AREAS OF BOUNDED REGIONS

APPLICATIONS OF INTEGRALS
AREA UNDER SIMPLE CURVE
1.
The area of the region bounded by a curve y = f(x), x =a, x = b, and the x - axis.
Case I
When the curve y = f(x) lies above the x-axis.
Y
y = f(x)
The area bounded by the curve y = f(x), the x-axis

and the ordinates x = a and x = b is given by y dx

a

Case II

C
O

When the curve y = f(x) lies below the x-axis.

D
b

b
B

The area bounded by the curve y = f(x), the x-axis,

Y
X

a
A

and the ordinaes x = a and x = b is given by ( -y ) dx

a

2.

The Area of the Region Bounded by a Curve x = f(y),

The Abscissae y = c, y = d and the y -axis.

y=d

x dy

Case II When the curve x = f(y) lies to the left of the y-axis.
The area bounded by the curve x = f(y), the y-axis

and the abscissae y = c and y = d is given by

Case I When the curve x = f(y) lies to the right of the y -axis.
The area bounded by the curve x = f(y), the y-axis

y=f(x)

D
x=f(y)

y=c

X
Y

Y
y=d
x=f(y)
d

and the absissa y = c and y = d is given by ( -x ) dy

c

y=c
X

O
Y
Y

The Area Bounded by Curve y = f(x), Ordinates x = a

and x = b and x -axis is given by

, where a < c < b.

The Area Between Two Curves

Case I
The area bounded by two curves y = f(x) and
y = g(x), which are intersected by the ordinates x = a and

x=a

x=c

x=b

Y
y=f(x)

y=g(x)
X

x = b is given by [f ( x ) - g( x )]dx

4.

(-y)dx

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ydx +

A=

y = f(x)

3.

6.1

Case II

AREAS OF BOUNDED REGIONS

Y
The area bounded by two curves y = f (x)
y=f(x)

and y = g(x) is given by {f ( x ) - g( x)} dx ,

a

Case III

The area bounded by two curves x = f(y)

y=g(x)

Y
Y

{f( y ) - g( y)}dx ,

y=d

and radius = g2 + f 2 - c
2.
(i)

X
O

SOME STANDARD CURVES

1.
Circle
(i)
x2 + y2 = a2 represents a circle with centre at
(0,0) and radius = a. It is symmetric about both
the axes.
(ii)
(xa)2 + (y b)2 = a2 represents a circle with
centre at (a, b) and radius = a.
(iii)
x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 represents the
general equation of a circle with centre at (g, f)

6.2

y=c

where c and d are ordinates of the points of intersection

of the two curves.

(h)g= x

=
)f
(h

and x = g(y) is given by

x=b

x=a

where a and b are the abscissae of the points of intersection X

of the two curves.

Y
Y
B(0,a)
a
a

X
A(a,0)

O (0,0)

Parabola
L
x=a
y2 = 4ax, where a > 0 or y2 = 4ax,
Latus rectum
F
whre a < 0 (standard equation) X
X
F
O
X
It is symmetric about x -axis,
Latus rectum
x=a
where O is the vertex,
L
F is the focus, LL
L
Y
is the latus rectum :
2
y = 4ax, a > 0
LL' ^ X' X; X' X being the axis of the parabola.
x2 = 4by, where b > 0 or x2 = 4by, where b < 0

(ii)

It is symmetric about y-axis,

where LL is the latus rectum.

Y
Latus rectum
y=b

L
y=b

Latus rectum
Y
x2 = 4by, b < 0

O is the vertex, F is the focus,

LL is the latus rectum, LL' ^ YY' .

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x2

= 4by, b > 0

AREAS OF BOUNDED REGIONS

3
3.

Ellipse

Y
B(0,b)

x2 y2
+
= 1 represents an ellipse with centre at (0, 0).
a 2 b2

A(a,0)

It is symmetric about both the axes, meeting x-axis at (a, 0)

and y-axis at (0, b) and a > b. Here, AA = 2a = length of
major axis. BB = 2b = length of minor axis.

A(a,0)

O (0,0)
B(0,b)
Y

SOLVED PROBLESM

0Ex.1 Using integration, find the region bounded by the line 2y + x = 8 or, (2y = x + 8) the x-axis
and the lines x = 2 and x = 4.
Y
Sol. Here, the given line is
y=

2y + x = 8

1
2

(8 x)

....(1)

\ the required area (shaded region) bounded by the line,

the x-axis and the line x = 2 and x = 4
4

Ex.2
Sol.

x=2

1
= ydx =
(8 - x )dx
2
2
2

1
x
8x -
2
2 2
2

P(x,y)
C
2y + x = 8

[From (1)]

x=4
X

1
2

= = [(32 8) (16 2)] = 5 sq. units.

