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    CH 5 System of Equations

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    thiban130991
    This document discusses different methods for solving systems of linear equations, including inverse matrices, Cramer's rule, and Gaussian elimination. It provides examples of using inverse matrices to solve 2x2 and 3x3 systems. Key points covered include: - Systems can have unique solutions, infinitely many solutions, or no solution - Matrices are defined and basic matrix operations like addition, subtraction and multiplication are explained - The inverse of a matrix is defined as a matrix that when multiplied by the original matrix produces the identity matrix - The inverse matrix method can be used to solve systems of linear equations by setting up as a matrix equation and multiplying both sides by the inverse matrix.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    CH 5 System of Equations

    Uploaded by

    thiban130991
    142 views23 pages
    This document discusses different methods for solving systems of linear equations, including inverse matrices, Cramer's rule, and Gaussian elimination. It provides examples of using inverse matrices to solve 2x2 and 3x3 systems. Key points covered include: - Systems can have unique solutions, infinitely many solutions, or no solution - Matrices are defined and basic matrix operations like addition, subtraction and multiplication are explained - The inverse of a matrix is defined as a matrix that when multiplied by the original matrix produces the identity matrix - The inverse matrix method can be used to solve systems of linear equations by setting up as a matrix equation and multiplying both sides by the inverse matrix.

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    Equations of system

    Original Title

    Ch 5 System of Equations

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    This document discusses different methods for solving systems of linear equations, including inverse matrices, Cramer's rule, and Gaussian elimination. It provides examples of using inverse matrices to solve 2x2 and 3x3 systems. Key points covered include: - Systems can have unique solutions, infinitely many solutions, or no solution - Matrices are defined and basic matrix operations like addition, subtraction and multiplication are explained - The inverse of a matrix is defined as a matrix that when multiplied by the original matrix produces the identity matrix - The inverse matrix method can be used to solve systems of linear equations by setting up as a matrix equation and multiplying both sides by the inverse matrix.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    142 views23 pages

    CH 5 System of Equations

    Uploaded by

    thiban130991
    This document discusses different methods for solving systems of linear equations, including inverse matrices, Cramer's rule, and Gaussian elimination. It provides examples of using inverse matrices to solve 2x2 and 3x3 systems. Key points covered include: - Systems can have unique solutions, infinitely many solutions, or no solution - Matrices are defined and basic matrix operations like addition, subtraction and multiplication are explained - The inverse of a matrix is defined as a matrix that when multiplied by the original matrix produces the identity matrix - The inverse matrix method can be used to solve systems of linear equations by setting up as a matrix equation and multiplying both sides by the inverse matrix.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 23

    SOLVING SYSTEM OF

    EQUATION

    MAY 2014

    WS Chapter 5 System of Equations

    LEARNING OBJECTIVES :

    Be able to solve the system of linear equations


    using:
    Inverse matrix
    Cramers Rule
    Gaussian Elimination Method
    (Reduced Row Echelon Form)

    MAY 2014

    WS Chapter 5 System of Equations

    System of Linear Equations


    1. Two variables system of linear equations

    2. Three variables system of linear equations

    MAY 2014

    WS Chapter 5 System of Equations

    Types of solutions.
    1. Unique solution
    2. Infinitely many solutions
    Graphically, when the lines representing
    the equations overlap each other
    By solving, we obtained an identity 0 = 0
    3. No solution
    Graphically, when the lines representing
    the equations are parallel to each other.
    By solving, we obtained a false statement ,
    0=4
    MAY 2014

    WS Chapter 5 System of Equations

    MATRIX
    A matrix is a rectangular array of numbers
    written within brackets.
    Column

    Row

    3 by 3 matrix

    Each number
    in the matrix is called an
    element of the matrix.
    is the row index and is the column index
    MAY 2014

    WS Chapter 5 System of Equations

    SQUARE MATRIX
    A matrix A with n rows and n columns is called
    a square matrix.
    i.e : number of columns = number of rows
    Eg : 2 x 2, 3 x 3, 4 x 4
    ZERO MATRIX
    The matrix with all entries 0.

