Error Correction Schemes For Wireless Sensor Networks

Error Correction
Schemes for Wireless

Sensor Networks
Al-Nharian University/ Info.& Comm.

Eng. Dept.
4/19/2015
Aim of the Project

Proposal of error correction schemes that are
suitable for WSN providing less number of
packet retransmissions and hence low energy
when operating over fading channels.

Eng. Dept.
4/19/2015
Background and Project task

One of the main challenges in the deployment of
wireless networked sensing applications is ensuring
reliable sensor data collection and aggregation,
while satisfying low-cost, low-energy operating
constraints of such applications
Since data transmitted over wireless media are
vulnerable to corruption by noise, error control
schemes are necessary to keep the Bit Error Rate
(BER) low.
Two basic methods to recover erroneous packets in
any network ; Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ), and
Forward Error Correction (FEC).
Eng. Dept.
4/19/2015
Outline of Main Research Steps

Literature review for both Error Correction Codes and
Wireless Sensor Networks.
Study of coding methods for Wireless Sensor Networks
applications.
Analysis and Simulation of the efficient coding
methods with possible modification considering
concatenation, hybrid, and variable code words
length and packet size.
WSN Simulation based Implementation of the most
promising coding methods.
Assessments of Results for simulated Schemes
Writing-up the thesis
Eng. Dept.
4/19/2015
System Model
Every coding method tested follow the main
communication system model as shown below;
Information
Source
Modulator
Encoder
Comm.
Channel
Information
Destination

Eng. Dept.
v
Decoder
Demodulator
4/19/2015
Assumptions &Parameters
Channels considered are
AWGN It is a basic noise model used
Flat fading Channel here the coherence bandwidth of
the channel is larger than the bandwidth of the signal.
Therefore, all frequency components of the signal will
experience the same magnitude of fading.
Frequency-selective fading the coherence bandwidth
of the channel is smaller than the bandwidth of the
signal. Different frequency components of the signal
therefore will experience uncorrelated fading.
Eng. Dept.
4/19/2015
Assumptions &Parameters (Cont.2)

Modulation: Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK)
(Baseband model is considered).
Coding Methods :
o Binary BCH Code
o Reed Solomon Code
o Convolutional code
o Concatenation of block and convolutional Codes
o Hybrid (Code concatenation with ARQ)
Eng. Dept.
4/19/2015

Brief for BCH code
It is defined over binary GF(2^m) or non-binary version over
GF(q).
For any positive integer m and t there exist a BCH code with the
following parameters:
o Block length:
n=2m-1
o Error correction capability:
t
o Parity check bits:
r=n-k m.t
o Minimum distance:
d 2t+1
The codes are able to correct any error pattern of size t or less, in
a code vector of length n.
Needs long, iterative and complex decoding algorithms .
Eng. Dept.
4/19/2015

RS code
They are non-binary BCH codes with code symbols from a
GF(q). The most important Feature of Reed - Solomon (RS)
codes that the minimum distance of a RS code is one greater than
its number of parity-check symbols. For given (n,k,t) RS gives
maximum free distance. Thus it is considered as the most
efficient BCH coding scheme.
o Code parameters
For any positive integer t < 2m - 1, there exists a t-symbol
error correcting RS code with symbols from GF(2m) with the
following parameters:

Eng. Dept.
4/19/2015

Convolutional codes
A convolutional code is specified by three parameters (n, k, m)
where k input bit, n output bits and m is the maximum length of
the k shift registers (memory stages)

Eng. Dept.
4/19/2015
Concatenation of Codes
An error correction coding scheme in which two different error
correction codes are used in cascade is called concatenated code.
Outer
encoder
Inner
encoder
Channel
Outer
decoder
Inner
decoder
Advantage: Relatively simple decoding & achieve high

coding gain.
Usually : Outer Code is Reed-Solomon, while Inner Code is
convolutional code
Eng. Dept.
4/19/2015
Hybrid ARQ Code

