Analysis & Simulation Lab Manual

AAMEC- Mechanical Engineering Department
Computer aided simulation and analysis laboratory manual

Ex. No: 1
Date:
Stress Analysis of a Plate with a Circular hole
Problem: A rectangular plate of size 0.5 x 0.25 m with negligible thickness with
a circular hole of diameter 0.125 located at the centre is propped at its end. A force
of 500 N and 250 N is applied on the plate as shown in the figure below. The plate
is made of C 35 steel having youngs modulus 2.060E5, specific weight of 0.0784
N/cc and Poissons ratio 0.3. Determine the maximum deflection and stress
created in the plate and plot the results.
STEPS
1. Specify title for the analysis.
2. Set preference
Preprocessor
3. Select the unit system
4. Select the element type
5. Specify the material properties
6. Create a rectangle and circle for the given dimensions
7. Subtract the circle from the rectangle
8. Mesh the geometry
9. Save the database
Solution
10. Specify the boundary conditions
11. Solve
Postprocessor
12. Plot the deflection and stress diagram
13. Determine the maximum deflection and stress values
Step1: Title specification

File
Change title Specify the title name OK.
Step 2: Set preference

ANSYS Main menu
Preference Check the structural type OK
Step 3: Unit system selection
Preprocessor Material props

Select units Check the SI system of units OK
ANSYS Main menu
Material library
Step 4: Element selection
Element type Add/Edit/Delete

Add Select the Plane 82 element OK Close the element type window.
ANSYS Main menu
Preprocessor
Step 5: Material property specification
Preprocessor Material props Isotropic

Specify the material number Specify the youngs modulus, density and
Poissons ratio in the isotropic material property window OK
ANSYS
Main
menu
Step 6: Creation of Geometry

Rectangle creation:
a. Create key points
b. Connect with lines
c. Create the rectangular plane
a. Key point creation
ANSYS Main menu
Preprocessor Create Key
points
In active CS
In the key point coordinate window specify the key point
number, and x, y & z coordinates value for one corner of the rectangle.
Similarly create the other three key points.
b. Connect with lines

Preprocessor Create Lines Straight

lines Pick the key point 1 & 2 , 2 & 3, 3 &4 and 4& 1 OK
ANSYS Main menu
c. Rectangle creation
ANSYS Main menu
Preprocessor Create Areas
Arbitrary
By lines Select the four lines created in the previous step.

Circle creation
Preprocessor Create Circle Solid

Specify the circle centre and its radius OK.
ANSYS Main menu
circle
Step 7: Subtraction of circle from rectangle:
Preprocessor Operate Subtract Areas

Select the rectangle OK Select the circle OK.
ANSYS Main menu
Step 8: Meshing of Geometry.
Preprocessor Mesh tool In the mesh tool click

the Global set Specify the element edge length OK Mesh Select
the area to be meshed OK
ANSYS Main menu
Step 9: Save the database as .db

Step 10: Boundary conditions specification:
a. Applying constraints
Solution Apply Displacement On Nodes

Select the nodes OK Specify All DOF OK.
ANSYS Main menu
b. Applying forces
Solution Apply Force/Moment On Key

point Select the topmost right corner key point OK Specify the
direction of force and magnitude of force OK
ANSYS Main menu
Similarly apply another force at the lowermost right corner with the given force
value.

Step 11 Solve the domain:

ANSYS Main menu
Solution Solve Current LS.
Save the data base

Step 12: Retrieval of Stress and Deflection plots
General postprocessorLast set Plot

Select the vonmisses stress OK capture the stress plot image
ANSYS Main menu
results
Similarly capture the Deflection plot

RESULT:
Deflection and stress determined in the Plate with a hole for the given
boundary conditions are ______________________.

