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HTML I PDF

The document provides an introduction to HTML and outlines topics that will be covered in the chapter, including editing HTML, creating a first HTML example, adding headers, links, images, special characters, and lists. The chapter objectives are to understand important HTML components, create web pages using HTML, add images and hyperlinks, and mark up lists. Specific HTML elements are also described such as the <html>, <head>, <body>, <a>, <img>, <h1-h6>, <ul>, and <ol> tags.

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TommyWong

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

121 views

HTML I PDF

Uploaded by

TommyWong

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

You are on page 1/ 24

Introduction to HTML

Outline
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.10
3.11

Introduction
Editing HTML
First HTML Example
W3C HTML Validation Service
Headers
Linking
Images
Special Characters and More Line Breaks
Unordered Lists
Nested and Ordered Lists
Web Resources

Objectives
In this chapter, you will learn:

To understand important components of HTML

documents.
To use HTML to create Web pages.
To be able to add images to Web pages.
To understand how to create and use hyperlinks to
navigate Web pages.
To be able to mark up lists of information.
2

3.1 Introduction

HTML = HyperText Markup Language

Separation of the presentation of a document from the
structure of the documents information
HTML documents are in source-code form
It can be edited by using a text editor (e.g. Notepad,
Wordpad, emacs, Note++ etc.
It coule be in .html or .htm file-name extension
Web server vs Web browser:

Web server: Stores HTML documents

Web browser: Requests HTML documents

3.3 First HTML Example

HTML Comments: start with

html element: <html>

head element: <head>

Head section of HTML document

Title of the document
Style sheets and scripts

body element: <body>

Body section of HTML document

Pages content the browser displays

Start tag

End tag
4

Comments

<html>
<head>

Head section

Start tag

</head>
<body>

end tag

Body section
</body>
</html>

<html>
<head>
<title>Internet and WWW How to Program - Welcome</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Welcome to XHTML!</p>
</body>
</html>

Example of creating your first html file:

(a)

(b)

Make sure you have text editor

Copy the codes in the example 1 and paste it in the text editor
Save the file. Select File -> Save As. At the file name, type name.html
Click the file name.html from the directory where you saved the file.
You will see the browser page similar like the one in previous slide

3.5 HTML Header Elements

Six headers ( header elements): h1 through h6

<body>
<h1>Level 1 Header</h1>
<h2>Level 2 header</h2>
<h3>Level 3 header</h3>
<h4>Level 4 header</h4>
<h5>Level 5 header</h5>
<h6>Level 6 header</h6>
</body>

3.6 Linking

Linking is done through Hyperlink

Created using the a (anchor) element

References other sources such as HTML documents and images

Both text and images can act as hyperlinks

Attribute href: specifies the location of a linked resource

Link to e-mail addresses using mailto: URL

<strong> tag is use to create a bold text

<body>
<p><a href = "http://www.deitel.com">Deitel</a></p>
<p><a href = "http://www.prenhall.com">Prentice Hall</a></p>
<p><a href = "http://www.yahoo.com">Yahoo!</a></p>
<p><a href = "http://www.usatoday.com">USA Today</a></p>
</body>

User click

<p>
My e-mail address is
<a href = "mailto:deitel@deitel.com"> deitel@deitel.com</a>
. Click the address and your browser will
open an e-mail message and address it to me.
</p>

Email Client Application

3.7 Images

Three most popular formats

Image element: <img />

Graphics Interchange Format (GIF)

Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG)
Portable Network Graphics (PNG)

src attribute: specifies the location of the image file

width and height attribute: measure in pixels
(picture elements)

Empty elements

Terminated by character / inside the closing right angle bracket

(>), or by explicitly including the end tag
12

Image jhtp.jpg not

available

If the pictures are in the same directory

If the pictures are in the subdirectory

List the ../ for the pointer to go upper level

Ex. src = ../pics/Penguins.jpg

Or you could specify the entire directory path,

starting from the root path

List the sub-directory, then followed by the image

name
Ex. src = pics/Koala.jpg

If the pictures are in the parents directory

Just list the image name

Ex. src = Koala.jpg

In windows, Ex. src =

"C:/Users/Chuang/Documents/Tina CCU Classes/Fall
2014/Webpage
Design/Week2/Course1/pics/Tulips.jpg"