Hybrid automatic repeat request (hybrid ARQ or HARQ)
is a combination of high-rate forward error-correcting
coding and ARQ error-control
The FEC code is chosen to correct an expected subset of
all errors that may occur, while the ARQ method is used
as a call-back for the message to be resent again.
In its simplest form, the HARQ decoder performs FEC
decoding first. If the channel produce uncorrectable
errors, the FEC decoder fails in decoding and packet
retransmission is requested.
Eng. Dept.
4/19/2015
WSN Simulators
Different simulators may be used for WSN;
o OPNET
o OMNET++/CASTALIA
o TOSSIM
o ANSOFT
o NS2
It seems that none of the above are suitable for
the project task (where there is a difficulty in
simulating WSN environment that supports
packet content generation and modification
due to coding methods)
Eng. Dept.
4/19/2015
NWSNS
NWSNS = Nahrain university Wireless Sensor

Network Simulator
This is a Matlab based simulator package
created and developed in the Information Eng.
College, Al-Nahrain University, Iraq.
NWSNS
simulates most important operations, tasks and
parameters that are required in real WSN
environments. Different packet sizes, coding
and modulation methods, network coverage
area, clusters, Energy, Throughput, Error rates,
Wireless channel models are considered in the
simulator.
Eng. Dept.
4/19/2015
NWSNS Parameters
NWSNS is built to provide flexibility in varying the following
parameters;
1- The Size (dimension)of the geographical area of WSN
2- The number of sensor nodes
3- Number of Mobile nodes (and their speed)
4- Packet size and number of packets
5- Wireless channel type & parameters (fading, Doppler,
Freq.)
6- Transmission parameters (Bit & Packet Rate, Carrier freq.)
7- Coding Scheme (BCH, RS, Conv., Concat., Interleaving,
ARQ)
8- Coder/ Decoder/ Interleaver Parameters (k, n, t, Symbol,
Depth).
9- Initial and Total Energy
10- Measurements (SNR, BER, PER, Throughput, Energy)
Eng. Dept.
4/19/2015
Start WSN
program
Input network
parameters and
all initializations
Outer Decoder (RS

Code)
Outer Encoder
(RS Code)
Inner Encoder
(Convolutional
Code)
NO
Retransmission
Max.
Retransmission
s
YES
Errors
NO
YES
Mobility of SN (%
of total number of
nodes)
BPSK modulation
Error Counter(Bit
and Packet)
Assign SNR
(Initialize Error
counter)
Sending data
through channel
NO
Last packet
Start of Packet
Based loop(Np)
Demodulation/
Detection
YES
NO
Last SNR value

YES
Chose a node to
generate and
transmit data
randomly
Inner Decoder
(Convolutional
Code)

Eng. Dept.
Measurements
and Display of
Results
End
4/19/2015
Basic GUI of NWSNS

Eng. Dept.
4/19/2015

Eng. Dept.
4/19/2015
Initial Simulation Results

Tests Carried out;
o Error rate and throughput for RS code with 100
nodes
o Error rate and throughput for Concatenated
code with 100 nodes
o Measurements involved ( PER, BER,
Throughput (in terms of Bit & Packet per sec.)

Eng. Dept.
4/19/2015
Test Results
10
-1
10
-2
BER
10
-3
10
-4
10
-5
10
9
Eb/No
10
11
12
BER Performance of different systems over AWGN

Eng. Dept.
4/19/2015
13
Results of Hybrid Concatenated Code

Test Parameters;
Area (square); 1x1,10x10,100x100,1000x1000 (Km)

No. of Nodes =50,100, 200, 400 nodes
Percentage of Mobile Nodes (25%, 50%, 75%, 100% )
Codes RS(255,223), Conv.(3,1), ARQ(N=4)
No. of Packets : 10000 packets
Measurements ( PER, BER, Throughput in terms of Bit

& Packet per sec)
Eng. Dept.
4/19/2015
Test Results #1
10
10
-1
PER
Sys. #150 SN, 25% mob.,

