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David Welch in Finer A

The document discusses the benefits of photonic integration for digital optical networks. It summarizes that today's optical networks rely on expensive O-E-O conversions that photonic integrated circuits (PICs) can eliminate. PICs integrate multiple optical components onto a single chip, enabling optical-electronic-optical conversion with no cost or space penalties. This allows digital optical networking that uses electronics for functions like switching and routing instead of complex analog optical techniques. PICs have been proven reliable in field operation and can scale to higher densities and data rates. Photonic integration is key to enabling the cost-effective capacity growth needed to keep pace with rapidly increasing network demands.

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68 views27 pages

David Welch in Finer A

The document discusses the benefits of photonic integration for digital optical networks. It summarizes that today's optical networks rely on expensive O-E-O conversions that photonic integrated circuits (PICs) can eliminate. PICs integrate multiple optical components onto a single chip, enabling optical-electronic-optical conversion with no cost or space penalties. This allows digital optical networking that uses electronics for functions like switching and routing instead of complex analog optical techniques. PICs have been proven reliable in field operation and can scale to higher densities and data rates. Photonic integration is key to enabling the cost-effective capacity growth needed to keep pace with rapidly increasing network demands.

Uploaded by

srotenstein3114
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Photonic Integration

Digital Optical Networks


Dave Welch
Chief Strategy Officer

Why Is Optical Transport Interesting?


$8B market through the downturn
Service providers care about it

Transport 50% of total service cost


Challenge

IPThe
still driving
70-100%
annual traffic growth
A cost structure that generates profits
Transport carries everything, so benefits from any
~50% cost reduction per year
new Requires
apps
Ethernet, FTTx, IPTV, HD, VoD, VoIP, WiMax, 3G

OFC Monday March 6 | 2

Todays Optical Network


$

O-E-O

O-E-O

O-E-O

O-E-O

O-E-O

O-E-O

O-E-O

O-E-O

O-E-O

O-E-O

O-E-O

O-E-O

O-E-O

O-E-O

O-E-O

O-E-O

O-E-O

O-E-O

O-E-O

O-E-O

Philadelphia

Baltimore

New York

Newark

Washington

Minimize O-E-Os in
All Optical Network
O-E-O is
Expensive

OFC Monday March 6 | 3

Todays Optical Network


O-E-O

O-E-O

O-E-O

O-E-O

O-E-O

O-E-O

O-E-O

O-E-O

O-E-O

O-E-O

O-E-O

O-E-O

O-E-O

O-E-O

O-E-O

O-E-O

O-E-O

O-E-O

O-E-O

O-E-O

Philadelphia

Baltimore

New York

Newark

Washington

The Analog Optical Network


Complexity
PMD
DCF

NumerousComp
analog

Gain
Tunable
Raman
VOAs
Flattening span engineering
Lasers
elements,

All-Optical
Haul information
Optical
InabilityUltra-Long
to access
Transport
Cant add/drop,
switch,Add/Drop
mux, groom, Switching
or PM
-- required for revenue
generation
Minimize
O-E-Os in

Cost

All Optical Network

O-E-O
is
First-in capex, per-channel
capex,
opex
Expensive

OFC Monday March 6 | 4

Why are OEOs Expensive?


Discrete Optics
100 Gb/s Transmit

100 Gb/s Receive

OFC Monday March 6 | 5

Infineras Solution: Photonic Integrated Circuits


100 Gb/s Transmit
100Gb/s Transmit
100Gb/s Receive

100 Gb/s Receive


PICs enable OEO conversion with no
space, power, or cost penalty.

OFC Monday March 6 | 6

Todays Optical Network


O-E-O

O-E-O

O-E-O

O-E-O

O-E-O

O-E-O

O-E-O

O-E-O

New York

Newark

Philadelphia

Baltimore

Washington

The Analog Optical Network


DCF

PMD
Comp

Gain
Raman
Flattening

Ultra-Long Haul Optical


Transport
Add/Drop

VOAs

Tunable
Lasers

All-Optical
Switching

Minimize O-E-Os in
All Optical Network
O-E-O is
Expensive

OFC Monday March 6 | 7

PICs Enable Digital Optical Networking

New York

Newark

Philadelphia

Baltimore

Washington

The
TheDigital
Digital Optical
Optical Network
Network
Multi-haul
Simplified network
and operations
Digital Bandwidth
Fully Flexible
Architecture,Add/Drop
service delivery, network
growth
Transport
Management