Find the area of the region bounded by the parabola y2 = 4x and y = 2x

The points of intersection of y2 = 4x and y = 2x and O(0, 0) and A(1, 2)
Here, we take y2 = 4x or y = 2 x as f(x)
and y = 2x as g(x), where f(x) g(x) in [0, 1]
Y
A(1,2)
Therefore,
Area of the shaded region

y=2x

= [f ( x ) - g( x )]dx

(1,0)

= ( 2 x - 2x ) dx
0

2
x2
2 1
= 2 x 3 / 2 - = 2 -
3
2
3 2

Ex.3
Sol.

y2=4x

1
sq. units
3

Find the area of the smaller region enclosed between the circle x 2 + y2 = 4 and the line x + y = 2.
The points of intersection of x2 + y2 = 4 and the line x + y = 2 are A(2, 0) and B(0, 2)
Here, we take x2 + y2 = 4 i.e., y = 4 - x 2
as f(x) and x + y = 2 i.e., y = 2 x as g(x),
Y
where f(x) g (x) in [0, 2].
B(0,2)
Therefore,
Area of the shaded region
2

= [f ( x ) - g( x )]dx

A(2,0)
O

= 4 - x 2 - (2 - x ) dx

x 4 - x2
x2
x
=
+ 2 sin -1 - 2x +
2
2

2
0

= 2 sin1(1) 4 + 2 = (p 2) sq. units

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x+y=2

4
Ex.4
Sol.

AREAS OF BOUNDED REGIONS

Find the area of the circle 4x2 + 4y2 = 9 which is interior to the parabola x2 = 4y.
Given equations to the curves are
x2 + y2 =

9
4

...(1)

x2 = 4y

Equation (1) represents a circle whose centre is (0, 0) and radius

...(2)
3
.
2

Equation (2) represents a parabola whose vertex is O(0, 0) and x-axis is y-axis.
From (2), we have
Put y =

x
4

y=

x2
4

in (1), we have
x2 +

A( 2 ,1/ 2)

x
9
=
16 4

x4 + 16x2 36 = 0
2
(x + 18) (x2 2) = 0
x2 = 2 or 18
x= 2
2
(Q x cannot be 18)

x2
y=
4

Taking y =

X
2

on f(x) and y =

[f ( x ) - g( x )] dx

x2
4

as g(x), where f(x) g (x) in [ 2 , 2 ] we have

2
2 9
x2
= 2 [ f ( x) - g( x )] dx = 2 - x 2 - dx
0
0

9
9
-2
- x2
2
3

x
9
2x x
2
9
2x
4
+ sin -1
+ sin -1
= 2 4
= 2

2
8

6
2
8
8 12
8

2 2

2
9

2 2
2 9

+ sin -1
= 2 - 2 + 9 sin -1 2 2 = 2 + sin -1
=
3

6
4

3
12
8
3
4
8
8

Ex.5
Sol.

1
2

9
- x2
4

Required area =

B( 2 ,1/ 2)
4x2 + 4y2 = 9

x2=4y

sq. units

Find the area bounded by curves (x 1)2 + y2 = 1 and x2 + y2 = 1.

Given equations to the curves are
x2 + y2 = 1
...(1)
Y
(x 1)2 + y2 = 1
...(2)
2
2
(x 1) + (1 x ) = 1

x2 2x + 1 + 1 x2 = 1 2x = 1 x =

Requried area
1

1/ 2
= 2 y of circle (2) dx + y of circle (1) dx

0
1/ 2

1
2

1/ 2
= 2 1 - ( x - 1)2 dx +
1 - x 2 dx

0
1/ 2

(1,0)

x=1/2 x=1

1/ 2
1

x 1- x2 1
1
( x - 1) 1 - ( x - 1)
-1
-1
+ sin x)
= 2
+ sin ( x - 1) +
2
2
2
2

0
1/ 2

1

1 1
1
1
1
1 1
1
1
= 2 1 - - sin -1
1 - + sin -1 - - 0 - sin -1( -1) + 0 + sin -1(1) 4 2
4
2
2
4 2
2
2
4

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AREAS OF BOUNDED REGIONS

1 3
1 3
1
1
+ sin -1 - sin -1(-1) + sin -1(1) - sin -1
2 4
2
2
4

=-

3 p p p
3 p
+ - + 4 6 2 2 4
6

=-

3 2p
=
+
2
3

Ex.6
Sol.

sq. units.