Ex. No: 2
Date:
Stress Analysis of Rectangular L Bracket
Problem: Analyze the stress in the rectangular L bracket shown in the figure. The
L bracket is made of Cast Iron having youngs modulus 1.000E5 N/mm2,
poissons ratio 0.23 and specific weight 0.072N/cc. A pressure load of 500 N/m2
is applied as shown.
STEPS
2. Set preference
Preprocessor
6. Create the geometry.
7. Subtract the circle from the L shaped bracket
Solution
11. Solve
Postprocessor

RESULT:
Deflection and stress determined in the Plate with a hole for the given
boundary conditions are ______________________.
Ex. No: 3
Stress Analysis of a Axis-symmetric

component
6

Date:
Problem: A long thick-walled pipe is rigidly supported at its ends between two
walls. Determine the maximum deflection in the pipe due to gravity loading.
Determine the maximum tensile stress at the outer surface of the pipe at Y =
4.1666 in.
STEPS
2. Set preference
Preprocessor
7. Divide the lines
Solution
11. Solve
Postprocessor
Step 1 and 2 follow the same procedure as in the exercise 1 and 2.
Step 3:
Specify the unit system as BIN.
Step 4: Select axis symmetric harmonic element as PLANE 25.
Step 5: Follow the same procedure to specify the material property as in the
exercise 1.
Step 6: Creation of Geometry:

Since the geometry given in the problem is axis symmetry, the model
shown below is enough to draw.
Creation of key points
Key point 1 at x = 0.5 and y = 0.
Key point 2 at x = 0.5 and y = 100
Generate two additional key points in the x direction.
Preprocessor
Copy Key points Pick the KP 1 and 2
OK specify the number of copies as 2 and x offset as 1.

Step 7 : Divide the lines:
Create a line joining the key point 1 and 2.
Divide the line in to 12 divisions.
Meshing Size cntrls Lines Picked lines

Select the line OK Specify the number of divisions as 12 and spacing
Preprocessor
ratio as 1.
Similarly create lines L2 between KP 2 and 3 and divide the line in to 1 division.
Line L3 between KP 3 and 4 and divide in to 12 divisions and finally create L4
between 3 and 4 and divide in to 1 division.
Create the area with in the four lines.
Step 8: Mesh the geometry as mapped quadrilateral mesh.
Step 9: Save the database.
Step 10: Applying boundary conditions

Analysis assumption:

The loading g, which is constant in magnitude and direction around the
circumference of the pipe, is applied as the sum of two harmonically varying
loads. Each load has one wave around the circumference and is 90 out of phase
with the other.
Main menu Solution Load Apply

structuralinertiaGravity Specify gravity value as 386 and -386 in
Ansys
x and z coordinate respectively.

Ansys Main menu
Solution load step opts Other For Harmonic
Ele
specify the number of harmonic wave as 1 and check the symmetric
condition.
Constraint the nodes at y = 0 in all DOF
Constraint the nodes at y=100 in Y DOF.
Step 11: Solve the problem
Save the Database.
Postprocessor
Plot the deflection and stress diagram
Determine the maximum deflection and stress values
RESULT:
Deflection and stress determined in the given axis symmetric component
are ______________________.

Ex.No: 4
Date:
Deflection Analysis on T shaped Cantilever

beam
Problem: Find the maximum deflection in an un symmetric T beam subjected to

uniform bending Mz, with dimensions and geometric properties as shown below.
STEPS
2. Set preference
Preprocessor
4. Select the element type as BEAM 54
5. Specify the real constant:
Main menu Preprocessor Real constant Add Select the element OK
Specify the following in the Real constant window:
Cross sectional area
AREA 1
Moment of Inertial about Z
IZ1
Distance from CG to top Y surf
HYT1
Distance from CG to bottom surf
HYB1
Node creation:
10

Main menu
Preprocessor Create Node In
active CS
Specify the coordinate value for the node 1 and 2.

Element creation:
Preprocessor Create Elements Through

nodes Pick the node 1 and 2 OK.
Main menu
Note: In the geometry is created with node and filled with elements, then
there is no need to mesh the geometry.
Solution
a. Constraint all the DOF at the Node 1
b. Specify the moment about z at the node 2 as 100,000 in- lb
10. Solve
Postprocessor
11. Plot the deflection contour.
RESULT:
The maximum deflection determined in the T cantilever beam is
___________.
11

Ex.No: 5
Date:
Natural Frequency of a Spring mass system
Problem: An instrument of weight W is set on a rubber mount system having a

stiffness k. Determine its natural frequency of vibration f.
Analysis assumptions and Modeling notes