Networking
Intelligence

Flexible service delivery


Embrace O-E-Os and electronics
Any service at any location without preplanning

Signal Clean-up / Switching / Grooming / Performance Monitoring

Improved Economics
Lower capex duePhotonic
to integration
Integration:
Lower opex due to digital (rather than analog) architecture
Eliminate cost penalty of O-E-O
OFC Monday March 6 | 8

A Different Approach: Digital Optical


Use (analog) photonics for what it does best: transmission
Use (digital) electronics for everything else
Consistent with every other network element: SONET/SDH,
switches, routers, etc.

Carriers add value by managing bits

Signal regeneration
Error correction
Sub- add/drop
Protection
Multiplexing
Grooming & switching
Performance monitoring

Integrated Photonics

Integrated Photonics

Digital Electronics
& Software

OFC Monday March 6 | 9

PIC Architecture - Superwavelengths

100 Gb/s

DC Electrical
Bias and Control

CH10
VO
A
A
EA rray
M
Ar
Tu
r
na
ble ay
D
Ar FB
OP ray
M
Ar
ray

Optical Output

AWG Multiplexer

100 Gb/s DWDM Large-Scale PIC Transmitter


10 x 10 Gb/s
Electrical Input
CH1

OFC Monday March 6 | 10

Tx Module Inside View

Driver ASIC

Tx-PIC:

OFC Monday March 6 | 11

10
Channel
spectrum
of
the
DFB
Array
DWDM Transmitter PIC Spectral Response
AWG response function superimposed

10

DFB with AWG


DFB
Spectrum
Spectrum
Superimposed
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Normalized Power (dB)

0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
1526

1530

1534
1538
Wavelength (nm)

1542
OFC Monday March 6 | 12

Transmit PIC Wavelength Tuning

-20
-30

Power (dBm)

-40

AWG
Passband

-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
1544.5

1545.5

1546.5
Wavelength (nm)

1547.5

1548.5

OFC Monday March 6 | 13

Rx-PIC w/ TIA/AGC

OFC Monday March 6 | 14

Large-Scale PIC Reliability Data Summary

4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500

ay
-

06

06
1Q

05
4Q

05
3Q

05
2Q

05

0
1Q

Cumulative Hours of PIC Operation


(000's)

3,400,000 Hours of Field Operation


(Tx + Rx Pairs) and Counting
With Zero PIC Failures

Corresponds to <300 FIT at 60% CL


And represents 34M channel hours
and >100M individual PIC element hours

OFC Monday March 6 | 15

Cost Comparison of Processed Semiconductor Wafer Technologies

Average Finished Wafer Cost ($/in2)

250

Materials technology choice poses no fundamental


limitation on processed wafer cost

1994

200

1994
150

1991

100

50

1985

1990s

1974

1970

0
DRAM
(NMOS)

Power Amplifers
(GaAs HBT)

Microprocessor
(CMOS)

Red-OrangeYellow HB-LEDs
(AlInGaP/GaAs)

Front-End
Switches
(GaAs PHEMT)

Red-OrangeYellow HB-LEDs
(AlInGaP/GaP)

Blue-Green
HB-LEDs
(InGaN)

OFC Monday March 6


(date annotations show the year of first commercial production)

| 16

Relative Performance Optics vs. Electronics


Optical Performance
Enhancement

Electronic Performance
Enhancement

Optical Performance

Relative Costs per dBQ

0.8

enhancement has
very high 1st cost

0.7

Optical technologies

0.9

also impose complex


engineering, design
rules and operational
complexity

0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3

Gains available from

0.2
0.1
C
ED

C
FE

D
CM
30
00
ps
/n
m

P
Ra
m
an

3d
B

of
ex
tr
a

ED

FA

ga
i

um
p

electronics limited by
how often OEO is
implemented

OFC Monday March 6 | 17

Long-Haul Trends: Return to Growth


Total Gigabits per Second Shipped for LH DWDM Networks (Quarterly)
120,000
100,000

