental, social and economic indicators. Present there is no such evaluation
process which is suitable and mature enough to carry out a tailor made evaluation of
the Sustainability of Urban Transportation System. Though Ministry of Urban
Development (MoUD) from India and few Research Organizations in Europe and few
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Govt. Stakeholders from Western Nations have developed some methods and
frameworks, none of them have concentrated on integrating it with Sustainability and
Service Level Benchmarking (SLB) so as to understand how our transportation
system is performing as a whole and in which sectors it is lagging along with its
severity, so that we can have a clear plan for the future development. The SLB can be
defined as The process of determining how effectively and efficiently the present
transportation system is performing in the existing situation.
SUSTAINABILITY ASPECTS OF URBAN TRASNPORTATION
Sustainable development can be defined as meets the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. (WCED
1987). Sustainability emphasizes the integrated nature of human activities and
therefore the need for coordinated planning among different sectors, groups and
jurisdictions. Sustainable Transport planning recognizes that transport decisions affect
people in many ways, so a variety of objectives and impacts should be considered in
the planning process as shown in the Fig. No.1. and the aspects shown are developed
in a view to play a dual role of being a goal and principle to achieve the Urban
Transportation Sustainability for Indian Conditions in particular.



Fig No.1: Aspects of Urban Transportation Sustainability

DEVELOPMENT OF INDICATOR GROUPS & EVALUATORS

In order to achieve the urban transport sustainability, a well-balanced and a readily
adaptable framework is being developed for Indian Conditions with the following IGs
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as shown in Fig No.2 below.


Fig No.2: Sustainability Tree Showing Indicator Groups and Evaluators

COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF INDICATOR GROUPS &
EVALUATORS

Comprehensive performance evaluation is an important component of sustainable
transport planning which helps identify win-win solutions, which are strategies that
help achieve multiple objectives. In order to achieve the same, a detailed framework
with 5 Indicator Groups, 19 Performance Indicators and 63 Evaluators is shown in
Table No. 3 Table No.7, such that it can be applied directly for any city and
complete formal action plan can be prepared for the future sustainable planning by
setting up short, medium and long-term goals. The abbreviations used in the Table
No. 3 Table No.7 are listed as below in Table No.2.

Table No. 2: Abbreviations of the Data Source indicated in the Framework

S.No. Abbreviations of the Data Source S.No. Abbreviations of the Data Source
1 RI - Road Inventory 10 MoUD - Ministry of Urban
Development
2 FC - Floating Car 11 PCB-Pollution Control Boards
3 HH-House Hold 12 NIC - National Information Centre
4 RTI - Right to Information Act 13 DIC-District Information Centre
5 MP - Mater Plan 14 DSO-District Statistical Offices
6 CMP - Comprehensive Mobility
Plan
15 DA - Development Authorities
7 CTS - Comprehensive
Transportation Study
16 ULB - Urban Local Body
8 RS - Research Studies 17 IDC - Industrial Development
Corporations
9 Traffic - Traffic Police Department 18 PTO - Public Transport Operators

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606
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BENCHMARKING OF URBAN TRANSPORT SUSTAINABILITY

To bridge the gap between Sustainability & Benchmarking, an Integrated and
Sustainable Service Level Benchmarking (ISSLB) of Urban Transportation is to be
done whose output can be shown in a Performance Report Card as shown below.