Be aware that in Linux, / needs to change to \

<a href = "links.html">

<img src = "buttons/links.jpg" width = "65"
height = "50" alt = "Links Page" />
</a><br />
<a href = "list.html">
<img src = "buttons/list.jpg" width = "65"
height = "50" alt = "List Example Page" />
</a><br />
.
.
.
.

links.html
15

Ends here on 09/25/2014

The target attribute

The target attribute specifies where to open the

linked document

Ex. <a href="http://www.yahoo.com/" target="_blank">Yahoo!</a>

Target Value

Description

_blank

Opens the linked document in a new window or tab

_self

Opens the linked document in the same frame (default)

_parents

Opens the linked document in the parent frame

framename

Opens the linked document in a named frame

3.8 Special Characters and More Line Breaks

Character entity references (in the form &code;)

Numeric character references (e.g. &)

del: Strike-out text

sup: superscript text

sub: subscript text

<hr />: Horizontal rule (horizontal line)

<hr />

<p>All information on this site is <strong>©</strong>
Deitel <strong>&</strong> Associates, Inc. 2004.</p>
<p><del>You may download 3.14 x 10<sup>2</sup> characters worth of
information from this site.</del> Only <sub>one</sub> download per hour is
permitted.</p>
<p>Note: <strong>< ¼</strong> of the information presented here is
updated daily.</p>.

Insert special character tables

Please see
http://www.htmlgoodies.com/beyond/webmas
ter/article.php/3917601/Website-CodingASCII-Special-Characters.htm for more info.

3.9 Unordered Lists

Unordered list element: ul

Creates a list in which each item begins with a bullet

symbol (called a disc)

li (list item)
Entry in an unordered list

<ul>
<li><a href = "http://www.deitel.com">Deitel</a></li>
<li><a href = "http://www.w3.org">W3C</a></li>
<li><a href = "http://www.yahoo.com">Yahoo!</a></li>
<li><a href = "http://www.cnn.com">CNN</a></li>
</ul>

add four list items

3.10 Nested and Ordered Lists

Represent hierarchical relationships

Ordered lists: ol

Creates a list in which each item begins with a number

<ul>
<li>New games</li>
<li>New applications
nested ordered list
<ol>
<li>For business</li> Another nested ordered list
<li>For pleasure</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Around the clock news</li>
<li>Search engines</li>
<li>Shopping</li>
<li>Programming
<ol>
<li>XML</li>
<li>Java</li>
<li>XHTML</li>
<li>Scripts</li>
<li>New languages</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ul>

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HTML I PDF

Uploaded by

HTML I PDF

Uploaded by

Introduction to HTML

To understand important components of HTML

HTML = HyperText Markup Language

Web server: Stores HTML documents

3.3 First HTML Example

HTML Comments: start with

html element: <html>

head element: <head>

Head section of HTML document

body element: <body>

Body section of HTML document

Example of creating your first html file:

Make sure you have text editor

3.5 HTML Header Elements

Linking is done through Hyperlink

Created using the a (anchor) element

References other sources such as HTML documents and images

Attribute href: specifies the location of a linked resource

<strong> tag is use to create a bold text

Email Client Application

Three most popular formats

Image element: <img />

Graphics Interchange Format (GIF)

src attribute: specifies the location of the image file

Terminated by character / inside the closing right angle bracket

Image jhtp.jpg not

If the pictures are in the same directory

If the pictures are in the subdirectory

List the ../ for the pointer to go upper level

Or you could specify the entire directory path,

List the sub-directory, then followed by the image

If the pictures are in the parents directory

Just list the image name

In windows, Ex. src =

Be aware that in Linux, / needs to change to \

<a href = "links.html">

Ends here on 09/25/2014

The target attribute

The target attribute specifies where to open the

Ex. <a href="http://www.yahoo.com/" target="_blank">Yahoo!</a>

Opens the linked document in a new window or tab

Opens the linked document in the same frame (default)

Opens the linked document in the parent frame

Opens the linked document in a named frame

3.8 Special Characters and More Line Breaks

Character entity references (in the form &code;)

del: Strike-out text

sup: superscript text

<hr />: Horizontal rule (horizontal line)

<hr />

Insert special character tables

3.9 Unordered Lists

Unordered list element: ul

Creates a list in which each item begins with a bullet

add four list items

3.10 Nested and Ordered Lists

Represent hierarchical relationships

Creates a list in which each item begins with a number

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