11 Km
Sys. #2100 SN, 50% mob.,
1010 Km
Sys. #3200 SN, 75% mob.,
100100 Km
Sys. #4400 SN, 100% mob.,
10001000 Km
10
-2
Sys. #1
Sys. #2
Sys. #3
10
Sys. #4
-3
10
Eb/No
11
12
13
Error Performance of Different Systems over AWGN channel

with Hybrid Code, 10000 Packets.
Eng. Dept.
4/19/2015
14
Test Results #2
0
10
-1
10
PER
Sys. #150 SN, 25% mob.,

11 Km
Sys. #2100 SN, 50% mob.,
1010 Km
Sys. #3200 SN, 75% mob.,
100100 Km
Sys. #4400 SN, 100% mob.,
10001000 Km
-2
10
-3
10
-4
10
Sys. #1
Sys. #2
Sys. #3
Sys. #4
8
10
12
14
16
18
Eb/No
Error Performance of Different Systems over Flat Fading

channel with Hybrid Code, 10000 Packets.
Eng. Dept.
4/19/2015
20
Test Results #3
0
PER
Sys. #150 SN, 25% mob., 11 Km,

D. shift 20 Hz
Sys. #2 50 SN, 25% mob., 11 Km,
D. shift 40 Hz
Sys. #3 50 SN, 25% mob., 11 Km,
D. shift 80 Hz
Sys. #4 50 SN, 25% mob., 11 Km,
D. shift 60 Hz
Sys. #5 50 SN, 25% mob., 11 Km,
D. shift 200 Hz
Sys. #6 50 SN, 25% mob., 11 Km,
D. shift 280 Hz
Sys. #7 50 SN, 25% mob., 11 Km,
D. shift 440 Hz
10
-1
10
-2
10
Sys. #7
Sys. #6
Sys. #5
Sys. #4
Sys. #3
Sys. #2
Sys. #1
-3
10
-4
10
10
12
14
16
Eb/No
18
20
22
24
Error Performance of Different Systems over Multipath Selective

(SUI-1) Fading channel with Hybrid Code, 10000 Packets.
Eng. Dept.
4/19/2015
26
Test Results #4
10
10
PER
Sys. #1100 SN, 50% mob., 1010

Km, D. shift 20 Hz
Sys. #2100 SN, 50% mob., 1010
Km, D. shift 40 Hz
Sys. #3100 SN, 50% mob., 1010
Km, D. shift 80 Hz
Sys. #4100 SN, 50% mob., 1010
Km, D. shift 60 Hz
Sys. #5100 SN, 50% mob., 1010
Km, D. shift 200 Hz
Sys. #6100 SN, 50% mob., 1010
Km, D. shift 280 Hz
Sys. #7100 SN, 50% mob., 1010
Km, D. shift 440 Hz
10
10
-1
-2
Sys. #7
Sys. #6
-3
Sys. #5
Sys. #4
Sys. #3
10
Sys. #2
Sys. #1
-4
10
12
14
16
Eb/No
18
20
22
24

Eng. Dept.
4/19/2015
26
Test Results #5
10
PER
Sys. #1200 SN, 75% mob., 100100

Km, D. shift 20 Hz
Sys. #2200 SN, 75% mob., 100100
Km, D. shift 40 Hz
Sys. #3200 SN, 75% mob., 100100
-1
10
Km, D. shift 80 Hz
Sys. #4200 SN, 75% mob., 100100
Km, D. shift 60 Hz
Sys. #5200 SN, 75% mob., 100100
Km, D. shift 200 Hz
Sys. #6200 SN, 75% mob., 10010010-2
Km, D. shift 280 Hz
Sys. #7200 SN, 75% mob., 100100
Km, D. shift 440 Hz
10
Sys. #7
Sys. #6
Sys. #5
Sys. #4
Sys. #3
Sys. #2
Sys. #1
-3
10
12
14
16
Eb/No
18
20
22
24

channel (SUI-1) with Hybrid Code, 10000 Packets.
Eng. Dept.
4/19/2015
26
Test Results #6
PER
Sys. #1400 SN, 100% mob., 10001000

