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    Sliding Window Protocol

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    sohelhq
    Describe briefly with the help of diagrams why the max window size in sliding window Protocol is one less than the sequence number. For example, if the sequence is: 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 the max window size is: 7

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    Sliding Window Protocol

    Uploaded by

    sohelhq
    665 views4 pages
    Describe briefly with the help of diagrams why the max window size in sliding window Protocol is one less than the sequence number. For example, if the sequence is: 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 the max window size is: 7

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    Describe briefly with the help of diagrams why the max window size in sliding window Protocol is one less than the sequence number. For example, if the sequence is: 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 the max window size is: 7

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    665 views4 pages

    Sliding Window Protocol

    Uploaded by

    sohelhq
    Describe briefly with the help of diagrams why the max window size in sliding window Protocol is one less than the sequence number. For example, if the sequence is: 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 the max window size is: 7

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 4
    At a glance
    Powered by AI
    The key takeaway is that the maximum window size in sliding window protocol should be one less than the sequence number to avoid duplication of frames.

    The maximum window size is one less than the sequence number to avoid confusion when acknowledging frames - if the sizes were equal, the transmitter wouldn't know if an ACK referred to the previous or next window of frames.

    Reducing the window size by one ensures that acknowledgement numbers never match the first frame of the previous window, avoiding potential duplication of frames.

    Sliding Window Protocol

    Describe briefly with the help of diagrams why the max window size in
    sliding window Protocol is one less than the sequence number. For example,
    if the sequence is: 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 the max window size is: 7

    Introduction
    Sliding window protocol also known as windowing is a data link layer protocol
    used to control flow of frames between two nodes. It is used when reliability
    in order to delivery of frames is required. It is used by most the connection
    oriented network protocol like TCP. It is a full duplex protocol which uses Data
    and Acknowledgement (The sequence number of last received frame that is
    correct). Data is transmitted as frames where multiple frames can be sent
    by a transmitter at a time before getting an acknowledgment. Multiple
    frames sent by a transmitter are acknowledged by the receiver using a single
    ACK frame.
    The basic concept of sliding window protocol is that both Transmitter and
    receiver maintain a window. The transmitter maintains the value of expected
    acknowledgment and the receiver maintains the value of expected frame
    that is received. When the transmitter gets an acknowledgment from the
    receiver, the window is advances. On the other hand when the receiver
    receives the expected frame, it advances the window.

    Figure 1: Sliding window with window size 7

    Why the window size is one less than the sequence


    number?
    In the sliding window protocol if we reserve m bit for sequencing, then the
    window size is measured as 2m-1. As an example if we take 4 bit for
    sequencing, the window size would be
    2 4-1 = 15. Each outgoing frame

    contain
    a
    sequence
    number
    that
    ranges
    from
    0
    to
    15
    (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15). So there would be total 16 sequence
    numbers but the window size is 15 which is one less than the sequence
    number. We will now try to figure out why the window size is one less than
    the sequence number.
    Let us assume that we have reserve 3 bit for sequencing. So there would be
    8 sequence number and the window size would be 7 which is one less than
    the sequence number. Now we will first consider the window size is same as
    the
    sequence
    number
    and
    observe
    what
    happened.

    Figure 2: Window size is same as the sequence number.


    In the above Figure 2, The first 4 frames 0,1,2 and 3 were already
    transmitted and acknowledged. So the Transmitter will send the window of
    frames 4,5,6,7,0,1,2 and 3. The window size is 8. Now if the receiver receives
    all the frames correctly, it will send an acknowledgement Ack 4 for the next
    window of frames starting with the frame number 4. But when the
    transmitter will receive the Ack 4 it would become confused whether the
    receiver is asking to resend the same window of frames starting with Frame
    4 or it is looking for the next window of frames starting from frame number
    4. Thus an error would be occurred in this situation.
    To overcome this problem we will now reduce the window size one less than
    the sequence number and observe what happened.

    Figure 3: Window size is one Less than the sequence number


    Now in Figure 3, the transmitter will send window of frames 4,5,6,7,0,1 and
    2. The window size is 7. If all 7 frames successfully receives to the receiver it
    will send and Acknowledgement Ack 3 requesting for the next window of
    Frames starting with 3. The Transmitter will then send next 7 frames
    sequentially starting from 3 to 1, i.e. 3,4,5,6,7,0,1. If the receiver again
    receives all of those frames successfully, it will send an acknowledgement
    Ack 2 to send next window of frames starting with 2. So we can clearly see
    that the Acknowledgement numbers never matches with the first frame
    number of the previous window of frames that has been transmitted and
    thus there is no chance of duplication like the first case.

    Conclusion

    So from the above discussion we can conclude that the maximum window
    size in sliding window Protocol should be one less than the sequence number
    to avoid duplication of frames.

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