Ptiliidae (Coleoptera)

INVERTEBRATI DI UNA FORESTA DELLA PIANURA PADANA BOSCO DELLA FONTANA, SECONDO CONTRIBUTO CONSERVAZIONE HABITAT INVERTEBRATI 3/2004:
4: 141-143.
Ptiliidae (Coleoptera)
Mikael SRENSSON
ABSTRACT
Four rather common European species of featherwing beetles (Coleoptera: Ptiliidae) from the Bosco della Fontana nature reserve (Lombardy
region, Mantua province) are presented: Nossidium pilosellum, Ptenidium pusillum, Acrotrichis fascicularis and A. sitkaensis. A. sitkaensis is new
for Lombardy. It is assumed that further species from the area remain to be discovered.The total number of species of Ptiliidae from Italy (73)
and from northern Italy (61) are commented upon.
Key words: Ptiliidae, Acrotrichis, Ptenidium, Nossidium, smallest, featherwing beetles, checklist, Italy.
RIASSUNTO
Ptiliidae (Coleoptera)
Quattro specie europee abbastanza comuni di Ptiliidae sono segnalate per la Riserva di Bosco della Fontana: Nossidium pilosellum, Ptenidium
pusillum, Acrotrichis fascicularis e A. sitkaensis. Questultima specie nuova per la Lombardia. Si ritiene che altre specie restino da scoprire
nellarea. Sono infine commentati il numero totale di specie di Ptiliidae segnalate dItalia (73) e dellItalia settentrionale (61).
INTRODUCTION
Featherwing beetles Ptiliidae are the smallest
beetles of all (0.3 4 mm). Their smallness and
cryptic life style make them one of the least known
families and they were often neglected. As a consequence the ptiliid fauna of many countries remains
more or less unstudied. In Europe the long entomological tradition has ensured a reasonable knowledge
of the group, although much remains to be done,
both taxonomically and faunistically.
In the latest checklist of Italian Ptiliidae (Angelini et
al. 1995) 75 species names are listed, a comparatively
high figure. Angelini & Srensson (1997) added two
more, Acrotrichis arnoldi Rosskothen, 1935 and A.
danica Sundt, 1958. Moreover, Ratti (1978), Kahlen
et al. (1994) and Johnson (2003) added A. parva
Rosskothen, 1935, bringing the total to 78. A few of
them are unavailable names, unpublished synonymies, etc. so this figure should, in fact, be reduced
to 73 (cf. Johnson 2001, 2003). On the other hand,
this figure will be re-altered in the opposite direction
due to a number of new species being prepared for description (Srensson, unpublished data). Angelini et
al. (1995) cite 55 ptiliid species for northern Italy (=
N) and an additional 6 questionable species marked
by a ?. Among those 61 species there are 3 hidden
synonyms, however (Ptilium canaliculatum Erichson,

1845, Ptiliolum depressum (Motschulsky, 1845) and
Ptinella perrini (Reitter, 1906) (cf. Johnson 2001,
2003)) which should be deleted, reducing the figure
to 58. With the addition of Acrotrichis parva, A. danica (vide above), and A. sitkaensis (Motschulsky,
1845) (Kahlen et al. 1994), which also occur in
northern Italy, the true current figure is 61.
STUDY AREA
The nature reserve of Bosco della Fontana (northern Italy, Lombardy region, Mantua province,
Marmirolo) occupies a surface of about 233 ha, 198
of which are covered by trees, 2 are occupied by an
artificial flooded wetland and the remaining 33 are
covered by a grassland area and by 52 forest roads. It
is one of the last oak-hornbeam relicts still existing
on the Po plain. For further information regarding
this reserve vide Mason et al. (2002).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The material examined is kept in the collection of
the Centro Nazionale per lo Studio e la Conser141
MIKAEL SRENSSON
vazione della Biodiversit Forestale of Marmirolo

(Mantua). Dates indicated for trapped specimens
correspond to the date of emptying of the trap,
which had been active for a fortnight. General information provided for each species was taken from
various sources (Angelini & Srensson 1997;
Srensson, unpublished data). Species are listed in
alphabetical order.
Acrotrichis fascicularis (Herbst, 1793)
MATERIAL EXAMINED. Rides 131417, 15.V.1998, A. Tagliapietra legit, autocatcher between 1819 pm, 3 exs. Rides
34362529, 15.V.1998, A. Tagliapietra legit, autocatcher between 1819 pm, 4 exs. Rides 34, 16.VI.1998, A. Tagliapietra
legit, autocatcher between 1819 pm, 2 exs. Rides
51383633, 16.VI.1998, A. Tagliapietra legit, autocatcher between 1819 pm, 1 ex.
Acrotrichis sitkaensis (Motschulsky, 1845)

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Rides 34362529, 15.V.1998, A.
Tagliapietra legit, autocatcher between 1819 pm, 1 ex. Stand
3, 2.III.1999, A. Tagliapietra legit, pitfall trap n.15, 1 ex.
Nossidium pilosellum (Marsham, 1802)

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Stand 21, 27.VI.2000, F. Mason legit,
window flight trap Qr2A3 [= trap on a naturally fallen Quercus
robur tree], 1 .
Ptenidium pusillum (Gyllenhal, 1808)