Find the area of the region bounded by the curves y = x2 + 2, y = x, x = 0 and x = 3.

Given equations are
y = x2 + 2
...(1)
y=x
...(2)
x=0
...(3)
x=3
...(4)
Equation (1) represetns a parabola with vertex A(0, 2)
Y
y = x2 + 2
and axis is y-axis.
y=x

Equation (2) represents a line passing through (0, 0) and (1, 1)

A(0,2)
Equation (3) represents y-axis
Equation (4) represent a line parallel to y-axis and passX
O
ing through B(3, 0)

=
Ex.7
Sol.

( x 2 + 2)dx - xdx

x3
x2

+ 2x -
3
0 2 0

21
= (9 + 6) - 2 + 0 =
sq. units.

2
2
Required area = 0 a - ( x - a) - ax dx

A(a,a)

2
1 2
2 a 3/2
2
-1 x - a
x
a - ( x - a) + a sin
2
3
a
0

2 1
2 2 1 2 - p
1

= a 2 sin -1(0) - a 2 - a 2 sin -1( -1) =

a - a

3 2
2 2
3
2

Sol.

x=3

Find the area of the region

| (x,y) : x2 + y2 2ax, y2 2ax, a > 0, x 0, y 0|

Ex.8

X
x=0

y(of parabola )dx - y (of line y = x) dx

Required area =
3

B(3,0)

2 2
pa
= 4 - 3 a sq. units.

Using the method of integration, find the area of the triangle ABC, coordinates of whose
vertices are A (2, 0), B(4, 5) and C (6, 3).
Required area = area of the region ABC
= area of the region APB + area of the region
PQCB Area of the region AQC
Y
6
5x - 10
dx + (9 - x )dx 2
4
2
4

5 x2
x2
3 x2
- 2x + 9x - - - 2x
2 2
2
4
2
2
4

= 7 sq. units.

B(4,5)

3x - 6

dx
2
4

C(6,3)

A(2,0)
X O
Y

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AREAS OF BOUNDED REGIONS

UNSOLVED PROBLEMS
EXERCISE I
Q.1

Using integration, find the area of the region bounded by the lines y = 4x + 5, y = 5 x and 4y x = 5.

Q.2

Find the area of the region bounded by the curve x2 = 4y and the lines x = 4y 2

Q.3

Find the area of the region bounded by the curve y = x 2 + 2, y = x, x = 0 and x = 3

Q.4

Find the area of the region enclosed between the parabola y2 = x and the line x + y = 2 in the first
quadrant.

Q.5

Find the area of the smaller part of the circle x2 + y2 = a2 cut off by the line x =

Q.6

Find the area of the region in the first quadrant enclosed by the x-axis, the line y = x and the circle x2 + y2 = 32.

Q.7

Find the area of the region bounded by the curve y = 1 - x 2 , the line y = x and the positive x-axis.

Q.8

Find the area of the smaller region bounded by the ellipse

Q.9

Find the area included between the curves y2 = 4ax and x2 = 4ay, a > 0

Q.10

Draw the rough sketch of y2 = x + 1 and y2 = x + 1 and determine the area enclosed by the two curves.

Q.11

Calculate the area of the region enclosed between the circle x2 + y2 = 4 and (x 2)2 + y2 = 4

Q.12

Using integration, find the area of the circle x2 + y2 = 16 which is exterior to the parabola y2 = 6x

Q.13

Sketch the region common to the circle x2 + y2 = 16 and the parabola x2 = 6y. Also find the area of the
region, using integration

Q.14

Sketch the graph of y = |x + 3|. Evaluate | x + 3 | dx What does the value of the integral represent on the

a
2

x y
x2 y2
+
= 1 and the line + = 1
a b
a 2 b2

graphs ?
Q.15

Using integration find the area of the region bounded by the following curves after making a rough sketch :
y = 1 + |x 1|, x = 3, x = 3 and y = 0

Q.16

Find the area of the region {(x, y) : x2 + y2 1 x + y}

Q.17

Find the area of the region {(x, y) : x2 y |x|}

Q.18

Find the area of the region : {(x, y) : 0 y (x2 + 1), 0 y (x + 1)}, 0 x 2}

Q.19

Find the area of the region : {(x,y) : x2 + y2 2ax}, y2 ax, x 0, y 0

Q.20

Find the area bounded by the curve y = sin x between x = o and x = 2p.

ANSWER KEY
1.
9.

15
2

9
8

2.

16a2
3

10.
p

15. 16 16. 4 - 2

3.
8
3

21
2

4.