LH Capacity Growth:
2005: 66%
4Q05 vs. 4Q04: 90%

80,000

PICs 18% of all


LH capacity in
2005; 26% of 10
Gb ports in
Q405

60,000
40,000

100G-Infinera
40G
10G
2.5G

20,000
0
1Q03

1Q04

1Q05

Source: DellOro Group


OFC Monday March 6 | 18

Complexity & Limitations of ROADM Networks

Allocate bandwidth on ROADM ring using available s


Extending ROADM consumes s end-end across network
Blocking consumes extra s or requires OEO for conversion
This creates stranded bandwidth and faster capacity exhaust
This does not scale with.

Protection; Hundreds of demands; Larger networks; Nodal connectivity

Reconfigurability and flexibility is limited by end-end -blocking

32-40 WDM

OFC Monday March 6 | 19

Reconfigurable Digital Add/Drop

Switched WDM with affordable OEO sub- grooming at all nodes


Removes wavelength blocking constraints any point to any point
Maximizes WDM capacity on every link
No stranded bandwidth, simpler planning & engineering
Scales with network capacity, number of nodes, network size/distance
Truly flexible and reconfigurable networking

N x 100G WDM

N x 100G WDM
N x 100G WDM

N x 100G WDM

OFC Monday March 6 | 20

Integration: Heart of a New Strategy


100 Gb/s Transmit

100 Gb/s Receive

OFC Monday March 6 | 21

100 Gigabit Ethernet Has Begun


Ethernet performance has
advanced ~10x every four
years

100+ Gbps standardization


started July 2005

Bit
Year
Rate
Standard Technology
Standard
(Mbps) Approved Leveraged
10BASE5
10
1983
10BASE-FOIRL
10
1987
10BASE-T
10
1990
10BASE-FL
10
1993
100BASE-T
100
1995 FDDI
100BASE-FX
100
1995 FDDI
1000BASE-X
1,000
1998 Fibre Channel
1000BASE-T
1,000
1999
10GBASE-R
10,000
2002 SONET
10GBASE-T
10,000
2006?
100GBASE-L10 100,000
>= 2008 DWDM

OFC Monday March 6 | 22

The Need for DWDM Superwavelengths


Super- Links
IP over PICs

Gigabits per Second

1000

100

Links
IP over DWDM

40
Sub- Links
IP over SONET

10

1
1Q94

1Q96

1Q98

1Q00

1Q02

1Q04

1Q06

1Q08

0.1
Avg Wave Datarate

Capacity between adjacent core routers

OFC Monday March 6 | 23

Demonstration: 1.6 Tbps PIC


0

Single Monolithic Chip


40 channel x 40 Gbps

Fiber Output Power (dBm)

-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
1.545

1.550

1.555
1.560
Wavelength (m)

1.565
CH1

CH6

CH11

CH16

CH21

CH26

CH31

CH36

CH2

CH7

CH12

CH17

CH22

CH27

CH32

CH37

CH3

CH8

CH13

CH18

CH23

CH28

CH33

CH38

CH4

CH9

CH14

CH19

CH24

CH29

CH34

CH39

OFC Monday March 6 | 24

Scaling of InP Device Data Rate in Telecom


Transmission Networks

Data Capacity Per Chip (Gb/s)

10000
1000

Development
Devices
1.6 Tb/s

Current IP Network
CAGR: 70-100%

400 Gb/s
DWDM PICs

100

100 Gb/s

Data rate has doubled


every ~2.2 years

Data rate per


device has
remained at
10Gb/s for
past 10 years

10

EML

DML
1

0.1
1975

Tunable EML
with SOA

1985

1995

2005

2015

Only Photonic Integration Enables Continued


Cost-Effective Scaling of Network Capacity
OFC Monday March 6 | 25

Optical Integration in Sync with Electronics


Optical Integration

Enables low cost O-E-O


Enables greater Density

Optical system
Fully compatible with
other optical technologies

Electronic Integration

100 Gb ICs
Better digital management
10x Density

Integration is key to next


generation capability
Feature benefits
Capacity
Cost structure
Reliability

OFC Monday March 6 | 26

Integration Drives
Network Architecture
Thank You!

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