Manager Questionnare: Snowmelt Dependent Systems in The United States and Kenya

Manager Survey Version 3
Manager questionnare: Snowmelt dependent systems in The United States and Kenya
This survey is being conducted by Indiana University, Princeton University, and the University of Nairobi, under the direction of Dr. Tom
Evans in the Department of Geography at Indiana University (Email address: cipec@indiana.edu). The focus of this project is on the ability of
farmers to adapt to changes in the availability of water in this area. Every precaution will be taken to maintain the complete
confidentiality of your responses and personal information. If you choose to participate, you may refuse to answer certain questions, or you
may stop participating at any time. Your decision whether or not to participate will not affect your current or future relations with the researchers, Indiana University, or local water associations. Your responses will be summed together with those of roughly 500 other
households in Kenya and only general averages from the analysis will be reported. You will not be identified in any published results from this
project. This survey should take approximately one hour to complete. Respondents will not receive payment for participating. You indicate
your voluntary consent by participating in this interview. If you have questions about your rights as a research participant or have concerns
about the study, you may contact the Indiana University Human Subjects Office at irb@iu.edu.
1. Province: . . . . . . . . . . PROV . . . . . . . ..
2. District: . . . . . . . . . . . DIST . . . . . . . .
3. Location: . . . . . . . . . . . LOC . . . . . . . .
4. Sub-location: . . . . . . . . . SLOC. . . . . . . .
5. Ranch: . . . . . . . . . . . RNCH. . . . . . . .
6. Group ranch: . . . . . . . . . GRNCH . . . . . . .
7. Village/Locality: . . . . . . . VILL. . . . . . . . .
8. Community/scheme name . . . CSNM . . . . . . . .
9. Please list all of the languages that you speak . . . LANG
10. Name of enumerator: . . . . . . . . . . . . ENUM .
11. Date of interview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DATE. .
12. Start and end time: . . . . . . STIME / ETIME. .
Day
Month
Start time
Year
End time
13. Name of supervisor: . . . . . . . . . . . . SUPER.
14. Date supervisor checked . . . . . . . . . . . SUPCH .
Day
Month
Year
15. Name of data entry staff . . . . . . . . . . . .DENTRY
16. Date of data entry . . . . . . . . . . . . . DENTERED. . Day
Month
Year
Page 1
Section 1: Water user association attributes
17. Roughly how old is your community/scheme? . .CSAGE

18. How and why was this community/scheme established? CSOEST
19. Are there any published or written records about the history of your community/scheme? RCRD
Yes
No
No response
20. If yes, where are they available? RCRDAV
21. What is the current size of your community/scheme as measured in:

Members: MSIZE
Households: HSIZE

Acres: ASIZE
22. What proportion of people who could be connected to your community/scheme are not members? NONMBR
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
23. Has the number of members in your community/scheme changed in the past 5 years? CSCHG
Greatly increased
Slightly increased
No change
Slightly decreased
Greatly decreased
24. Is there a great difference in wealth among households in your community/scheme? WLTHV
Large difference
Small difference
No difference
25. If there is a large difference, please describe this difference: WLTHVEX
Page 2
Section 2: Land and water assets

26. Why did the members in your community/scheme start farming here? WHYFM

Farming here is more viable than farming or raising livestock elsewhere.

Government policies that encourage settlement in this area.

Other:
27. If the members in your community/scheme havent farmed here their entire lives, are they better off now than
when they were before they began farming here? BTROFF
Yes
No
No response
28. Please explain your answer to the previous question BTROFFEX
29. How has the total area of land your members cultivate changed in the last 5 years? LNDCHNG
Greatly increased
Slightly increased
No change
Slightly decreased
Greatly decreased
30. If there has been a change, what is the main reason for this change? LNDCHNGEX
31. How did most of your members originally obtain their land? LNDRGHT
Purchased it
Rights granted by:
Inherited it
Rented it
Chief or local authority
Elders
Community
Neighbors
32. Have there been disputes over land use in your community/scheme in the past 5 years? LNDCON
Yes
No
No response
33. Please explain your answer to the previous question: LNDCONEX
34. What are the stream/river sources of water for your community/scheme? RVRSRC
Page 3
Section 3: Agricultural activities and energy use
35. How has the amount of land your members irrigate changed in the last 5 years? IRRCHNG

