Group Assignment

English 2
Synonym and Antonym
Lecturer:
Lukman Hakim, MS

Created by:

Dwi Nurhartinah Pratiwi 111408400000

Astrid Nadya Rizqita
11140840000028
Rani
11140840000026

Economics and Development Studies

Faculty of Economics and Business
Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University
2014

Foreword
Bismillaahirrahmaanirrahiim

Assalamualaikum warahmatullaahi wabarakaatuh.

Alhamdulillah. Praise to Allah, the Lord of the Heavens and the Earth.
A big thank you goes out to our lecturer, Mr. Lukman Hakim who has given us this task to
complete, thus giving us the sense of sheer motivation and the strive to improve in English
and increase in knowledge.
We fully acknowledge and understand that perfection lies in Allah SWT alone and that this
paper is not without mistakes, therefore we are open to suggestions that would help us
become better university students in the future.
Wassalamualaikum warahmatullaahi wabarakaatuh.

Jakarta, 06 March 2015

Group Number Twelve

Introduction
Background of the Analysis

As the first-spoken language in the world, English undoubtedly has become a very
crucial tool for us to be able to communicate with practically anyone all over the
globe. Being able to master it has become a very central priority for those who are not
native speakers of the language. It certainly is not easy as turning the palm of the hand
but is still possible if one has the strong willpower to overcome obstacles that may
come in the way.
One of the most important aspects of any language is vocabulary. Indeed, although
one mastered the basics of English grammar, it is still not enough. Sentences consist
of words, and in order to construct sentences, one ought to know which words to use
in order to put the message across.
In this occasion, our group would be presenting the definition of the synonym and
antonym, its examples, and exercises.
Purpose

Understanding the same and similar meaning

Understanding the opposite meaning
Question for quizzes and exercises

DISCUSSION
SYNONYM
Definition of synonym:
A word having the same or nearly the same meaning as another in the language, as happy,
joyful, elated. A dictionary of synonyms and antonyms (or opposites), such
as Thesaurus.com, is called a thesaurus.1
Word origin: Greek, syn = same, onyma = a name
Synonym is a key to better writing, as it shows to readers that the writer knows a lot of
vocabularies as such that the text written by the writer does not appear to become bland.
Another reason to use synonyms is the fact that a passage may appear to be ineffective in
conveying a message to the readers.
Synonyms can be nouns, adverbs, adjectives, verbs or prepositions, as long the words have
the same part of speech.

Short list of synonyms in English, listed by the part of speech

Nouns

Belly / stomach

Children / kids

Disaster / catastrophe

Earth / soil

Father / dad

Happiness / joy

Instinct / intuition

Mother / mom

Present / gift

1 Dictionary.com. Dictionary.com, n.d. Web. 04 Mar. 2015.

Sunrise / dawn

Verbs

Answer / reply

Beat / defeat

Behave / act

Begin / start

Close / shut

Leave / exit

Provide / supply

Select / choose

Shout / yell

Speak / talk

Adjectives

Big / large

Complete / total

Correct / right

Crazy / mad

Foolish / silly

Happy / glad

Hard / difficult

Ill / sick

Last / final

Near / close

Sad / unhappy

Stable / steady

Adverbs

Abroad / overseas

Almost / nearly

Badly / poorly

Fast / quickly

Intentionally / on purpose

Out / outside

Rarely / seldom

Sometimes / occasionally

Surely / for sure

Very / highly / extremely

Prepositions

Above / over

About / regarding / concerning

Against / versus

Below / beneath / under

By / via

Despite / in spite of

In / into

Off / away

Until / till

With / including

Conjunctions

And / plus

Because / since

But / yet

If / provided

Once / as soon as

Interjections

Hello / hi

Gee / gosh

Goodness / goodness me / my goodness

No / nope

Oh Lord / good Lord

Thanks / thank you

Whoopee / yahoo / hooray

Yes / yeah

Synonyms are not necessarily the same!

They can be very similar, but they do not necessarily mean the same.2
Here is a common example.
The following words are all synonyms. Their general meaning is "pleasant to look at."
There are however important nuances.
Look at the illustrations, read the definitions and see for yourself.
2 "Synonyms and Antonyms Explained." Synonyms and Antonyms Explained. Really Learn
English!, n.d. Web. 06 Mar. 2015. <http://www.really-learn-english.com/synonyms-andantonyms.html>.

Pretty, beautiful, handsome... What's the difference?

Pretty

Beautiful

Handsome

Pretty =
delicate and pleasant to
look at.

Beautiful =
pleasant to look at.