The spring length is arbitrarily selected. One master degree of freedom is chosen
at the mass in the spring length direction. The weight of the lumped mass element
is divided by gravity in order to obtain the mass.
Mass = W/g = 2.5/386 = 0.006477 lb-sec2/in.
Steps:
2. Set preference
Preprocessor
3. Select the unit system as BIN
4. Select the element type as a. COMBIN 14 and b. MASS 21.
12

COMBIN14 Element is used for spring and MASS 21 is used as
load acting on the spring.
For the COMBIN 14 element choose the option and specify Use
2/3D DOF opt for K2 and 2-D longitudinal for K3.
Similarly for the MASS 21 element specify parallel to global for
K2 and 2-D w/o rot iner for K3.
Preprocessor Real constant Add Select the

element OK Specify the following in the Real constant window:
5. Main menu
Real constant specification

Specify the real constant as 48 (spring stiffness) for element 1 and
0.006477(load) as mass for element 2.
7. Create the geometry
8. Node creation:
9. Main menu
Preprocessor Create Node In
active CS
Specify the coordinate value for the node 1 and 2.

10. Element creation
Create spring element
11. Main menu

Preprocessor
Create
Elements
Element
attributes choose the element and real constant number Element through
nodes
Pick the node 1 and 2
Create mass element:
OK.
12. Main menu

Preprocessor
Create
Elements
Element
attributes choose the element and real constant number Element through
nodes
Pick the node 2 OK.

Solution
14. Select the analysis type
Main menu
Solution Analysis type New analysis Modal
OK
Solution Analysis type Analysis option check
the reduced option specify 1 for the number of modes to extract
check the Expand mode shapes OK OK.
15. Main menu
13

Master Degree of Freedom specification
solution Master DOFs Define Pick the node

OK Choose the Uy OK.
16. Main menu
Apply constraints:
Apply constraints at node 1 in both directions and at node 2 in x direction
only.
17. Solve.
Postprocessor
18. Main menu
General postprocessor Result summary.
Result: Natural frequency determined for the above spring mass system is ______.
14

Ex.No: 6
Date:
Eigen Frequency modes of a Spring mass

system
Compute the Eigen frequency modes of a spring mass system given below:
E=1N/m2
V=0
F=None applied for modal analysis
X1=5
X2=11
Result: The Eigen modes values are______________
15

Ex.No: 7
Date:
Harmonic response of a Two mass spring

system
Problem: Determine the response amplitude and phase angle for each mass of the
system shown below when excited by a harmonic force (F1sint) acting on mass
m1.
Step 1:
1. Choose menu path Utility Menu

File
Change Title.
2. Type the text "Harmonic Response of Two-Mass-Spring System" and click
on OK.
3. Select the preference as structural.
Step 2: Define the Element Types
16

1. Choose menu path Main Menu
Preprocessor Element Type
Add/Edit/Delete.
2. Click on Add. The Library of Element Types dialog box appears.
3. Scroll down the list on the left to "Combination" and select it.
4. Click once on "Spring-damper 14" in the list on the right.
5. Click on Apply.
6. Scroll up the list on the left to "Structural Mass" and select it.
7. Click once on "3D mass 21" in the list on the right.
8. Click on OK. The Library of Element Types dialog box closes.
9. Click on Close in the Element Types dialog box.
Step 3: Define the Real Constants

Preprocessor
Real Constants.
2. Click on Add. The Element Type for Real Constants dialog box appears.
3. Click once on Type 1 to highlight it.
4. Click on OK. The Real Constants for COMBIN14 dialog box appears.
5. Enter 200 for the spring constant (K) and 0.1 for the damping coefficient
(CV1). Click on OK.
6. Repeat steps 2-4 for Type 2, MASS21.
7. Enter .5 for mass in X direction and click on OK.
8. Click on Close to close the Real Constants dialog box.
Step 4: Create the Nodes
Preprocessor
ModelingCreate Nodes In Active CS.

2. Enter 1 for node number.
3. Enter 0, 0, 0 for the X, Y, and Z coordinates, respectively.
17

4. Click on Apply.
6. Enter 1, 0, 0 for the X, Y, and Z coordinates, respectively.
7. Click on OK.

PlotCtrls
Numbering Controls dialog box appears.
Numbering. The Plot
9. Click once on "Node numbers" to turn node numbers on.