Greatly increased
Slightly increased
No change
Slightly decreased
Greatly decreased
36. If there has been a change, what is the main reason for this change? IRRCHNGEX
37. How much of the water that your members use for irrigation comes from rivers and streams? RVRS
All
Most
Half
Little
None
38. How much of the water that your members use for irrigation comes from pipes? PIPE
All
Most
Half
Little
None
39. How much of the water that your members use for irrigation comes from wells and boreholes? PIPE
All
Most
Half
Little
None
40. How much do your members pay to join your community/scheme? . . . . JOIN
41. How much do they pay per month to be a member? . . . . . NTWRKCST
42. How much do your members pay per month to pump water to their fields? . PPUMP
43. During the following months of the past year, for how many days were your users without irrigation water?
WOUT
May
Jun
July
2011
Aug Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
2012
Mar
Apr
May
Days with
insufficient water
44. How many times in the past have you attended meetings or workshops held by an agricultural extension officer?
. . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .
. EXTSN .
45. If you have met with an agricultural extension officer, how has this affected your activities? EXTCHNG
Page 4

46. Do you know of anyone in this community/scheme with solar-powered lights, solar electricity, diesel generators,
small-scale hydro power, or another type of energy production that is not connected to KPLC? OFFGRID
Yes
No
No response
47. If yes, is it common, or something only a few have in the community/scheme? OFFGRDCOM
48. If yes, do you know what they use these energy sources for? (light, business activity, entertainment, refrigeration,
etc.) OFFGRDUSE
49. If yes, Do you know how they obtained the power generator? (e.g. available for sale in nearby town, went to
capital to get, NGO brought, businesses brought, etc.) PWROB
50. Do you know of any businesses selling solar lights, panels, etc. in this community/scheme? BSSOL
Yes
No
No response
51. If yes, please describe. What about other types of electricity generation, like wind turbines, diesel generators, etc?
BSTYPE
52. Please describe the programs of any NGOs working in this community/scheme on electricity or energy issues.
NGOENGY
53. Has an NGO ever come to this community/scheme to promote distributed energy generation? NGOVST
Yes
No
No response
54. If yes, please describe. NGOVSTEX
Page 5
Section 4: Rules
55. Describe the rules that govern membership in your community/scheme: MBRRUL
56. How is compliance with these rules monitored and enforced? MBRMON
57. Describe the rules that govern access to land in your community/scheme: LNDRUL
58. How is compliance with these rules monitored and enforced? LNDMON
59. Describe the rules that govern access to water from rivers and streams in your community/scheme: RVRRUL
60. How is compliance with these rules monitored and enforced? RVRMON
61. Describe the rules that govern access to water through pipes in your community/scheme: PIPERUL
62. How is compliance with these rules monitored and enforced? PIPEMON
Page 6
63. In your community/scheme, are water rights tied to land rights? WTRLAND
Water rights are tied to land rights
Water rights can be independent of land rights
Other:
64. Please mark whether water rights for users in your community/scheme are proportional to any of the following:
PROP

The amount of land users own

The amount of labor or financial contributions users are required to make
Not proportional to anything

Other:
65. Do water rights give users the right to use fixed amounts of water, or to take whatever is available for a certain
period of time? RIGHTFRM
Water rights are for fixed amounts of water
Water rights are for whatever is available for a certain period of time
Other:
66. Within your community/scheme, is water distributed by turns along a rotation, or to everyone at once in
proportion to their rights? ROTPROP
Rotational
Proportional
Other:
67. How are conflicts regarding water use resolved within your community/scheme? CONRES
68. Does an external organization play an important role in this conflict resolution process? EXORG
Yes
No
No response
Page 7