Km, D. shift 20 Hz
Sys. #2400 SN, 100% mob.,
10001000 Km, D. shift 40 Hz
Sys. #3400 SN, 100% mob.,
10001000 Km, D. shift 80 Hz
Sys. #4400 SN, 100% mob.,
10001000 Km, D. shift 60 Hz
Sys. #5400 SN, 100% mob.,10001000
Km, D. shift 200 Hz
Sys. #6400 SN, 100% mob.,10001000
Km, D. shift 280 Hz
Sys. #7400 SN, 100% mob.,10001000
Km, D. shift 440 Hz
10
10
-1
10
Sys. #7
Sys. #6
Sys. #5
Sys. #4
Sys. #3
Sys. #2
Sys. #1
-2
10
-3
10
10
12
14
16
Eb/No
18
20
22
24

channel (SUI-1) with Hybrid Code, 10000 Packets.
Eng. Dept.
4/19/2015
26
Test Results #7
2.6
10
Throughput(Packet/sec)
Sys. #150 SN, 25% mob.,

11 Km
Sys. #2100 SN, 50% mob.,
1010 Km
Sys. #3200 SN, 75% mob.,
100100 Km
Sys. #4400 SN, 100% mob.,
10001000 Km
2.5
10
2.4
10
2.3
10
Sys. #1
Sys. #2
Sys. #3
Sys. #4
6
10
12
14
16
Eb/No
18
20
22
24
Throughput variation with SNR of Different Systems over

AWGN channel with Hybrid Code, 10000 Packets
Eng. Dept.
4/19/2015
26
Test Results #8
Sys. #150 SN, 25% mob.,

11 Km
Sys. #2100 SN, 50% mob.,
1010 Km
Sys. #3200 SN, 75% mob.,
100100 Km
Sys. #4400 SN, 100% mob.,
10001000 Km
2.6
10
2.5
10
2.4
10
2.3
10
Sys. #1
Sys. #2
Sys. #3
Sys. #4
2.2
10
10
12
14
16
Eb/No
18
20
22
24
Throughput variation with SNR of Different Systems over Flat

Fading channel with Hybrid Code, 10000 Packets
Eng. Dept.
4/19/2015
26
Test Results #9
500
450
400
Sys. #1100 SN, 50% mob., 1010

Km, D. shift 20 Hz
Sys. #2 100 SN, 50% mob., 1010
Km, D. shift 40 Hz
Sys. #3 100 SN, 50% mob., 1010
Km, D. shift 80 Hz
Sys. #4 100 SN, 50% mob., 1010
Km, D. shift 60 Hz
Sys. #5 100 SN, 50% mob., 1010
Km, D. shift 200 Hz
Sys. #6 100 SN, 50% mob., 1010
Km, D. shift 280 Hz
Sys. #7 100 SN, 50% mob., 1010
Km, D. shift 440 Hz
350
300
250
200
Sys. #7
Sys. #6
Sys. #5
Sys. #4
Sys. #3
Sys. #2
Sys. #1
150
100
50
0
10
Eb/No
12
14
16
Throughput variation with SNR of Different Systems over Multipath

channel (SUI-1) with Hybrid Code, 10000 Packets
Eng. Dept.
4/19/2015
18
20
Test Results #10
Sys. #150 SN, 75% mob., 100100