10. Click on OK.
Preprocessor
ModelingCreate Nodes Fill between Nds. A picking menu

appears.
12. In the ANSYS Graphics window, click once on nodes 1 and 4 (on the left
and right sides of the screen). A small box appears around each node.
13. Click on OK on the picking menu. The Create Nodes Between 2 Nodes
dialog box appears.
14. Click on OK to accept the default of 2 nodes to fill. Nodes 2 and 3 appear
in the graphics window.
Step 5: Create the Spring Elements
Preprocessor Modeling
Create
Elements
Auto Numbered- Thru Nodes. A picking
menu appears.
2. In the graphics window, click once on nodes 1 and 2.
3. Click on Apply. A line appears between the selected nodes.
4. Click once on nodes 2 and 3.
5. Click on Apply. A line appears between the selected nodes.
6. Click once on nodes 3 and 4.
7. Click on OK. A line appears between the selected nodes.
18

Step 6: Create the Mass Elements
Create
Elements
Elem Attributes.
2. Enter 2 for element type number.
3. Enter 2 for real constant set number and click on OK.
Create Elements Auto Numbered Thru Nodes. A picking

menu appears.
5. In the graphics window, click once on node 2.

6. Click on Apply.
7. Click once on node 3 and click on OK.
Step 7: Specify the Analysis Type, MDOF, and Load Step Specifications:

Solution
Analysis.
2. Click once on "Harmonic" and click on OK.
Analysis Type New
Solution Analysis Options.
4. Click once on "Full" to select the solution method.

5. Click once on "Amplitud + phase" to select the DOF printout format and
click on OK.
6. Click OK in the Full Harmonic Analysis dialog box.
Output Ctrls
Solution Load Step Opts
Solu Printout.
8. Click on "Last substep" to set the print frequency and click on OK.
Time/Frequenc
Solution Load Step Opts
Freq & Substeps.

19

10. Enter 0 and 7.5 for the harmonic frequency range.
11. Enter 30 for the number of substeps.
12. Click once on "Stepped" to specify stepped boundary conditions.
13. Click on OK.
Step 8: Define Loads and Boundary Conditions
Solution LoadsApply
StructuralDisplacementOn Nodes. A picking menu appears.
2. Click on Pick All. The Apply U, ROT on Nodes dialog box appears.
3. In the scroll box for DOFs to be constrained, click once on "UY" to
highlight it (make sure no other selections are highlighted).
4. Click on OK.
Solution LoadsApply
StructuralDisplacement On Nodes. A picking menu appears.
6. In the graphics window, click once on nodes 1 and 4.

7. Click on OK. The Apply U, ROT on Nodes dialog box appears.
8. In the scroll box for DOFs to be constrained, click once on "UX" to
highlight it and click once on "UY" to de-select it.
9. Click on OK.
Solution LoadsApply
Structural Force/ Moment On Nodes. A picking menu

appears.
11. In the graphics window, click once on node 2.

12. Click on OK. The Apply F/M on Nodes dialog box appears.
13. In the scroll box for direction of force/moment, click once on "FX."
14. Enter 200 for the real part of force/moment and click on OK.
20

Step 9: Solve the Model

Solution
Solve
Current LS.
2. Review the information in the status window and click on Close.
3. Click on OK on the Solve Current Load Step dialog box to begin the
solution.
4. When the solution is finished, a dialog box stating "Solution is done!"
appears. Click on Close.
Step 10: Review the Results
For this sample, you will review the time-history results of nodes 2 and 3.

