Chapter 15

Paul Jones
American Pageant Chapter 15
1. Dorothea Dix
Dorothea Lynde Dix was an American activist on behalf of the indigent insane who,
through a vigorous program of lobbying state legislatures and the United States Congress,
created the first generation of American mental asylums. During the Civil War, she
served as Superintendent of Army Nurses.
2. Oliver Wendell Holmes
Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr., was an American physician, professor, lecturer, and
author. Regarded by his peers as one of the best writers of the 19th century, he is
considered a member of the Fireside Poets. His most famous prose works are the
"Breakfast-Table" series, which began with The Autocrat of the Breakfast-Table (1858).
He is recognized as an important medical reformer.
3. James Fenimore Cooper
James Fenimore Cooper was a prolific and popular American writer of the early 19th
century. He is best remembered as a novelist who wrote numerous sea-stories and the
historical novels known as the Leatherstocking Tales, featuring frontiersman Natty
Bumppo. Among his most famous works is the Romantic novel The Last of the
Mohicans, often regarded as his masterpiece.
4. Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Elizabeth Cady Stanton was an American social activist abolitionist, and leading
figure of the early woman's movement. Her Declaration of Sentiments, presented at the
first women's rights convention held in 1848 in Seneca Falls, New York, is often credited
with initiating the first organized woman's rights and woman's suffrage movements in the
United States.
5. Edgar Allen Poe
Edgar Allan Poe was an American writer, poet, editor and literary critic, considered
part of the American Romantic Movement. Best known for his tales of mystery and the
macabre, Poe was one of the earliest American practitioners of the short story and is
considered the inventor of the detective-fiction genre. He is further credited with
contributing to the emerging genre of science fiction. He was the first well-known
American writer to try to earn a living through writing alone, resulting in a financially
difficult life and career.
6. Susan B. Anthony
Susan Brownell Anthony was a prominent American civil rights leader who played a
pivotal role in the 19th century women's rights movement to introduce women's suffrage
into the United States. She traveled the United States and Europe, and gave 75 to 100
speeches every year on women's rights for 45 years.
7. Nathaniel Hawthorne
Nathaniel Hawthorne was an American novelist and short story writer, perhaps known
best for his work “The Scarlet Letter.”
8. Ralph Waldo Emerson
Ralph Waldo Emerson was an American essayist, philosopher, and poet, best
remembered for leading the Transcendentalist movement of the mid 19th century. His
teachings directly influenced the growing New Thought movement of the mid 1800s.
9. Henry David Thoreau
Henry David Thoreau was an American author, poet, naturalist, tax resister,
development critic, surveyor, historian, philosopher, and leading transcendentalist. He is
best known for his book Walden, a reflection upon simple living in natural surroundings,
and his essay, Civil Disobedience, an argument for individual resistance to civil
government in moral opposition to an unjust state.
10. Herman Melville
Herman Melville was an American novelist, short story writer, essayist and poet who
is often classified as part of dark romanticism. He is best known for his novel Moby-Dick
and novella Billy Budd, the latter which was published posthumously.
11. Joseph Smith
Joseph Smith, Jr. was the founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, also known as
Mormonism, and an important religious and political figure during the 1830s and 1840s.
In 1827, Smith began to gather a religious following after announcing that an angel had
shown him a set of golden plates describing a visit of Jesus to the indigenous peoples of
the Americas. In 1830, Smith published what he said was a translation of these plates as
the Book of Mormon, and the same year he organized the Church of Christ.
12. Walt Whitman
Walter Whitman was an American poet, essayist, journalist, and humanist. He was a
part of the transition between Transcendentalism and realism, incorporating both views in
his works. Whitman is among the most influential poets in the American canon, often
called the father of free verse. His work was very controversial in its time, particularly his
poetry collection Leaves of Grass, which was described as obscene for its overt sexuality.
13. Brigham Young
Brigham Young (June 1, 1801 – August 29, 1877) was an American leader in the
Latter Day Saint movement and a settler of the western United States. He was the
president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 1847
until his death and was the founder of Salt Lake City and the first governor of Utah
Territory, United States. Brigham Young University was named in his honor.
14. Hudson River School
The Hudson River School was a mid-19th century American art movement embodied
by a group of landscape painters whose aesthetic vision was influenced by romanticism.
Their paintings depict the Hudson River Valley and the surrounding area, including the
Catskill, Adirondack, and the White Mountains.
15. American Temperance Society
The American Society for the Promotion of Temperance or better known as the
American Temperance Society (ATS) was a society established on February 13, 1826 in
Boston, MA. Within five years there were 2,220 local chapters in the U.S. with 170,000
members who had taken a pledge to abstain from drinking distilled beverages. Within ten
years, there were over 8,000 local groups and more than 1,500,000 members who had
taken the pledge.
16. Unitarianism
Unitarianism as a theology is the belief in the single personality of God, in contrast to the
doctrine of the Trinity (three persons in one God). [1] Unitarianism as a movement is
based on this belief, and, according to its proponents, is the original God-concept of
Christianity.
17. Mormons
Mormonism comprises the religious, institutional, and cultural elements of the early
Latter Day Saint movement and its modern denominations deriving from the leadership
of Brigham Young. Most specifically, the term Mormonism is used to refer to The
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), Mormon fundamentalism, the
Restoration Church of Jesus Christ, and other Latter Day Saint groups that view Brigham
Young as a legitimate Prophet-president. The term does not generally refer to other
branches of the Latter Day Saint movement such as the Community of Christ (formerly
the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints) that are not Brighamites,
even though they believe in the Book of Mormon. The term Mormonism derives from
the, Book of Mormon, one of the faith's religious texts. Based on the name of that book,
early followers of founder Joseph Smith, Jr. were called Mormons, and their faith was
called Mormonism. The term was initially considered pejorative but is no longer
considered so.

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