Km, D. shift 20 Hz
Sys. #250 SN, 75% mob., 100100
Km, D. shift 40 Hz
Sys. #350 SN, 75% mob., 100100
Km, D. shift 80 Hz
Sys. #450 SN, 75% mob., 100100
Km, D. shift 60 Hz
Sys. #550 SN, 75% mob., 100100
Km, D. shift 200 Hz
Sys. #650 SN, 75% mob., 100100
Km, D. shift 280 Hz
Sys. #750 SN, 75% mob., 100100
Km, D. shift 440 Hz
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
Sys. #7
Sys. #6
Sys. #5
Sys. #4
Sys. #3
Sys. #2
Sys. #1
150
100
50
0
10
Eb/No
12
14
16
18

Eng. Dept.
4/19/2015
20
Test Results #11

500
400
Sys. #1200 SN, 75% mob., 100100

Km, D. shift 20 Hz
Sys. #2200 SN, 75% mob., 100100
Km, D. shift 40 Hz
Sys. #3200 SN, 75% mob., 100100
Km, D. shift 80 Hz
Sys. #4200 SN, 75% mob., 100100
Km, D. shift 60 Hz
Sys. #5200 SN, 75% mob., 100100
Km, D. shift 200 Hz
Sys. #6200 SN, 75% mob., 100100
Km, D. shift 280 Hz
Sys. #7200 SN, 75% mob., 100100
Km, D. shift 440 Hz
300
200
Sys. #7
Sys. #6
Sys. #5
Sys. #4
Sys. #3
Sys. #2
Sys. #1
100
-100
0
10
Eb/No
12
14
16

Eng. Dept.
4/19/2015
18
20
Test Results #12

500
400
Sys. #1400 SN, 100% mob., 10001000

Km, D. shift 20 Hz
Sys. #2400 SN, 100% mob.,
10001000 Km, D. shift 40 Hz
Sys. #3400 SN, 100% mob.,
10001000 Km, D. shift 80 Hz
Sys. #4400 SN, 100% mob.,
10001000 Km, D. shift 60 Hz
Sys. #5400 SN, 100% mob.,10001000
Km, D. shift 200 Hz
Sys. #6400 SN, 100% mob.,10001000
Km, D. shift 280 Hz
Sys. #7400 SN, 100% mob.,10001000
Km, D. shift 440 Hz
300
200
Sys. #7
Sys. #6
Sys. #5
Sys. #4
Sys. #3
Sys. #2
Sys. #1
100
-100
0
10
Eb/No
12
14
16

Eng. Dept.
4/19/2015
18
20
Test Results #13

10
-1
-2
BER
Sys. #150 SN, 25% mob.,

11 Km
Sys. #2100 SN, 50% mob.,
1010 Km
Sys. #3200 SN, 75% mob.,
100100 Km
Sys. #4400 SN, 100% mob.,
10001000 Km
10
10
10
-3
Sys. #1
Sys. #2
Sys. #3
Sys. #4
-4
10
11
Eb/No
12
13
14
Error Performance of Different Systems over AWGN channel with Hybrid

Code, 10000 Packets.
Eng. Dept.
4/19/2015
15
Test Results #14

10
10
-2
BER
Sys. #150 SN, 25% mob.,

11 Km
Sys. #2100 SN, 50% mob.,
1010 Km
Sys. #3200 SN, 75% mob.,
100100 Km
Sys. #4400 SN, 100% mob.,
10001000 Km
-1
10
-3
Sys. #1
Sys. #2
Sys. #3
10
Sys. #4
-4
10
12
14
16
18
Eb/No
Error Performance of Different Systems over Flat Fading channel with

Hybrid Code, 10000 Packets.
Eng. Dept.
4/19/2015
20
Test Results #15

0
10
-1
10
BER
Sys. #150 SN, 25% mob., 11 Km,

D. shift 20 Hz
Sys. #2 50 SN, 25% mob., 11 Km,
D. shift 40 Hz
Sys. #3 50 SN, 25% mob., 11 Km,
D. shift 80 Hz
Sys. #4 50 SN, 25% mob., 11 Km,
D. shift 60 Hz
Sys. #5 50 SN, 25% mob., 11 Km,
D. shift 200 Hz
Sys. #6 50 SN, 25% mob., 11 Km,
D. shift 280 Hz
Sys. #7 50 SN, 25% mob., 11 Km,
D. shift 440 Hz
-2
10
Sys. #7
Sys. #6
Sys. #5
-3
10
Sys. #4
Sys. #3
Sys. #2
Sys. #1
-4
10
10
12
14
16
Eb/No
18
20
22
24