TimeHist Postpro
Define
Variables. The Defined Time-History Variables dialog box appears.
2. Click on Add. The Add Time-History Variable dialog box appears.
3. Click on OK to accept the default of Nodal DOF result. The Define Nodal
Data dialog box appears.
4. Enter 2 for reference number of variable.
6. Enter 2UX for the user-specified label.
7. In the scroll box on the right, click once on "Translation UX" to highlight
it.
8. Click on OK.
9. Click on Add in the Defined Time-History Variables dialog box. The Add
Time-History Variable dialog box appears.
10. Click on OK to accept the default of Nodal DOF result. The Define Nodal
Data dialog box appears.
11. Enter 3 for reference number of variable.
13. Enter 3UX for the user-specified label.
21

14. In the scroll box on the right, click once on "Translation UX" to highlight
it.
15. Click on OK and click close.

PlotCtrls
The Graph Controls dialog box appears.
Style Graphs.
17. In the scroll box for type of grid, scroll to "X and Y lines" to select it.
18. Click on OK.

TimeHist Postpro
Graph
Variables. The Graph Time-History Variables dialog box appears. Your
graph should look like this:
20. Enter 2 for 1st variable to graph.
21. Enter 3 for 2nd variable to graph.
22. Click on OK. A graph appears in the graphic window.
Step 11: Exit ANSYS
1. In the ANSYS Toolbar, click on Quit.
2. Choose the save option you want and click on OK.
Result: The maximum amplitude is obtained in the frequencies ___________
Ex.No:8
Date:
Temperature Distribution in a short cylinder

(Conductive heat transfer)
Problem: A short solid cylinder is subjected to the surface temperatures shown.

Determine the temperature distribution with in the cylinder.
22

STEPS
15. Set preference as Thermal
Preprocessor
16. Select the unit system as BFT
17. Select the element type SOLID 87
19. Creation of geometry (partial cylinder)
Preprocessor Create Volumes Cylinder

Partial cylinder Specify the following values:
Main menu
Wx = 0
Wy = 0
Rad1 = 0.5
Theta1 = 45 (assumption)
Depth = 0.5
Solution
23

23. Solve
Postprocessor
24. Plot the Temperature distribution.
25. Determine the temperature at the centre line.
Result: The temperature at the centre line is determined as __________
Ex.No: 9
Date:
Heat conduction across a chimney

(conductive and convective heat transfer)
Problem: Determine the temperature distribution and the rate of heat flow q per
foot of height for a tall chimney whose cross section is shown below. Assume that
24

the inside gas temperature is Tg, the inside convective coefficient is hi, the
surrounding air temperature is Ta and the outside convective coefficient is ho.
STEPS
Preprocessor
3. Select the unit system as BFT
4. Select the element type PLANE55
6. Creation of geometry
a. Create a square of size a.
b. Create a square of size b
c. Subtract the square of size b from the square of size a.
Solution
10. Solve
Postprocessor
25

12. Determine the temperature at the centre line.
Result: The temperature at the centre line is determined as __________
Ex.No: 10
Date:
Heat conduction across the Fin
Problem: Determine the temperature distribution and the rate of heat flow if the
fine base temperature is 1500c and the fins are exposed to the atmospheric air at
26

30 degree C having transfer coefficient of 50 W/m2K. The base material is copper
and fin material is aluminum.
Steps:
1. Specify title for the analysis
Preprocessor
3.Select the unit system as SI
4.Select the element type SOLID 87 for base material
5.Specify the material properties for base material
6.Select the same element type SOLID 87 for fin material
7. Specify the material properties for fin material
8. Create volumes by dimensions for base of 3X5.9X1 m
9. Create volumes by dimensions for single fin of width 3m, length 4 m and
thickness 0.3m
10. Preprocessor Modeling-copy volumes select the volume to be copied
next the following window appears
11. Enter number of copies as 3 and offset value as 2
27

12. Next glue the new completed fin assembly to the base by using
Preprocessor Modeling Operate Booleans Glue Volumes. Choose
the base and click once on the fin assembly and click OK.
13. Mesh the areas by picking all the areas with smart size option with value 1.
14. Apply thermal load of convection boundary of 50 W/m2K and 283 K on
the fin surfaces by clicking on loop apply CONVEC on AREAS window
and select one by one fin surfaces and click ok. Apply the values.
15. Similarly apply the temperature on base as 1773K.
16. Solve
17. Postprocessor-Plot the Temperature distribution.
Result: The temperature distribution plot is attached.
Ex.No: 11
Date:
Thermal stress in a Long cylinder
28