    MAY 2014

    WS Chapter 5 System of Equations

    ADDITION & SUBTRACTION OF MATRICES


    If A and B are two matrices of the same size,
    then the sum A+B is obtained by adding the
    corresponding entries in the two matrices

    Note :
    A+B=B+A
    Subtraction of matrix is the same as Addition

    Note :
    MAY 2014

    WS Chapter 5 System of Equations

    SCALAR MATRIX
    If any matrix is multiplied with any scalar c,
    then the product cA is the matrix obtained
    by multiplying each entry of A by c.

    MAY 2014

    WS Chapter 5 System of Equations

    PROPERTIES OF MATRICES
    Suppose A, B and C are m by n matrices.

    MAY 2014

    WS Chapter 5 System of Equations

    MULTIPLICATION
    If A is a m x r matrix and B is r x n matrix,
    then the product AB is the m x n matrix.

    m by r

    r by n
    Must be the same
    for AB to be defined

    AB is m by n
    MAY 2014

    WS Chapter 5 System of Equations

    10

    NOTE : Before multiplying any matrices,


    always check
    Column of A = row of B
    If this is not satisfied, then A x B is undefined.

    Example : MULTIPLYING TWO MATRICES

    2x3

    3x2

    Col A = Row B
    2x2

    Note :
    MAY 2014

    WS Chapter 5 System of Equations

    11

    IDENTITY MATRIX

    An n x n square matrix whose diagonal


    entries are 1s, while all others are 0s, is
    called the identity matrix
    .

    MAY 2014

    WS Chapter 5 System of Equations

    12

    PROPERTY
    If A is a n by n square matrix, then

    Example :

    MAY 2014

    WS Chapter 5 System of Equations

    13

    INVERSE OF A MATRIX
    Let A be a square n x n matrix.
    If there exists an n x n matrix
    with the
    property that

    Then we say that

    is the inverse of A .

    INVERSE OF 2 x 2 MATRIX

    MAY 2014

    WS Chapter 5 System of Equations

    14

    Example : Let
    SOLUTION

    MAY 2014

    WS Chapter 5 System of Equations

    15

    FINDING THE INVERSE OF MATRIX A


    The Procedure :
    Step 1 : Form the augmented matrix
    Step 2 : Transform
    echelon form

    into reduced

    Step 3 : The reduced echelon form of


    will contain on the left bar of the
    vertical bar ; the n by n matrix on
    the right is the

    MAY 2014

    WS Chapter 5 System of Equations

    16

    Example : The matrix

    SOLUTION

    is non singular. Find its inverse.

    Step 1 : Form the augmented matrix

    Then we use the row operations to transform


    to the echelon form

    MAY 2014

    WS Chapter 5 System of Equations

    17

    MAY 2014

    WS Chapter 5 System of Equations

    18

    The right half is now

    MAY 2014

    WS Chapter 5 System of Equations

    19

    SOLVING SYSTEM OF EQUATIONS BY


    USING INVERSE MATRIX
    Example

    Solve the system of equations

    SOLUTION

    The above system is equivalent to the matrix


    equation

    MAY 2014

    WS Chapter 5 System of Equations

    20

    We solve this matrix equation by multiplying


    each side by the inverse of A
    Multiply both sides
    with

    Associative property
    Property of inverses
    Property of identity matrix

    MAY 2014

    WS Chapter 5 System of Equations

    21

    In the previous example (refer slide 19),


    we showed that

    Thus,

    MAY 2014

    WS Chapter 5 System of Equations

    22

    Lets practice.
    Solve each system of equations using the
    inverse matrix.
    1.

    MAY 2014

    1.

    2.

    WS Chapter 5 System of Equations

    23

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