Eng. Dept.
4/19/2015
26
Test Results #16

10
10
10
-1
-2
BER
Sys. #1100 SN, 50% mob., 1010

Km, D. shift 20 Hz
Sys. #2100 SN, 50% mob., 1010
Km, D. shift 40 Hz
Sys. #3100 SN, 50% mob., 1010
Km, D. shift 80 Hz
Sys. #4100 SN, 50% mob., 1010
Km, D. shift 60 Hz
Sys. #5100 SN, 50% mob., 1010
Km, D. shift 200 Hz
Sys. #6100 SN, 50% mob., 1010
Km, D. shift 280 Hz
Sys. #7100 SN, 50% mob., 1010
Km, D. shift 440 Hz
10
-3
Sys. #7
Sys. #6
Sys. #5
10
-4
Sys. #4
Sys. #3
Sys. #2
Sys. #1
10
-5
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
Eb/No

Eng. Dept.
4/19/2015
26
Test Results #17

10
-1
BER
Sys. #1200 SN, 75% mob., 100100

Km, D. shift 20 Hz
Sys. #2200 SN, 75% mob., 100100
Km, D. shift 40 Hz
Sys. #3200 SN, 75% mob., 100100
Km, D. shift 80 Hz
Sys. #4200 SN, 75% mob., 100100
Km, D. shift 60 Hz
Sys. #5200 SN, 75% mob., 100100
Km, D. shift 200 Hz
Sys. #6200 SN, 75% mob., 100100
Km, D. shift 280 Hz
Sys. #7200 SN, 75% mob., 100100
Km, D. shift 440 Hz
10
10
-2
Sys. #7
Sys. #6
Sys. #5
Sys. #4
Sys. #3
Sys. #2
10
Sys. #1
-3
10
12
14
16
Eb/No
18
20
22
24

Eng. Dept.
4/19/2015
26
Test Results #18

0
-1
10
BER
Sys. #1400 SN, 100% mob., 10001000

Km, D. shift 20 Hz
Sys. #2400 SN, 100% mob.,
10001000 Km, D. shift 40 Hz
Sys. #3400 SN, 100% mob.,
10001000 Km, D. shift 80 Hz
Sys. #4400 SN, 100% mob.,
10001000 Km, D. shift 60 Hz
Sys. #5400 SN, 100% mob.,10001000
Km, D. shift 200 Hz
Sys. #6400 SN, 100% mob.,10001000
Km, D. shift 280 Hz
Sys. #7400 SN, 100% mob.,10001000
Km, D. shift 440 Hz
10
-2
10
Sys. #7
Sys. #6
Sys. #5
Sys. #4
Sys. #3
Sys. #2
Sys. #1
-3
10
10
12
14
16
Eb/No
18
20
22
24

Eng. Dept.
4/19/2015
26
Sys. #150 SN, 25% mob.,

11 Km
Sys. #2100 SN, 50% mob.,
1010 Km
Sys. #3200 SN, 75% mob.,
100100 Km
Sys. #4400 SN, 100% mob.,
10001000 Km
Throughput(Bit/sec)
Test Results #19
10
5.9
Sys. #1
Sys. #2
Sys. #3
10
5.8
Sys. #4
6
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
Eb/No
Throughput variation with SNR of Different Systems over AWGN

Eng. Dept.
4/19/2015
26
Sys. #150 SN, 25% mob.,

11 Km
Sys. #2100 SN, 50% mob.,
1010 Km
Sys. #3200 SN, 75% mob.,
100100 Km
Sys. #4400 SN, 100% mob.,
10001000 Km
Throughput(Bit/sec)
Test Results #20

