Cambridge International Examinations

Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education

*5421214333*

CHEMISTRY

0620/31

Paper 3 (Extended)

October/November 2014
1 hour 15 minutes

Candidates answer on the Question Paper.

No Additional Materials are required.
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.
Answer all questions.
Electronic calculators may be used.
A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 12.
You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

The syllabus is approved for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.

This document consists of 12 printed pages.

IB14 11_0620_31/2RP
UCLES 2014

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2
1

(a) Match the following pH values to the solutions given below.

1

10

13

The solutions all have the same concentration.

solution

pH

aqueous ammonia, a weak base

............

dilute hydrochloric acid, a strong acid

............

aqueous sodium hydroxide, a strong base

............

aqueous sodium chloride, a salt

............

dilute ethanoic acid, a weak acid

............
[5]

(b) Explain why solutions of hydrochloric acid and ethanoic acid with the same concentration, in
mol / dm3, have a different pH.
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(c) Measuring pH is one way of distinguishing between a strong acid and a weak acid.
Describe another method.
method .......................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
results ........................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 9]

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3
2

Two macromolecular forms of carbon are graphite and diamond. The structures of graphite and
diamond are given below.

graphite

diamond

(a) Explain in terms of its structure why graphite is soft and is a good conductor of electricity.
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [3]
(b) State two uses of graphite which depend on the above properties.
It is soft ......................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
It is a good conductor of electricity ............................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(c) Silicon(IV) oxide also has a macromolecular structure.
(i)

Describe the macromolecular structure of silicon(IV) oxide.

.............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii)

Predict two physical properties which diamond and silicon(IV) oxide have in common.
.............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 8]

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3

The main use of sulfur dioxide is the manufacture of sulfuric acid.

(a) State two other uses of sulfur dioxide.
....................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) One source of sulfur dioxide is burning sulfur in air.
Describe how sulfur dioxide can be made from the ore zinc sulfide.
....................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(c) The Contact process changes sulfur dioxide into sulfur trioxide.
2SO2(g) + O2(g)

2SO3(g)

the forward reaction is exothermic

temperature 400 to 450 C
low pressure 1 to 10 atmospheres
catalyst vanadium(V) oxide
(i)

What is the formula of vanadium(V) oxide?

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii)

Vanadium(V) oxide is an efficient catalyst at any temperature in the range 400 to 450 C.
Scientists are looking for an alternative catalyst which is efficient at 300 C.
What would be the advantage of using a lower temperature?
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(iii)

The process does not use a high pressure because of the extra expense.
Suggest two advantages of using a high pressure?
Explain your suggestions.
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [4]

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(d) Sulfuric acid is made by dissolving sulfur trioxide in concentrated sulfuric acid to form oleum.
Water is reacted with oleum to form more sulfuric acid.
Why is sulfur trioxide not reacted directly with water?
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 12]

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4

Iron is extracted from the ore hematite in the Blast Furnace.

waste gases

raw materials:
coke, C
iron ore, Fe2O3
limestone, CaCO3

firebrick lining
CO forms
CO2 forms
air
slag
molten iron

(a) The coke reacts with the oxygen in the air to form carbon dioxide.
C + O2 CO2
(i)

Explain why carbon monoxide is formed higher in the Blast Furnace.

.............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii)

Write an equation for the reduction of hematite, Fe2O3, by carbon monoxide.

....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) (i)

Limestone decomposes to form two products, one of which is calcium oxide.

Name the other product.
....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii)

Calcium oxide reacts with silicon(IV) oxide, an acidic impurity in the iron ore, to form slag.
Write an equation for this reaction.
....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(iii)

Explain why the molten iron and the molten slag form two layers and why molten iron is
the lower layer.
.............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(iv)

Suggest why the molten iron does not react with the air.
....................................................................................................................................... [1]

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(c) Iron and steel rust. Iron is oxidised to hydrated iron(III) oxide, Fe2O3.2H2O, which is rust.
(i)

Name the two substances which cause iron to rust.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii)

Explain why an aluminium article coated with aluminium oxide is protected from further
corrosion but a steel article coated with rust continues to corrode.
.............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) There are two electrochemical methods of rust prevention.

(i)

The first method is sacrificial protection.

Explain why the steel article does not rust.

connected
electrically
to steel pipe

steel pipe

block of zinc

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [4]
The second method is to make the steel article the cathode in a circuit for electrolysis.
power
steel girder

bubbles of
hydrogen gas

+
inert anode

sea-water

(ii)

Mark on the diagram the direction of the electron flow.

[1]

(iii)

The steel girder does not rust because it is the cathode. Reduction takes place at the
cathode. Give the equation for the reduction of hydrogen ions.
....................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 19]

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5

Three common pollutants in the air are carbon monoxide, the oxides of nitrogen, NO and NO2, and
unburnt hydrocarbons. They are all emitted by motor vehicles.
(a) Describe how the oxides of nitrogen are formed.
....................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) Describe how a catalytic converter reduces the emission of these three pollutants.
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [4]
(c) Other atmospheric pollutants are lead compounds from leaded petrol.
Explain why lead compounds are harmful.
....................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 7]

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6

Esters, polyesters and fats all contain the ester linkage.

(a) Esters can be made from alcohols and carboxylic acids. For example, the ester ethyl ethanoate
can be made by the following reaction.
CH3COOH + CH3CH2OH CH3COOCH2CH3 + H2O
(i)

Name the carboxylic acid and the alcohol from which the following ester could be made.
O
CH3

CH2

CH2

C
O

CH3

name of carboxylic acid ......................................................................................................

name of alcohol ..................................................................................................................
[2]
(ii)

6.0 g of ethanoic acid, Mr = 60, was reacted with 5.5 g of ethanol, Mr = 46.
Determine which is the limiting reagent and the maximum yield of ethyl ethanoate, Mr = 88.
number of moles of ethanoic acid = .............................................................................. [1]
number of moles of ethanol = ....................................................................................... [1]
the limiting reagent is .................................................................................................... [1]
number of moles of ethyl ethanoate formed = .............................................................. [1]
maximum yield of ethyl ethanoate = ............................................................................. [1]

(b) The following two monomers can form a polyester.