69. Does your community/scheme share any of the following water supplies with other communities/schemes?
SHRWTR
Other associations use the same rivers and streams as we do
Other associations use the same pipes as we do
Other associations use the same reservoir or water storage tank as we do
Other associations use the same wells and boreholes as we do
If this is the case, does your community/scheme have agreements with other communities/schemes about how
you share water? WTRAGR
Agreements exist for water from rivers
Agreements exist for water from pipes
Agreements exist for water from tanks
Agreements exist for water from wells and boreholes
70. If there are agreements, how is this water shared amongst your community/scheme and other communities/
schemes? WTRAGREX
71. Do these agreements involve changing water allocations in times of drought and water scarcity? SCRCTY
Yes
No
No response
72. If yes, please describe: SCRCTYEX
73. If another community/scheme violates an agreement, what is the response of your community/scheme and others?
ASSOCRPS
74. Does a government organization play an important role in the management of water within your community/
scheme or nearby communities/schemes? GVTROL
Yes
No
No response
Page 8

75. If yes, please describe this role: GVTROLEX
76. Do the relevant external government organizations respect the authority of your community/scheme to determine
and implement its own rules for water and land use? EXREC
Yes
No
No response
77. Please explain your answer to the previous question: EXRECEX
78. How would you describe the level of trust you and your members have in the government agencies that affect
you? EXTRUST
No trust
Some trust
High trust
79. Have you ever gone to a court or government agency to establish or defend a water right? CRT
Yes
No
No response
80. If yes, were you successful? CRTSCS

Yes
No
No response
81. Have any changes in state/national water law affected your irrigation practices? LAW
Yes
No
No response
82. If so, how? LAWEX
Page 9
Section 6: Disturbances and adaptation
83. What are the five major problems and disturbances that your community/scheme is currently facing. Rank them
from the most important to the least important.
Droughts
Floods
Changes in agricultural commodity prices
Changes in agricultural input prices
Changes in food prices
Changes in access to capital
Political disturbances
1. DISTR01
2. DISTR02
3. DISTR03
4. DISTR04
5. DISTR05
84. Indicate if you agree or disagree with the following sentence: Droughts are a major problem in my community/
scheme. Do you: DRTS
Strongly disagree
Disagree
Neither
Agree
Strongly agre
85. In the last 5 years, do you think that problems caused by droughts have: DRTCHNG
Greatly increased
Slightly increased
No change
Slightly decreased
Greatly decreased
86. During a drought does your community/scheme use different rules than in normal climatic conditions to govern
access to or allocation of land, surface water, or groundwater? DRTRUL
Yes
No
No response
87. If yes, please explain how and in what context? DRTRULEX
88. In the past, did your community/scheme ever permanently change the rules that govern access to or allocation of
land, surface water, or groundwater as a consequence of a drought? DRTADPT
Yes
No
No response
89. If yes, please explain how and in what context? DRTADPTEX
Page 10

90. Indicate if you agree or disagree with the following sentence: Floods are a major problem in my
community/scheme. Do you: FLD
Strongly disagree
Disagree
Neither
Agree
Strongly agree
91. In the last 5 years, do you think that problems caused by floods have: FLDCHNG
Greatly increased
Slightly increased
No change
Slightly decreased
Greatly decreased
92. During a flood does your community/scheme use different rules than in normal climatic conditions to govern access to or allocation of land, surface water, or groundwater? FLDRUL
Yes
No
No response
93. If yes, please explain how and in what context? FLDRULEX
94. In the past, did your community/scheme ever permanently change the rules that govern access to or allocation of
land, surface water, or groundwater as a consequence of a flood? FLDADPT
Yes
No
No response
95. If yes, please explain how and in what context? FLDADPTEX
96. Indicate if you agree or disagree with the following sentence: Changes in the price of obtaining water
are a major problem in my community/scheme. Do you: WTRP
Strongly disagree
Disagree
Neither
Agree
Strongly agree
97. In the last 5 years, do you think that problems caused by changes in water prices have: WTRPCHNG
Greatly increased
Slightly increased
No change
Slightly decreased
Greatly decreased
98. During a change in water prices, does your community/scheme use different rules or agricultural practices than in
normal market conditions? WTRPRUL
Yes
No
No response
99. If yes, please explain how and in what context? WTRPRULEEX
Page 11