7
6

5.

a 2 p - 1
2 2

8p

11. 3 - 2 3

17.

1
3

12.

18.

23
6

6. 4p

4p + 3
8p - 3

7.
13.

pa2

p
8

16p + 4 3
3
2a2

19. 4 - 3

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8.

abp
4

14. 9

20. 4

ab
2

AREAS OF BOUNDED REGIONS

BOARD PROBLES
Q.1

Using integration, find the area of the region, given :

{(x, y) : 0 y x2 + 1 ; 0 y x + 1, 0 x 2}

[C.B.S.E. 2001]

Q.2

Using integration, find the area of DPQR where P is (2, 1) Q is (3, 4) and R is (5, 2)
[C.B.S.E. 2001]

Q.3

Using integration, find the area of the region bounded by the line 2y + x = 8, x-axis
and the line x = 2 sand x = 4.
[C.B.S.E. 2002]

Q.4

Find the area of the region given by {(x, y) : x2 y |x|}.

Q.5

Using integration, find the area of triangle ABC, whose vertices are A(3,0), B(4, 5)
and C(5, 1)
[C.B.S.E. 2003]

Q.6

Find the area of the following region : {(x, y) : y2 4x, 4x2 + 4y2 9}.

Q.7

Using integration, find the area of the region in the first quadrant enclosed by the x-axis
and the line y = x and the circle x2 + y2 = 32.
[C.B.S.E. 2004]

Q.8

Find the area of the region lying between the parabola y2 = 4ax and x2 = 4ay, where a > 0
[C.B.S.E. 2004]

Q.9

Using integration, find the area of the smaller region bounded by the
curve

x2 y2
+
=1
16 9

and the straight line

[C.B.S.E. 2002]

[C.B.S.E. 2003]

x y
+ =1
4 3

[C.B.S.E. 2005]

Q.10

Find the area enclosed by the parabola y2 = x and the line x + y = 2 and the x-axis.
[C.B.S.E. 2005]

Q.11

Using integration, find the area of the smaller region bounded by the ellipse
and the straight line

x2 y2
+
=1
a 2 b2

x y
+ =1
a b

[C.B.S.E. 2006]

Q.12

Using integration, find the area of the region enclosed between two circles x2 + y2 = 1
and (x 1)2 + y2 =1.
[C.B.S.E. 2006]

Q.13

Using integration, find the area of the region enclosed between the circles x2 + y2 = 1
and (x 1)2 + y2 = 1.
[C.B.S.E. 2007]

Q.14

Find the area of that part of the circle x2 + y2 = 16 which is exterior to the parabola y2 = 6x.
[C.B.S.E. 2007]

Q.15

Find the area of the region bounded by the parabolas y2 = 4ax and x2 = 4ay.

Q.16

Using integration, find the area of the region enclosed between the circles x2 + y2 = 4
and (x 2)2 + y2 = 4.
[C.B.S.E. 2008]

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[C.B.S.E. 2008]

8
Q.17

AREAS OF BOUNDED REGIONS

Find the area of the region included between the parabola y2 = x and the line x + y = 2.
[C.B.S.E. 2009]

Q.18

Using the method of integration, find the area of the region bounded by the lines
2x + y = 4, 3x 2y = 6 and x 3y + 5 = 0
[C.B.S.E. 2009]

Q.19

Find the are of the circle 4x2 + 4y2 = 9 which is interior to the parabola x 2 = 4y.
[C.B.S.E. 2010]

Q.20

Using integration, find the area of the triangle ABC, coordinates of whose vertices are
A(4, 1), B(6, 6) and C(8, 4).
[C.B.S.E. 2010]

Q.21

Sketch the graph of y = |x + 3| and evaluate the area under the curve y = |x + 3|
above x-axis and between x = 6 to x = 0.
[C.B.S.E. 2011]

Q.22

Find the area of the region : {(x, y) : x2 + y2 4, x + y 2}.

[C.B.S.E. 2012]

Q.23

Find the area of the region bourded by the parabola y = x 2 and y = |x|

[C.B.S.E. 2013]

ANSWER KEY
1.

23
6

7. 4p

12.

2p
3

21. 9

3
2

1
3

2. 4

3. 5

4.

8. 16/3

9. 3(p 2)

10. 7/6

2p
3
4
13. 3 - 2 14. (8p 3 )
3

22.

5. 9/2

6.
11.

15.

16 2
a
3

1
3 2

9p
8

ab
(p - 2)
4
8p

16. 3 - 2 3

(p 2)

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9
4

sin

1
3