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    Chapter 1: Basic of Programming: What Is Program?

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    Little Master
    This document provides an overview of basic programming concepts and the C programming language. It discusses what a program is, the need for programming languages and compilers, characteristics of good programs, and the steps for creating a program. It then covers the structure of a C program, provides some simple example C programs, and discusses the history and features of C. The document serves as an introduction to programming and the C language.

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    Chapter 1: Basic of Programming: What Is Program?

    Uploaded by

    Little Master
    80 views4 pages
    This document provides an overview of basic programming concepts and the C programming language. It discusses what a program is, the need for programming languages and compilers, characteristics of good programs, and the steps for creating a program. It then covers the structure of a C program, provides some simple example C programs, and discusses the history and features of C. The document serves as an introduction to programming and the C language.

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    basic of c

    Original Title

    C & C++

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    This document provides an overview of basic programming concepts and the C programming language. It discusses what a program is, the need for programming languages and compilers, characteristics of good programs, and the steps for creating a program. It then covers the structure of a C program, provides some simple example C programs, and discusses the history and features of C. The document serves as an introduction to programming and the C language.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    80 views4 pages

    Chapter 1: Basic of Programming: What Is Program?

    Uploaded by

    Little Master
    This document provides an overview of basic programming concepts and the C programming language. It discusses what a program is, the need for programming languages and compilers, characteristics of good programs, and the steps for creating a program. It then covers the structure of a C program, provides some simple example C programs, and discusses the history and features of C. The document serves as an introduction to programming and the C language.

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    CHAPTER 1: BASIC OF PROGRAMMING

    What is program?
    A finite set of precise & clear instructions given to a computer to achieve a desired
    result.
    Programming languages: C, C++, C#, JAVA, PASCAL, ADA, ALGOL, LOGO, LISP,
    COBOL, FORTRAN etc.

    NEED OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES:


    Why not write programs in English, Hindi, Gujarati, and Marathi etc?
    A sentence in English, Hindi, Gujarati, and Marathi etc may not have just are
    meaning for computers to properly each sentence has to be clear and precise.
    Programming languages when used allows us to write an introduction that has only
    one meaning. It consists of set of predefined rules called SYNTAX.

    NEED OF COMPILER:
    Computers neither understand English, Hindi, Gujarati, nor does it understand any of
    the programming languages, it only understand 1 and 0. So to converter a program
    (source code) into 1 and 0 a special translator program is used called compiler. It
    converts source code into machine understandable language (1, 0) known as object
    code (obj file). The object code is then linked if need with library functions giving
    executable word (exe.file). The process of linking is done by a program called linker
    and than a program called loader, loads the program in memory along with the data
    required to give us the output. Fig1.2 shows the process of getting output.

    CHARACTERISTIC OF A GOOD PROGRAM:

    Program must end after finite number of steps.


    Instruction must be precisely defined i.e. no multiple meanings.
    Instruction must be effective i.e. should be carried out exactly.
    A program may take zero or more inputs.
    A program may produce one or more outputs.

    STEPS FOR CREATING A PROGRAM:


    1] What is to be done?
    2] What are the requirements?
    3] Algorithms: An algorithm is a sequence of logical steps required to perform a
    specific task.

    4] Flowchart: It is a graphical representation of sequence of operations. It used


    different shapes to represent different instructions.
    Following are useful symbols for representing the flowchart:

    Circle

    connector

    5] Dry run
    6] Code the program
    7] Test & debug the program
    8] Documentation user manual
    Technical manual
    9] Maintenance & upgrade

    CHAPTER 2: BASIC OF C PROGRAMMING

    STRUCTURE OF C PROGRAM

    Documentation
    Symbolic constant definition
    File include section
    Global variable declaration

    Main( )
    {
    Declarations;
    ------------Executable statement;
    -------}
    Function 1 ( )
    {
    }
    Function 2 ( )
    {
    }
    Function n ( )
    {
    }

    MY FIRST PROGRAM
    #include<stdio.h> // include information about standard library //
    main() // defined to be function that expects no arguments, which is indicated by the
    empty list() //
    {
    Printf(PARIMAL); // printf function with argument PARIMAL, it also called string
    constant

    MY SECOND PROGRAM
    Demonstrate use of \n,\t, clrscr(), getch()
    #include<stdio.h>
    Void main( )
    {
    clrscr( ); //clear screen//
    printf(PARIMAL);
    printf(\n\n\n\n\t\t SRLIM);
    getch(); //direct only for o/p//
    }

    HISTORY OF C
    The origin of c has been dated back to 1972 in Bell Laboratory by Dennis.M.Ritchie.
    It was derived from BCPL (Basic Combined Programming languages). It was
    standardised in 1989 by American National Standard Institute (ANSI).

    Features of C
    1] C is a structured language. It allows program to be broken into small pieces
    known as functions. These functions once generated are reusable. A set of such
    functions then becomes a C program.
    2] C is portable language means C program can be run in different OS and compiler
    with negligible modification.
    3] C is middle level language. It is combination of high level and low level
    programming.

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