100. In the past, did your community/scheme ever permanently change its rules or agricultural practices as a
consequence of a change in water prices? WTRADPT
Yes
101.
No
No response
If yes, please explain how and in what context? WTRADPTEX
102. Indicate if you agree or disagree with the following sentence: Changes in the price of agricultural
commodities are a major problem in my community/scheme. Do you: AGCOM
Strongly disagree
Disagree
Neither
Agree
Strongly agree
103. In the last 5 years, do you think that problems caused by changes in agricultural commodity prices have:
AGCOMCHNG
Greatly increased
Slightly increased
No change
Slightly decreased
Greatly decreased
104. During a change in agricultural commodity prices, does your community/scheme use different rules or
agricultural practices than in normal market conditions? AGCOMRUL
Yes
105.
No
No response
If yes, please explain how and in what context? AGCOMRULEX
consequence of a change in agricultural commodity prices? AGCOMADPT
Yes
107.
No
No response
If yes, please explain how and in what context? AGCOMADPTEX
108. Indicate if you agree or disagree with the following sentence: Changes in the price of agricultural inputs are a
major problem in my community/scheme. Do you: AGIN
Strongly disagree
Disagree
Neither
Agree
Strongly agree
Page 12

109. In the last 5 years, do you think that problems caused by changes in agricultural input prices have:
AGINCHNG
Greatly increased
Slightly increased
No change
Slightly decreased
Greatly decreased
110. During a change in agricultural input prices, does your community/scheme use different rules or agricultural
practices than in normal market conditions? AGINRUL
Yes
111.
No
No response
If yes, please explain how and in what context? AGINRULEX
consequence of a change in agricultural input prices? AGINADPT
Yes
113.
No
No response
If yes, please explain how and in what context? AGINADPTEX
114. Indicate if you agree or disagree with the following sentence: Changes in the price of food are a major
problem in my community/scheme. Do you: FOOD
Strongly disagree
115.
Disagree
Neither
Agree
Strongly agree
In the last 5 years, do you think that problems caused by changes in food prices have: FOODCHNG
Greatly increased
Slightly increased
No change
Slightly decreased
Greatly decreased
116. During a change in food prices, does your community/scheme use different rules or agricultural practices than
in normal market conditions? FOODRUL
Yes
117.
No
No response
If yes, please explain how and in what context? FOODRULEX
118. In the past, did your community/scheme ever permanently change its rules or agricultural practices as a consequence of a change in food prices? FOODADPT
Yes
No
No response
Page 13

119.
If yes, please explain how and in what context? FOODADPTEX
120. Indicate if you agree or disagree with the following sentence: Changes in access to capital are a major
problem in my community/scheme. Do you: CPTL
Strongly disagree
121.
Disagree
Neither
Agree
Strongly agree
In the last 5 years, do you think that problems caused by changes in access to capital have: CPTLCHNG
Greatly increased
Slightly increased
No change
Slightly decreased
Greatly decreased
122. During a change in access to capital, does your community/scheme use different rules or agricultural practices
than in normal conditions? CPTLRUL
Yes
123.
No
No response
If yes, please explain how and in what context? CPTLRULEX
consequence of a change in access to capital? CPTLADPT
Yes
125.
No
No response
If yes, please explain how and in what context? CPTLADPTEX
126. Indicate if you agree or disagree with the following sentence : Political disturbances are a major problem in
my community/scheme. Do you: POL
Strongly disagree
127.
Disagree
Neither
Agree
Strongly agree
In the last 5 years, do you think that problems caused by political disturbances have: POLCHNG
Greatly increased
Slightly increased
No change
Slightly decreased
Greatly decreased
Page 14