Table No. 8: Sample Performance Report Card of ISSLB

Indicator
Group
Indicator CLOS GLOS OLOS
Environmental
Climate Stability 3
2
2
+
2
.
2
5
+
2
.
5
+
2
.
7
5
+
2

=

1
1
.
5

1
1
.
5
/
5

=

2
.
3

A
s

2
.
3

c
a
n

b
e

n
e
a
r
l
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r
o
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n
d

a
b
l
e

t
o

2
,

T
h
e

C
i
t
y

s

O
L
O
S

=

Prevent Air &Noise Pollution 2
Consumption of Natural
Resources 2
Waste Recycling 1
Economical
Equity/fairness 2
2.25
Safety, Security & Health 3
Community Development 2
Affordability 2
Social
Economic Productivity 2
2.5
Economic Development 3
Energy Efficiency 2
Efficient Transport Operations 3
Financial
Financial Support &Viability 3
2.75
Toll/Tax Revenue 3
Public Transport 3
Pvt. Transport 2
Good
Governance
Institutional Capacity 2
2 Civic Engagement 2
Enforcement 2

The above report card is a sample one, which is obtained by the factious values. The
OLOS for a city in the segment of Sustainable Urban Transportation System is finally
rated as D as the OLOS is achieved as 2. Its simply 5 being the highest with OLOS
A and 1 being the lowest with OLOS E

ACHIEVING URBAN TRANSPORTATION SUSTINABILITY IN INDIA

Its globally believed that, the Sustainability of Urban Transportation is purely
dependent on Environmental, Economic and Social sectors of the city. The other key
sectors such as Financial Viability and Good Governance can never be ignored as
they play a predominant role particularly in the countries like India, which is more
dependent on external funding and Official Development Assistance (ODA) Loans
for developing Urban Infrastructure. Financially viability allows the operating/owning
authority to be Self-Sustainable from the returns of the project, so that loan repayment
can be done within the said period avoiding heavy levies and fines. It also creates a
607
Page | 10

better impression among the loan offering nations which indeed helps develop
friendly relationships between the nations resulting in a developed nation. To
successfully achieve the Sustainability of Urban Transportation in India, the ULBs,
RTAs, other Govt. Departments/Stakeholders and MoUD need to ensure Good
Governance by introducing the policies and enforcements in a phased manner
beginning with Tier III Cities and slowly reach Tier II & Tier I cities within the next
10 years. This is because, its always easier and proved affective to start such type of
reforms with small cities as they would be still taking their shapes into a developed
cities which makes the things easier to apply any innovations in the planning,
designing and executing to attain sustainability. Once the models are proven affective,
the same can be applied to the Metropolitan Cities as they generally take few years
because of the challenges involved.
Finally, Sustainability of Urban Transportation for Indian Conditions can be
redefined as The Transportation System which never drains down the
Environmental, Economic, Social and Financial systems of a city while meeting the
transportation needs of the present and future generations, but, promote carbon free
liveability and independent accessibility to the public with disability

CONCLUSION

As interests in sustainability have grown over the past several years, an increasing
number of Departments of Transportation (DOTs) and Research Bodies form Western
and European continents has continued to include sustainability in their mission
statements and framed their own way of achieving their goals. Although there is no
standard definition for transportation sustainability, it should at the very least,
incorporate their broader impacts on system effectiveness and efficiency,
environmental integrity, economic development, financial sustainability and the social
quality of life. This study developed a framework and a feasible methodology for
evaluating and quantifying sustainability performance of an Indian city predominantly
Tier I & Tier II. Its largely believed that Environmental, Economic and Social
aspects of a city are solely responsible in defining the sustainability, which is
countered with a well-developed quantification of other predominant aspects namely,
Financial Sustainability and the role of Good Governance in addition. This is because,
for any system to achieve its goals & objectives, a financially self-sustainable model
has to be developed in such a way that it can cater the future generations which can be
achieved only through Good Governance and Civic Engagement. Especially for
Indian conditions, the Sustainable Urban Transportation should not only remain as a
Green Initiative/Objective, but it should also address the financial sustainability as an
integral part of the system by attaining the financially viability for all the external
aided and PPP funded mega infrastructure projects, thus making a Loan free Nation at
least in the sector of Urban Transportation.

REFERENCES & RESOURCES

Todd Litman and David Burwell (2006). Issues in sustainable transportation" Int.
Journal Global Environmental Issues, Vol. 6, No. 4, 2006, pp 331 347.
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