Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 825 views

    Hydrometer Analysis

    Uploaded by

    tharindu harshitha
    This document describes the procedure for performing a hydrometer analysis according to ASTM D422 to measure the particle size distribution of soils. The key steps are: 1) preparing a soil-water mixture, 2) running the mixture through a mechanical stirrer and allowing it to settle over time, 3) taking hydrometer and temperature readings at specified intervals, and 4) using the readings to calculate the particle diameters and percentages passing at each interval. Tables of correction factors for specific gravity and temperature are also provided to improve accuracy of calculations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Hydrometer Analysis

    Uploaded by

    tharindu harshitha
    825 views4 pages
    This document describes the procedure for performing a hydrometer analysis according to ASTM D422 to measure the particle size distribution of soils. The key steps are: 1) preparing a soil-water mixture, 2) running the mixture through a mechanical stirrer and allowing it to settle over time, 3) taking hydrometer and temperature readings at specified intervals, and 4) using the readings to calculate the particle diameters and percentages passing at each interval. Tables of correction factors for specific gravity and temperature are also provided to improve accuracy of calculations.

    Original Description:

    Hydrometer Analysis (For Mechanical Engineering students )

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document describes the procedure for performing a hydrometer analysis according to ASTM D422 to measure the particle size distribution of soils. The key steps are: 1) preparing a soil-water mixture, 2) running the mixture through a mechanical stirrer and allowing it to settle over time, 3) taking hydrometer and temperature readings at specified intervals, and 4) using the readings to calculate the particle diameters and percentages passing at each interval. Tables of correction factors for specific gravity and temperature are also provided to improve accuracy of calculations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    825 views4 pages

    Hydrometer Analysis

    Uploaded by

    tharindu harshitha
    This document describes the procedure for performing a hydrometer analysis according to ASTM D422 to measure the particle size distribution of soils. The key steps are: 1) preparing a soil-water mixture, 2) running the mixture through a mechanical stirrer and allowing it to settle over time, 3) taking hydrometer and temperature readings at specified intervals, and 4) using the readings to calculate the particle diameters and percentages passing at each interval. Tables of correction factors for specific gravity and temperature are also provided to improve accuracy of calculations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    1

    Civil & Environmental Engineering Department

    HYDROMETER ANALYSIS (ASTM D 422)


    Application

    Hydrometer analysis is done to measure the proportion of particles smaller than


    0.075 mm.

    Equipment

    ASTM 152H Hydrometer


    Mixer cup
    Two 1000 cc graduated cylinder
    Thermometer
    Constant Temperature Bath
    Sodium hexametaphosphate
    Spatula
    Beaker
    Balance
    Squeeze bottle
    Rubber Stopper

    Procedure
    1.

    2.

    3.
    4.

    5.
    6.

    7.

    8.

    9.

    Combine 50g (Md) of the soil passed through #40 sieve with 125 ml of sodium
    hexametaphosphate solution (4%) in a 250 ml glass beaker. Allow the mixture to
    soak for 16 hours (for demonstration today, 30 minutes will be enough).
    Transfer all of the mixtures to an ASTM D422-specified dispersion cup. Wash
    all the soil solids from inside of the beaker into the dispersion cup. Fill the cup
    with water (half of the cup).
    Stir the mixture with a mechanical stirrer at the rate of 10,000 rpm for one
    minute.
    Pour the slurry into a 1000 ml etched cylinder and fill with distilled water to
    just below the etch mark. Wash all the slurry from cup into the cylinder using
    squeeze bottle.
    Using a rubber stopper, mix the soil water mixture by turning it upside down and
    back at a rate of 1 turn per second for 1 minute.
    Set the cylinder on a water bath (or table) and start the timer immediately.
    Wash the remaining soil off the stopper and lip of the cylinder with the squeeze
    bottle and fill the cylinder to the etch mark with distilled water.
    Insert the hydrometer slowly and take the first hydrometer reading at 2 min,
    with subsequent readings at 5, 15, 30, 60, 240, and 1440 minutes. The
    hydrometer reading is taken at top of the meniscus.
    Remove the hydrometer after each reading, and place it in a 1000 ml cylinder
    filled with distilled water between readings. Spin the hydrometer in the watercylinder to take off the adhered soil particles.
    Record the temperature of the mixture.

    EGCE 324L (Soil Mechanics Laboratory)


    Instructor: Binod Tiwari, PhD

    Spring 2008
    Date: 2/4/2008

    2
    Civil & Environmental Engineering Department

    Calculations
    1.

    Calculate diameter of particle at time t.

    D=k

    L
    t

    K can be calculated for given Gs and temperature using Table 1.


    L (in cm) = 16.3 0.463 R
    2. Percentage passing for the specific diameter is calculated as,

    P' =

    ( R b) a
    100%
    Md

    Values of a and b can be calculated using Table 2.


    3. Calculate overall % passing as,

    P = P' P # 40
    Table 1 Value of K for different Gs and Temperature

    EGCE 324L (Soil Mechanics Laboratory)


    Instructor: Binod Tiwari, PhD

    Spring 2008
    Date: 2/4/2008

    3
    Civil & Environmental Engineering Department
    Table 2 Values of Correction Factors a with Gs
    Gs
    2.5
    2.55
    2.6
    2.65
    2.7
    2.75
    2.8
    2.85

    a
    1.03
    1.02
    1.01
    1.00
    0.99
    0.98
    0.97
    0.96

    Table 3 Values of Correction Factors b with temperature


    Temperature
    (oC)
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24

    EGCE 324L (Soil Mechanics Laboratory)


    Instructor: Binod Tiwari, PhD

    b
    5.9
    5.6
    5.3
    5.0
    4.7
    4.4
    4.1
    3.8

    Spring 2008
    Date: 2/4/2008

    4
    Civil & Environmental Engineering Department

    GRAIN SIZE ANALYSIS HYDROMETER MEASUREMENT (ASTM D422)


    LABORATORY DATA SHEET
    I. GENERAL INFORMATION
    Tested by:
    Lab partners/organization:
    Client: CSUF CEED
    Boring no.: N/A
    Recovery date: N/A
    Soil description:

    Date tested:
    Project: EGCE 324L
    Recovery depth: N/A
    Recovery method: N/A

    II. TEST DETAILS


    Hydrometer manufacturer/serial no.:
    Mixer manufacturer/serial no.:
    Scale type/serial no./precision:
    Duration of initial soaking period:
    Concentration of sodium hexametaphosphate solution: 4%
    Dry mass of soil used (Md):
    Specific gravity of soil solids:
    Temperature:
    K:
    a:
    Notes, observations, and deviations from ASTM D422 test standard:

    b:

    III. MEASUREMENTS AND CALCULATIONS


    Clock Time
    (hh:mm:ss)

    t
    (min)

    L
    (cm)

    D
    (mm)

    P
    (%)

    P
    (%)

    IV. EQUATION AND CALCULATION SPACE


    L = 16.3 0.163R
    ( R b )a
    P' =
    x 100%
    Md

    EGCE 324L (Soil Mechanics Laboratory)


    Instructor: Binod Tiwari, PhD

    D=K L/t

    P = P(P-#40)

    Spring 2008
    Date: 2/4/2008

    You might also like