5.9
10
Sys.
Sys.
Sys.
Sys.
5.8
10
10
12
14
16
Eb/No
18
20
22
24
Throughput variation with SNR of Different Systems over Flat Fading

Eng. Dept.
4/19/2015
#1
#2
#3
#4
26
Test Results #21

10
8
Throughput(Bit/Sec)
Sys. #150 SN, 25% mob., 11 Km,

D. shift 20 Hz
Sys. #2 50 SN, 25% mob., 11 Km,
D. shift 40 Hz
Sys. #3 50 SN, 25% mob., 11 Km,
D. shift 80 Hz
Sys. #4 50 SN, 25% mob., 11 Km,
D. shift 60 Hz
Sys. #5 50 SN, 25% mob., 11 Km,
D. shift 200 Hz
Sys. #6 50 SN, 25% mob., 11 Km,
D. shift 280 Hz
Sys. #7 50 SN, 25% mob., 11 Km,
D. shift 440 Hz
x 10
Sys. #7
Sys. #6
Sys. #5
Sys. #4
Sys. #3
Sys. #2
Sys. #1
10
Eb/No
12
14
16
18

Eng. Dept.
4/19/2015
20
Test Results #22

5
10
9
8
Throughput(Bit/Sec)
Sys. #1100 SN, 50% mob., 1010

Km, D. shift 20 Hz
Sys. #2100 SN, 50% mob., 1010
Km, D. shift 40 Hz
Sys. #3100 SN, 50% mob., 1010
Km, D. shift 80 Hz
Sys. #4100 SN, 50% mob., 1010
Km, D. shift 60 Hz
Sys. #5100 SN, 50% mob., 1010
Km, D. shift 200 Hz
Sys. #6100 SN, 50% mob., 1010
Km, D. shift 280 Hz
Sys. #7100 SN, 50% mob., 1010
Km, D. shift 440 Hz
x 10
7
6
Sys. #7
Sys. #6
Sys. #5
Sys. #4
Sys. #3
Sys. #2
Sys. #1
5
4
3
0
10
Eb/No
12
14
16
18

Eng. Dept.
4/19/2015
20
Test Results #23

5
10
9
8
Throughput(Bit/Sec)
Sys. #1200 SN, 75% mob., 100100

Km, D. shift 20 Hz
Sys. #2200 SN, 75% mob., 100100
Km, D. shift 40 Hz
Sys. #3200 SN, 75% mob., 100100
Km, D. shift 80 Hz
Sys. #4200 SN, 75% mob., 100100
Km, D. shift 60 Hz
Sys. #5200 SN, 75% mob., 100100
Km, D. shift 200 Hz
Sys. #6200 SN, 75% mob., 100100
Km, D. shift 280 Hz
Sys. #7200 SN, 75% mob., 100100
Km, D. shift 440 Hz
x 10
7
6
Sys. #7
Sys. #6
Sys. #5
Sys. #4
Sys. #3
Sys. #2
Sys. #1
5
4
3
0
10
Eb/No
12
14
16
18

Eng. Dept.
4/19/2015
20
Test Results #24

5
10
9
8
Throughput(Bit/Sec)
Sys. #1400 SN, 100% mob., 10001000

Km, D. shift 20 Hz
Sys. #2400 SN, 100% mob.,
10001000 Km, D. shift 40 Hz
Sys. #3400 SN, 100% mob.,
10001000 Km, D. shift 80 Hz
Sys. #4400 SN, 100% mob.,
10001000 Km, D. shift 60 Hz
Sys. #5400 SN, 100% mob.,10001000
Km, D. shift 200 Hz
Sys. #6400 SN, 100% mob.,10001000
Km, D. shift 280 Hz
Sys. #7400 SN, 100% mob.,10001000
Km, D. shift 440 Hz
x 10
7
6
Sys. #7
Sys. #6
Sys. #5
Sys. #4
Sys. #3
Sys. #2
Sys. #1
5
4
3
0
10
Eb/No
12
14
16