A long thick walled cylinder is maintained at a temperature Ti on the inner surface
and To on the outer surface. Determine the temperature distribution through the
wall thickness. Also determine the axial stress and the tangential stress at the inner
and outer surfaces.
Note: This problem is a coupled field analysis. First the thermal analysis is
performed and later structural analysis is carried out.
Thermal analysis
2. Set preference as Thermal and structural
Preprocessor
3. Select the unit system as BIN
4. Select the element type PLANE55
6. Create the geometry as represented in the above figure
Solution
10. Solve
Postprocessor
29

Structural analysis
12. Switch the element type:
Preprocessor Element Switch

Structural to Thermal OK
Main
menu
element
type
13. Apply structural boundary conditions. (Constraint the DOF at the suitable
nodes)
Solve
Postprocessor
14. Plot the stress and deflection plot.
Result: 1.Temperature distribution plot in long cylinder is attached
2.Deformed shape is attached
Ex.No: 12
Date:
Laminar flow analysis in a 2-D duct by CFD

analysis
30

Model the air flow inside the 2-D duct by CFD analysis. The geometric properties
and fluid properties are given the table.
Dimensions & Properties

Inlet length
4 in
Inlet height
1 in
Transition length
2 in
Outlet height
2.5 in
Initial outlet length
4 in
Inlet velocity
1 in/sec*
Outlet pressure
0 psi
Result: The velocity distribution plot over entire length of duct is

attached
LAB - Viva Questions

1. Define element and node?
2. List the steps in FEA?
3. What are the different types of elements used in FEA?
31

4. What are the different types of stresses and strain in an object?
5. Write the equilibrium equation?
6. Write the [L] Matrix for a 3D problem?
7. Define Minimum potential energy approach?
8. List different software uses FEA as tool?
9. What are the different weighted residual methods?
10. List the advantages of FEA?
11. How is minimum number of degrees of freedom per node determined in an
element? Give am example.
12. Distinguish between essential and non-essential boundary conditions.
13. Express the constitutive matrix for a plane strain condition.
14. Give the compact representation of shape function for a four-node
quadrilateral element.
15. How are in an isoparametric element the constant strain and rigid body
conditions met?
16. What is static condensation? State any of its applications.
17. Name different types of dynamic analysis. Give one application for each.
18. Distinguish between consistent mass matrix and lumped mass matrix.
19. Express the governing equation for heat conduction in a solid body in
cylindrical coordinate system.
20. State two applications where fluid structure interaction is involved.
21. List four advantages of finite element analysis.
22. Explain the following terms clearly: Nodes, Primary nodes, Secondary
nodes and internal nodes.
23. Define shape function and write its properties.
24. What are the higher order elements? Where are they preferred?
25. State the isoparametric concept in finite element analysis.
26. What is Gaussian quadrature integration technique?
27. Write lumped and consistent mass matrices for an axial element.
28. Write one example for explicit and implicit methods for numerical
integration.
32

29. Write the governing differential equation for a two dimensional heat
transfer problem.
30. The definitions for translation and rotation of fluids are not quite the same
as for rigid bodies. Justify the statement.
31. What is a boundary value problem? Give an example.
32. State the properties of shape functions.
33. What are higher order elements?
34. List few dimensional field problems.
35. What is an isoparametric element?
36. What is meant by plane strain problem?
37. How do axisymmetric problems differ from two dimensional problems?
38. What are h and p elements?
39. Write down the governing differential equation for longitudinal vibration.
40. What are the properties of stiffiness matrices?
41. What is the basic difference between bar and beam elements?
42. State the use of shape functions.
43. How is a quadratic triangular element different from linear triangular
element?
44. Define the term static condensation.
45. What is lumped mass matrix?
46. Give the advantage and limitation of ritz vectors
47. State any two non-linear problems in finite element analysis
48. Explain the analogies between structural, heat transfer and fluid
mechanics.
49. What are the limitations of ID elements?
50. What is the need for adopting penalty approach?
51. Distinguish between CST and LST elements.
52. What are serendipity elements?
53. Give the compact representation of shape functions of a four-node
quadrilateral element.
33