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Stand 16, 9.VIII.2000, F. Mason legit,
window flight trap Pt1tA2 [= trap on an untreated standing Platanus hybrida tree], 1 ex.
The only previous record of Ptiliidae from Bosco

della Fontana was made by Poggi (2002), who
recorded Acrotrichis sp. on the basis of the abovementioned specimens and species.
Acrotrichis fascicularis is a common, eurytopic and
widespread species in Europe and adjacent parts of
the Palaearctic region, and occurs primarily in rather
humid forest litter and flood refuse, secondarily also
142
in compost, dung, fungi, etc. It has expanded its

range into the Nearctic region as well as into New
Zealand rather lately.
Acrotrichis sitkaensis is a stenoecious, usually rather
local species, confined to wet litter, moss and refuse
of marsh- and fenland as well as along margins of
streams, lakes and ponds, usually in shady sites. It is
rather common in northern Europe but becomes
more local and less common towards southern Europe, except in the mountainous regions. This is the
first record for Lombardy; in Italy this species was
known so far from South Tyrol (Kahlen et al. 1994),
Tuscany (Bordoni & Rocchi 2003), Basilicata (Angelini 1986) and Puglia (Angelini & Srensson
1997).
Another two specimens of Ptiliidae, representing
two additional species, were captured in window
traps: a female of Nossidium pilosellum and one specimen of Ptenidium pusillum. Both species are widely
distributed in Europe, although Nossidium pilosellum obviously lacks in northern and northeastern
parts, being confined to the nemoral forest region
and reaching as far east as the Caucasus and Iran.
Nossidium pilosellum is primarily a saproxylic species
attracted to various polypore fungi growing in tree
hollows, at tree bases, etc. and to rotten, fungus-infested deciduous wood in various stages of decay. A
broader and more general ecology is shown by Ptenidium pusillum, which is one of the most common
European ptiliid species. It develops in all kinds of
rotting organic substances, like compost, dung, carcasses and fungi, in forests as well as in open landscapes. It is also nidicolous and anthropophilic and
has spread secondarily to other continents.
There are certainly many more ptiliid species to be
detected at Bosco della Fontana. However, it
might take complementary collection techniques
(sieving, Berlese funnel extraction, etc.) to make the
sampling of Ptiliidae more efficient in the future.
Special emphasis should be put on certain ecological
niches, biocoenoses and environments, like rotting
wood and litter of swamps, marsh- and fenland, as
well as banks and margins along rivers and streams.
From a conservation point of view such habitats are
also generally of high value.
PTILIIDAE (COLEOPTERA)
REFERENCES
Angelini F., 1986. Coleotterofauna del Massiccio del Pollino (BasilicataCalabria) (Coleoptera). Entomologica, 21: 37125.
Angelini F., Audisio P., Castellini G., Poggi R., Vailati D., Zanetti A. & Zoia S., 1995. Coleoptera Polyphaga II (Staphylinoidea esl.
Staphylinidae), pp. 139. In: Minelli A., Ruffo S. & La Posta S. (eds.), Checklist delle specie della fauna italiana. 47. Calderini,
Bologna.
Angelini F. & Srensson M., 1997. Materiali per una coleotterofauna dellItalia meridionale e della Sicilia. Ptiliidae. (Coleoptera). Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale G. Doria, 91: 555587.
Bordoni A. & Rocchi S., 2003. Ricerche sulla Coleotterofauna delle zone umide della Toscana. I. Padule di Bientina (Coleoptera). Quaderni della Stazione di Ecologia del civico Museo di Storia naturale di Ferrara, 14 (2002): 798.
Johnson C., 2001. Notes on Palaearctic Ptiliidae (Coleoptera). Entomologists Gazette, 52: 129137.
Johnson C., 2003. Further notes on Palaearctic and other Ptiliidae (Coleoptera). Entomologists Gazette, 54: 5570.
Kahlen M., Hellrigl K. & Schwienbacher W., 1994. Lista rossa dei Coleotteri (Coleoptera) minacciati in Alto Adige, pp. 178301. In:
Gepp J. (ed.), Lista rossa delle specie minacciate in Alto Adige. Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano / Alto Adige, Ripartizione Tutela
del paesaggio e della natura.
Mason F., Cerretti P., Tagliapietra A., Speight M. C. D. & Zapparoli M. (eds.), 2002. Invertebrati di una foresta della Pianura Padana,
Bosco della Fontana, Primo contributo. Conservazione Habitat Invertebrati, 1. Gianluigi Arcari Editore, 176 pp.
Poggi R., 2002. Ptiliidae, p. 65. In: Mason F., Cerretti P., Tagliapietra A., Speight M. C. D. & Zapparoli M. (eds.), Invertebrati di una
foresta della Pianura Padana, Bosco della Fontana, Primo contributo. Conservazione Habitat Invertebrati, 1.
Ratti E., 1978. Reperti di Coleoptera su carpofori di Gyromitra esculenta (Pers.) Fries (Ascomycetes) nelle Dolomiti con segnalazione di
un Ptiliidae nuovo per lItalia. Societ Veneziana di Scienze Naturali Lavori, 3: 4648.
Address
MIKAEL SRENSSON
Lund University, Zoology bldg. Helgonav. 3 SE-223 62 Lund <mikael.sorensson@cob.lu.se>
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INVERTEBRATI DI UNA FORESTA DELLA PIANURA PADANA BOSCO DELLA FONTANA, SECONDO CONTRIBUTO CONSERVAZIONE HABITAT INVERTEBRATI 3/2004:

synonyms, however (Ptilium canaliculatum Erichson,

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

vazione della Biodiversit Forestale of Marmirolo

Acrotrichis sitkaensis (Motschulsky, 1845)

Nossidium pilosellum (Marsham, 1802)

Ptenidium pusillum (Gyllenhal, 1808)

The only previous record of Ptiliidae from Bosco

in compost, dung, fungi, etc. It has expanded its

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