Eng. Dept.
4/19/2015
18
20
Conclusions
A successful simulator is built to meet the required WSN

simulation tasks and parameters.
The initial results confirm the need for error correction scheme
that reduce the errors to some extends so that the consumed
energy will be reduced accordingly.
The increase of Doppler (or the mobile node speed) degrades
the performance of the systems and reduce their throughput.
Thus more sophisticated coding scheme is required under such
condition.
The use of HARQ improved the error and throughput
performance over fading channels on the expense of (possibly)
more packet retransmissions.
Further conclusions will be drawn when actual energy
measurements will be involved after completing the full
investigation regarding consumed energy required based on
packet size and maximum number of retransmission involved in
ARQ scheme.
Eng. Dept.
4/19/2015
Future Work
Proposal of a coding schemes that are the most
promising ones to achieve the highest throughput
with least energy consumption.
Further investigation is required on the best coding
parameters of the constituent encoders used in
HARQ arrangement.
Modifying the simulator to take into account the
routing algorithm so that the network layer protocol
performance will be covered together with the
coding and modulation applied at the physical
layer.
Eng. Dept.
4/19/2015
THANK YOU
Eng. Dept.
4/19/2015

Error Correction Schemes For Wireless Sensor Networks

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Error Correction

Schemes for Wireless

Al-Nharian University/ Info.& Comm.

Aim of the Project

Al-Nharian University/ Info.& Comm.

Background and Project task

Outline of Main Research Steps

Al-Nharian University/ Info.& Comm.

Assumptions &Parameters (Cont.2)

Assumptions &Parameters (Cont.2)

Assumptions &Parameters (Cont.3)

Al-Nharian University/ Info.& Comm.

Assumptions &Parameters (Cont.4)

Al-Nharian University/ Info.& Comm.

Advantage: Relatively simple decoding & achieve high

Hybrid ARQ Code

NWSNS = Nahrain university Wireless Sensor

Outer Decoder (RS

Last SNR value

Al-Nharian University/ Info.& Comm.

Basic GUI of NWSNS

Al-Nharian University/ Info.& Comm.

Al-Nharian University/ Info.& Comm.

Initial Simulation Results

Al-Nharian University/ Info.& Comm.

BER Performance of different systems over AWGN

Results of Hybrid Concatenated Code

Area (square); 1x1,10x10,100x100,1000x1000 (Km)

Measurements ( PER, BER, Throughput in terms of Bit

Sys. #150 SN, 25% mob.,

Error Performance of Different Systems over AWGN channel

Sys. #150 SN, 25% mob.,

Error Performance of Different Systems over Flat Fading

Sys. #150 SN, 25% mob., 11 Km,

Error Performance of Different Systems over Multipath Selective

Sys. #1100 SN, 50% mob., 1010

Error Performance of Different Systems over Multipath Selective

Sys. #1200 SN, 75% mob., 100100

Error Performance of Different Systems over Multipath Selective

Sys. #1400 SN, 100% mob., 10001000

Error Performance of Different Systems over Multipath Selective

Sys. #150 SN, 25% mob.,

Throughput variation with SNR of Different Systems over

Sys. #150 SN, 25% mob.,

Throughput variation with SNR of Different Systems over Flat

Sys. #1100 SN, 50% mob., 1010

Throughput variation with SNR of Different Systems over Multipath

Test Results #10

Sys. #150 SN, 75% mob., 100100

Throughput variation with SNR of Different Systems over Multipath

Test Results #11

Sys. #1200 SN, 75% mob., 100100

Throughput variation with SNR of Different Systems over Multipath

Test Results #12

Sys. #1400 SN, 100% mob., 10001000

Throughput variation with SNR of Different Systems over Multipath

Test Results #13

Sys. #150 SN, 25% mob.,

Error Performance of Different Systems over AWGN channel with Hybrid