54. Sketch a quadratic strain brick element.
55. Specify the mass matrix for a truss element having four degreed of
freedom.
56. State the required condition for solving dynamic problems as specified by
characteristic polynomial method.
57. Sketch a differential element depicting two dimensional conduction with
surface convection.
58. Define the stream function for a one dimensional incompressible flow.
59. define aspect ratio. State its significance
60. Classify boundary conditions. Give examples.
61. State the conditions to be satisfied in order to use axisymmetric elements.
62. Sketch a quadratic strain tetrahedran element.
63. What is meant by isoparametric formulation?
64. What is meant by static condensation? State its significance.
65. What is called finite element semidiscretization? Give an example.
66. What are some differences between implicit and explicit methods of
numerical integration?
67. Define element capacitance matrix for unsteady state heat transfer
problems.
68. Define the stream function for a two dimensional incompressible flow.
69. What are the situations that demand the use of finite element method for
engineering analysis?
70. State the characteristics of stiffness matri.
71. What is CST element? Why is it called so?
72. Why are super parametric elements not much used in engineering element?
73. Express the interpolation function corresponding to node 4 of a cubic
triangular element.
74. What is static condensation?
75. What is mean by coordinate transformation?
76. What are the properties of axis symmetry elements?
34

77. Compare the principle of virtual force and the principle of virtual
displacement.
78. Specify any two applications of FEA in fluid mechanics.
79. What do you understand by discretization of domain?
80. What role did the computer play in the use of the finite element method?
81. Distinguish between local global coordinate system.
82. Define transformation mapping.
83. Write down the consistent mass matrix for a bar element.
84. Clearly explain about the classification of direct integration techniques.
85. A burner is heating a spot on a two dimensional body. How do you attempt
to model this?
86. What is the effect of mesh size on the accuracy of solution?
87. Explain variational methods of formulation of boundary value problem.
88. What is area co-ordinate used in FEM?
89. What are gauss propositions to derive the gauss qudrature?
90. What are the plane stress and strain conditions represented in solid
mechanics?
91. With an example explain the element and global stiffness matrix.
92. Write strain displacement relations for 3D strain conditions.
93. Write the displacement functions for a second order triangular element.
94. What are the salient features of a shape function?
95. Compare the beam and bar elements used in FEM.
96. Explain the principle of stationery potential energy.
35

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AAMEC- Mechanical Engineering Department

Computer aided simulation and analysis laboratory manual

Stress Analysis of a Plate with a Circular hole

AAMEC- Mechanical Engineering Department

Change title Specify the title name OK.

Step 2: Set preference

Preference Check the structural type OK

Step 3: Unit system selection

Preprocessor Material props

Step 4: Element selection

Element type Add/Edit/Delete

Step 5: Material property specification

Preprocessor Material props Isotropic

Step 6: Creation of Geometry

Preprocessor Create Key

b. Connect with lines

AAMEC- Mechanical Engineering Department

Preprocessor Create Lines Straight

Preprocessor Create Areas

By lines Select the four lines created in the previous step.

Preprocessor Create Circle Solid

Step 7: Subtraction of circle from rectangle:

Preprocessor Operate Subtract Areas

Step 8: Meshing of Geometry.

Preprocessor Mesh tool In the mesh tool click

Step 9: Save the database as .db

Solution Apply Displacement On Nodes

Solution Apply Force/Moment On Key

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Step 11 Solve the domain:

Solution Solve Current LS.

Save the data base

General postprocessorLast set Plot

Similarly capture the Deflection plot

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Stress Analysis of Rectangular L Bracket

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Stress Analysis of a Axis-symmetric

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Copy Key points Pick the KP 1 and 2

OK specify the number of copies as 2 and x offset as 1.

Meshing Size cntrls Lines Picked lines

Step 10: Applying boundary conditions

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Main menu Solution Load Apply

x and z coordinate respectively.

Solution load step opts Other For Harmonic

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Deflection Analysis on T shaped Cantilever

Problem: Find the maximum deflection in an un symmetric T beam subjected to

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Preprocessor Create Node In

Specify the coordinate value for the node 1 and 2.

Preprocessor Create Elements Through

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Natural Frequency of a Spring mass system

Problem: An instrument of weight W is set on a rubber mount system having a

Analysis assumptions and Modeling notes