HOOC

COOH

HO

OH

Draw the structural formula of this polyester. Include two ester linkages.

[3]

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(c) Fats and vegetable oils are esters. The formulae of two examples of natural esters are given
below.
CH2

CO2

C17H33

CH2

CO2

C17H35

CH

CO2

C17H33

CH

CO2

C17H35

CH2

CO2

C17H33

CH2

CO2

C17H35

ester 1
(i)

ester 2

One ester is saturated, the other is unsaturated.

Describe a test to distinguish between them.
test ......................................................................................................................................
result with unsaturated ester ..............................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
result with saturated ester ..................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
[3]

(ii)

Deduce which one of the above esters is unsaturated. Give a reason for your choice.
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(iii)

Both esters are hydrolysed by boiling with aqueous sodium hydroxide.

What types of compound are formed?
............................................................... and .............................................................. [2]
[Total: 17]

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7

Nitrogen can form ionic compounds with reactive metals and covalent compounds with non-metals.
(a) Nitrogen reacts with lithium to form the ionic compound lithium nitride, Li3N.
(i)

Write the equation for the reaction between lithium and nitrogen.
....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii)

Lithium nitride is an ionic compound. Draw a diagram which shows its formula, the charges
on the ions and the arrangement of the valency electrons around the negative ion.
Use x for an electron from a lithium atom.
Use o for an electron from a nitrogen atom.

[2]
(b) Nitrogen fluoride is a covalent compound.
(i)

Draw a diagram showing the arrangement of the valency electrons in one molecule of the
covalent compound nitrogen trifluoride, NF3.
Use x for an electron from a nitrogen atom.
Use o for an electron from a fluorine atom.

[2]
(ii)

Lithium nitride has a high melting point, 813 C. Nitrogen trifluoride has a low melting point,
207 C.
Explain why the melting points are different.
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 8]

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 UCLES 2014

Magnesium

Sodium

Calcium

0620/31/O/N/14

Strontium

89

Key

72

b = proton (atomic) number

X = atomic symbol

a = relative atomic mass

*58-71 Lanthanoid series

90-103 Actinoid series

88

Ac

Actinium

Ra

Radium

Fr

Francium

87

Hafnium

Lanthanum

57

178

Hf

40

Zirconium

Zr

91

Titanium

139

Yttrium

22

48

Ti

La

39

89

Scandium

21

227

56

Barium

Caesium

45

Sc

226

55

137

Ba

133

Cs

38

Rubidium

37

88

Sr

85

Rb

20

Potassium

19

40

Ca

39

12

24

Mg

23

Na

Beryllium

Lithium

11

Be

II

Li

51

93

Ta

181

Niobium

Nb

90

58

73

52

96

Mo

184

Protactinium

Thorium

55

Tc
186

Re

144

Nd

92

60

Uranium

238

Neodymium

75

Rhenium

43

Technetium

25

Manganese

Mn
27

59

28

59

29

64

30

65

Ru

101

Iron

190

Pm

Osmium

Os

93

Np
Neptunium

61

Promethium

76

44

Ruthenium

26

56

Fe

Sm

150

Iridium

94

Pu
Plutonium

62

152

Eu

95

Am
Americium

63

Europium

78

Platinum

195

Pt

192

46

Palladium

Pd

106

Nickel

Ni

Ir

Samarium

77

45

Rhodium

Rh

103

Cobalt

Co

Gd

157

Gold

Au

197

Silver

96

64

Curium

Cm

Gadolinium

79

47

Ag

108

Copper

Cu

201

Bk

Terbium

Tb

159

Mercury

Hg

97

Berkelium

65

80

48

Cadmium

Cd

112

Zinc

Zn

11

Dy

162

Thallium

Tl

204

Indium

98

Cf
Californium

66

Es

Holmium

Ho

165

Lead

Pb

207

Tin

99

Einsteinium

67

82

50

119

Sn

115

32

Germanium

Ge

73

Silicon

In

Gallium

Dysprosium

81

49

31

70

Ga

14

28

Si

Carbon

27

Aluminium

13

12

Al

Boron

14

75

Sb

122

Arsenic

As

Bi

209

Fermium

Fm

Erbium

Er

167

Bismuth

100

68

83

51

Antimony

33

15

Phosphorus

31

Nitrogen

N
8

Se

79

Sulfur

32

Oxygen

Po

169

Md

Thulium

Tm

101

Mendelevium

69

84

Polonium

52

Tellurium

Te

128

Selenium

34

16

16

O
9

Yb

173

Astatine

At

Iodine

127

Bromine

Br

80

Chlorine

No
102

Nobelium

70

Ytterbium

85

53

35

17

Cl

35.5

Fluorine

19

Lr

Lutetium

Lu

175

Radon

Rn

Xenon

Xe

131

Krypton

Kr

84

Argon

Ar

40

Neon

103

Lawrencium

71

86

54

36

18

10

Ne

20

Helium

Hydrogen

VII

VI

He

IV

III

The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.).

91

Pa

Th

232

Praseodymium

Cerium

59

141

Pr

140

74

Tungsten

42

Molybdenum

24

Chromium

Cr

Ce

Tantalum

41

23

Vanadium

Group

DATA SHEET
The Periodic Table of the Elements

12

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