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    IGCSE Forces and Motion Definitions and Concepts

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    Lavanya Thevi
    Speed is the distance travelled in a unit of time, while velocity also includes direction. Forces cause acceleration and can change an object's shape or size. Forces are vector quantities while scalars only have magnitude. Newton's laws describe forces and motion, including that every action has an equal and opposite reaction. Gravity is a non-contact force that acts over distance and causes weight. Forces can be measured using instruments like spring balances.

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    IGCSE Forces and Motion Definitions and Concepts

    Uploaded by

    Lavanya Thevi
    1K views6 pages
    Speed is the distance travelled in a unit of time, while velocity also includes direction. Forces cause acceleration and can change an object's shape or size. Forces are vector quantities while scalars only have magnitude. Newton's laws describe forces and motion, including that every action has an equal and opposite reaction. Gravity is a non-contact force that acts over distance and causes weight. Forces can be measured using instruments like spring balances.

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    Speed is the distance travelled in a unit of time, while velocity also includes direction. Forces cause acceleration and can change an object's shape or size. Forces are vector quantities while scalars only have magnitude. Newton's laws describe forces and motion, including that every action has an equal and opposite reaction. Gravity is a non-contact force that acts over distance and causes weight. Forces can be measured using instruments like spring balances.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    1K views6 pages

    IGCSE Forces and Motion Definitions and Concepts

    Uploaded by

    Lavanya Thevi
    Speed is the distance travelled in a unit of time, while velocity also includes direction. Forces cause acceleration and can change an object's shape or size. Forces are vector quantities while scalars only have magnitude. Newton's laws describe forces and motion, including that every action has an equal and opposite reaction. Gravity is a non-contact force that acts over distance and causes weight. Forces can be measured using instruments like spring balances.

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    PREPARED BY A.

    LAVANYA

    IGCSE: DEFINITIONS OF FORCES AND MOTION


    SPEED: The distance travelled in unit time. Speed is a scalar. Units
    can be m/s km/h etc

    VELOCITY: the distance travelled in unit time in a stated direction.


    Velocity is a vector. Units can be m/s km/h etc
    UNIFORM or CONSTANT: When a quantity does not change in
    magnitude or direction.
    DISPLACEMENT: Distance moved in a stated direction. Vector. Unit:
    metre (m).
    ACCELERATION:
    usually m/s2

    The change in velocity in unit time. Vector. Unit

    DISTANCE-TIME GRAPH: The gradient at a point gives the speed.


    VELOCITY-TIME GRAPH: The gradient at a point gives the
    acceleration. The area under the graph gives the distance travelled.
    FORCE - Push or a pull on an object. It will accelerate an object or
    change its shape or size. A force is a vector quantity. Unit: Newton
    (N)
    VECTOR: A quantity with both magnitude and direction.
    SCALAR: A quantity with only a magnitude.
    ADDING FORCES ALONG A LINE: They are added like directed
    numbers taking into account positive or negative direction.
    FRICTION: The force which opposes motion when one surface moves
    over another. Unit: Newton (N)
    UNBALANCED FORCE: causes an acceleration of the body which it
    acts on.

    GRAVITY - the force that all masses exert on each other. The effect is
    very small unless one of the bodies is massive. Eg the Earth.
    1

    PREPARED BY A.LAVANYA
    NEWTON: The unit of force. A force of 1 N gives to a mass of 1kg an
    acceleration of 1m/s2. 1N is approximately the force of gravity on an
    apple.
    ACTION AT A DISTANCE - Gravity is a force which acts between two
    bodies even when there is no contact between them. Other
    examples are Magnetic force and Electric force
    WEIGHT - The force of gravity on a body. Unit: Newton

    STOPPING DISTANCE: Thinking distance + braking distance.


    Depends on speed, mass, road condition and reaction time.
    NEWTONMETER or SPRING BALANCE: Measuring instrument
    containing a spring which measures forces using the idea that
    extension is proportional to load on a spring.
    MOMENTUM: Mass times velocity. Unit: kgm/s

    NEWTONS THIRD LAW: When object A exerts a force on object B,


    then object B exerts an equal and opposite force on object A.
    MOMENT OF A FORCE: Moment = force perpendicular distance of
    the line of action from the pivot (fulcrum). Unit: Nm
    PRINCIPLE OF MOMENTS: When a body is in equilibrium, the sum of
    the clockwise moments about any point equals the sum of the
    anticlockwise moments about the same point.
    HOOKE'S LAW: Many objects and materials such as springs stretch
    when a force is applied. Often, the stretching force is proportional to
    the extension. ie if the force is doubled, the extension is also
    doubled.
    GRAVITATIONAL FORCE: A force between all masses which increases
    if the masses are large and decreases as they get further apart.
    GRAVITATIONAL FIELD STRENGTH: Different on the surface of each
    planet or satellite.
    ORBIT: A satellite will orbit around a larger body due to gravitational
    attraction. Comets orbit the Sun in an eccentric ellipse.

    PREPARED BY A.LAVANYA

    THE UNIVERSE: contains 1010 galaxies which each contain 1010 stars.
    Moons and satellites orbit planets which orbit stars.

    PREPARED BY A.LAVANYA

    FORCE - Push or a pull on an object. It will accelerate an object or


    change its shape or size. A force is a vector quantity.
    It can also be a stretch, squash, bend, twist, turn
    Non-contact - electrostatic, gravitational, magnetic
    Contact - reaction; thrust; drag/ air resistance/ friction; lift; tension

    PREPARED BY A.LAVANYA

    VECTOR: A quantity with both magnitude and direction.


    SCALAR: A quantity with only a magnitude.

    describe the forces acting on falling objects and explain why falling
    objects reach a terminal velocity.

    PREPARED BY A.LAVANYA

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