Y-Δ transform: Names

Y- transform
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Y- transform, also written wye-delta and also known by many other names, is a mathematical technique to simplify the analysis of
an electrical network. The name derives from the shapes of the circuit diagrams, which look respectively like the letter Y and the Greek
capital letter . This circuit transformation theory was published by Arthur Edwin Kennelly in 1899.[1] It is widely used in analysis of threephase electric power circuits.
The Y- transform can be considered a special case of the star-mesh transform for three resistors.
Names
Illustration of the transform in its T- representation,
The Y- transform is known by a variety of other names, mostly based upon the two shapes involved, listed in either order. TheY, spelled
out as wye, can also be called T or star; the , spelled out as delta, can also be called triangle, (spelled out aspi), or mesh. Thus,
common names for the transformation include wye-delta or delta-wye, star-delta, star-mesh, or T-.
Basic Y- transformation
and Y circuits with the labels which are used in this article.
The transformation is used to establish equivalence for networks with three terminals. Where three elements terminate at a common node
and none are sources, the node is eliminated by transforming the impedances. For equivalence, the impedance between any pair of
terminals must be the same for both networks. The equations given here are valid for complex as well as real impedances.
Equations for the transformation from -load to Y-load 3-phase circuit

The general idea is to compute the impedance
at a terminal node of the Y circuit with impedances
to adjacent node in the
circuit by
where
are all impedances in the circuit. This yields the specific formulae
Equations for the transformation from Y-load to -load 3-phase circuit

The general idea is to compute an impedance
where
and
edges are thus
in the circuit by
is the sum of the products of all pairs of impedances in the Y circuit

is the impedance of the node in the Y circuit which is opposite the edge with
. The formula for the individual
Circuit Analysis: Techniques for Solving -load to Y-load in 3 phase circuits

A given three phase circuit that has a combination of -loads and Y-loads should be converted to the Y configuration. By
converting from to Y, each circuit element/phase can be analyzed separately. Converting from to Y is an technique
aimed to simplify circuit analysis. (Note: harmonic behavior from the original circuit remained unchanged). The conversion
from the notation to Y notation is as follows.
A proof of the existence and uniqueness of the transformation

The feasibility of the transformation can be shown as a consequence of superposition theorem in electric circuit. A
short proof, rather than derived as a corollary of the more generalstar-mesh transform, can be given as follows. The
equivalence lies in the statement that for any external voltages (
,
and
), the corresponding currents (
and
and
) applying at the three nodes (
) are exactly the same for both the Y and circuit, and vice
versa. In this proof, we start with given external currents at the nodes. According to superposition theorem, the
voltages can be obtained by studying the linear summation of the resulting voltages at the nodes of following three
problems: apply at the three nodes with current (1)
,
and (3)
laws, one has
, ,
, , (2) ,
. It can be readily shown that due toKirchhoff's circuit
. One notes that now each problem is relatively simple, since it only involves one
single ideal current source. To obtain exactly the same outcome voltages at the nodes for each problem, the
equivalent resistances in two circuits must be the same, this can be easily found by using the basic rules of series and
parallel circuits:
Though usually six equations are more than enough to express three variables (
three variables(
) in term of the other
), here it is straightforward to show that these equations indeed lead to the above
designed expressions. In fact, the superposition theorem not only establishes the relation between the values of
the resistances, but also guarantees the uniqueness of such solution.
Simplification of networks
Resistive networks between two terminals can theoretically be simplified to a single equivalent resistor (more
generally, the same is true of impedance). Series and parallel transforms are basic tools for doing so, but for
complex networks such as the bridge illustrated here, they do not suffice.
The Y- transform can be used to eliminate one node at a time and produce a network that can be further
simplified, as shown.
Transformation of a bridge resistor network, using the Y- transform to eliminate node D, yields an equivalent network that may
readily be simplified further.
The reverse transformation, -Y, which adds a node, is often handy to pave the way for further simplification as
well.
Transformation of a bridge resistor network, using the -Y transform, also yields an equivalent network that may readily be simplified
further.
Graph theory
In graph theory, the Y- transform means replacing a Y subgraph of a graph with the equivalent subgraph. The
transform preserves the number of edges in a graph, but not the number of vertices or the number of cycles. Two
graphs are said to be Y- equivalent if one can be obtained from the other by a series of Y- transforms in either
direction. For example, the Petersen family is a Y- equivalence class.
Demonstration
-load to Y-load transformation equations[edit]
and Y circuits with the labels that are used in this article.
To relate
from to
from Y, the impedance between two corresponding nodes is
compared. The impedance in either configuration is determined as if one of the nodes is disconnected from the
circuit.
The impedance between N1 and N2 with N3 disconnected in :
To simplify, let
be the sum of
Thus,
The corresponding impedance between N1 and N2 in Y is simple:
hence:
(1)
Repeating for
(2)
and for
(3)
From here, the values of
can be determined by linear combination
(addition and/or subtraction).

For example, adding (1) and (3), then subtracting (2) yields
thus,
where
For completeness:
(4)
(5)
(6)
Y-load to -load transformation

equations[edit]
Let
.
We can write the to Y equations as
(1)
(2)
(3)
Multiplying the pairs of equations yields
(4)
(5)
(6)
and the sum of these equations
is
(7)
Factor
from the
right side, leaving
in
the numerator, canceling

with an
in the
denominator.
(8)
Note the similarity
between (8) and
{(1),(2),(3)}
Divide (8) by (1)
which is
the
equation
for
Dividing
(8) by (2)
or (3)
(expressio
ns
for
or
) gives
the
remaining
equations.

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Y- transform

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Illustration of the transform in its T- representation,

Equations for the transformation from -load to Y-load 3-phase circuit

at a terminal node of the Y circuit with impedances

to adjacent node in the

Equations for the transformation from Y-load to -load 3-phase circuit

is the sum of the products of all pairs of impedances in the Y circuit

. The formula for the individual

Circuit Analysis: Techniques for Solving -load to Y-load in 3 phase circuits

A proof of the existence and uniqueness of the transformation

), the corresponding currents (

) applying at the three nodes (

laws, one has

. It can be readily shown that due toKirchhoff's circuit

) in term of the other

-load to Y-load transformation equations[edit]

from Y, the impedance between two corresponding nodes is

The corresponding impedance between N1 and N2 in Y is simple:

can be determined by linear combination

(addition and/or subtraction).

Y-load to -load transformation

right side, leaving

the numerator, canceling

Divide (8) by (1)

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