128. During a political disturbance, does your community/scheme use different rules or agricultural practices than
in
normal conditions? POLRUL
Yes
129.
No
No response
If yes, please explain how and in what context? POLRULEX
130. In the past, did your community/scheme ever permanently change its rules or agricultural practices as a consequence of a political disturbance? POLADPT
Yes
131.
No
No response
If yes, please explain how and in what context? POLADPTEX
Page 15
Section 7: Trends
132. In your experience, has there been a general change in the amount of water that is available to your
community/scheme? WTRTRND
Greatly increased
Slightly increased
No change
Slightly decreased
Greatly decreased
133. If you perceive there to be a change in water availability, what do you think is the source of this change?
WTRTRNDSRC
134. How much of a decrease in water availability could your community/scheme withstand before your users
would not have enough water to meet their minimum needs? WTRDEC
No decrease could be withstood
A decrease of one tenth of the water we currently have available could be withstood
A decrease of a quarter of the water we currently have available could be withstood
A decrease of half of the water we currently have available could be withstood
A decrease of more than half of the water we currently have available could be withstood
135. In the past 5 years, have you noticed a change in the extent to which the users in your community/scheme
exchange agricultural goods and commodities? GOODEXCH
Greatly increased
Slightly increased
No change
Slightly decreased
Greatly decreased
exchange livestock? LVSTEXCH
Greatly increased
Slightly increased
No change
Slightly decreased
Greatly decreased
exchange capital? CPTLEXCH
Greatly increased
Slightly increased
No change
Slightly decreased
Greatly decreased
exchange water or land rights? RIGHTEXCH
Greatly increased
Slightly increased
No change
Slightly decreased
Greatly decreased
Page 16

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Manager Survey Version 3

6. Group ranch: . . . . . . . . . GRNCH . . . . . . .

8. Community/scheme name . . . CSNM . . . . . . . .

9. Please list all of the languages that you speak . . . LANG

10. Name of enumerator: . . . . . . . . . . . . ENUM .

11. Date of interview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DATE. .

12. Start and end time: . . . . . . STIME / ETIME. .

13. Name of supervisor: . . . . . . . . . . . . SUPER.

14. Date supervisor checked . . . . . . . . . . . SUPCH .

15. Name of data entry staff . . . . . . . . . . . .DENTRY

16. Date of data entry . . . . . . . . . . . . . DENTERED. . Day

Section 1: Water user association attributes

Manager Survey Version 3

17. Roughly how old is your community/scheme? . .CSAGE

20. If yes, where are they available? RCRDAV

21. What is the current size of your community/scheme as measured in:

25. If there is a large difference, please describe this difference: WLTHVEX

Manager Survey Version 3

Section 2: Land and water assets

Government policies that encourage settlement in this area.

28. Please explain your answer to the previous question BTROFFEX

Chief or local authority

33. Please explain your answer to the previous question: LNDCONEX

Section 3: Agricultural activities and energy use

Manager Survey Version 3

Manager Survey Version 3

54. If yes, please describe. NGOVSTEX

Manager Survey Version 3

Manager Survey Version 3

Water rights can be independent of land rights

The amount of land users own

Not proportional to anything

Manager Survey Version 3

Agreements exist for water from pipes

Agreements exist for water from tanks

Agreements exist for water from wells and boreholes

72. If yes, please describe: SCRCTYEX

Manager Survey Version 3

77. Please explain your answer to the previous question: EXRECEX

80. If yes, were you successful? CRTSCS

82. If so, how? LAWEX

Section 6: Disturbances and adaptation

Manager Survey Version 3

87. If yes, please explain how and in what context? DRTRULEX

89. If yes, please explain how and in what context? DRTADPTEX

Manager Survey Version 3

93. If yes, please explain how and in what context? FLDRULEX

95. If yes, please explain how and in what context? FLDADPTEX

99. If yes, please explain how and in what context? WTRPRULEEX

Manager Survey Version 3

If yes, please explain how and in what context? WTRADPTEX

If yes, please explain how and in what context? AGCOMRULEX

If yes, please explain how and in what context? AGCOMADPTEX

Manager Survey Version 3

If yes, please explain how and in what context? AGINRULEX

If yes, please explain how and in what context? AGINADPTEX

If yes, please explain how and in what context? FOODRULEX