Handsome =
(of a man)
pleasant to look at.

Lovely

Ravishing

Good-looking

Ravishing =
very beautiful.

Good-looking =
physically pleasant to
look at.

Adorable

Gorgeous

Lovely =
(of someone that makes
you have a strong feeling
for them)
graceful and very pleasant
to look at.

Cute

Cute =
(of someone young or
something small)
charming and pleasant to
look at.

Adorable =
very pleasant to look at
and very easy to love.

Gorgeous =
impressive and
extremely pleasant to
look at.

Here is another example:

"To ask" means to say or write what you wish to happen.
"To request" means to say or write what you wish to happen, but it has a formal use.
In other words, you would use "ask" and "request" in different situations and contexts.
So it's not enough just to study a word's meaning and synonyms. You should also be
aware of the subtle difference, nuances, and usage issues of each individual word.
Additional example:
One of the meanings of "hurt" is to "to be painful."
For example, "My back hurts."
One synonym of "hurt" is "ache."
"To ache" means "to be painful, in a dull way." A dull pain means that it is not very
strong, but it is continuous.
For example, "i've been standing for so long that now my feet ache."
"hurt" and "ache" are synonyms. Their meanings are indeed very similar, but not
identical.

Synonym Questions3
1. Remote
A. Automatic
B. Distant
C. Savage
D. Mean
2. Detest
A. Argue
B. Hate
C. Discover
D. Reveal
3. Gracious
A. Pretty
B. Clever
C. Pleasant
D. Present
4. Predict
A. Foretell
B. Decide
C. Prevent
D. Discover
5. Kin
A. Exult
B. Twist
C. Friend
D. Relative
6. Pensive
A. Oppressed
B. Caged
C. Thoughtful
D. Happy
7. Banish
A. Exile
B. Hate
C. Fade
D. Clean
8. Fraud
A. Malcontent
B. Argument
C. Imposter
3 501 Synonym & Antonym Questions

D. Clown
9. Saccharine
A. Leave
B. Sweet
C. Arid
D. Quit
10. Drag
A. Sleepy
B. Crush
C. Proud
D. Pull
11. Jovial
A. Incredulous
B. Merry
C. Revolting
D. Dizzy
12. Indifferent
A. Neutral
B. Unkind
C. Precious
D. Mean
13. Simulate
A. Excite
B. Imitate
C. Trick
D. Apelike
14. Charisma
A. Ghost
B. Force
C. Charm
D. Courage
15. Apportion
A. Divide
B. Decide
C. Cut
D. Squabble
16. Generic
A. General
B. Cheap
C. Fresh
D. Elderly

17. Qualm
A. Distress
B. Impunity
C. Persevere
D. Scruple
18. Wary
A. Calm
B. Curved
C. Confused
D. Cautious
19. Distort
A. Wrong
B. Evil
C. Deform
D. Harm
20. Sumptuous
A. Delirious
B. Gorgeous
C. Perilous
D. Luxurious
More questions on Synonyms4
1. Kim and Dave will move into the
Apartment when it becomes vacant.
A. Clean b. Empty c. Built
2. Moving day can cause people a
Lot of stress.
A. Variety b. Curiosity
C. Anxiety
3. We could use some assistance
With the move, Kim told Dave.
A. Money b. Help c. Advice
4. ill ask Alberto, Dave said. Hes
A brawny fellow.
A. Smart b. Nice c. Strong
5. Kim and Dave were thrilled with
Their new apartment.
A. Excited b. Worried
C. Thinking
4 Building Vocabulary Skills and Strategies p. 10

6. It was much more spacious than

Their old place.
A. Roomy b. Crowded
C. Expensive
7. They feel lucky to be tenants in
Such a nice building.
A. Living b. Renters c. Adults
8. Kim, who is rather finicky, made
Dave move the couch three times.
A. Artistic b. Picky c. Nasty
9. When they were settled, Dave
Snapped photos for their album.
A. Wall b. Relatives
C. Scrapbook
10. Moving into a new home is one of
Lifes major milestones!
A. Events b. Problems
C. Disasters
Match each word with its synonyms

Answer: 1. Change, 2. Often, 3. Untrue, 4. Polite, 5. Fall, 6. Want, 7. Maybe, 8. Clever, 9.

Attorney, 10. Backbone
Referring to the paragraphs above, it can be understood that in order to be able to identify or
use more synonyms in texts, one must have enough practice. A person who has more
vocabularies have more synonyms to use in mind.
ANTONYM
Sometimes, at a certain point, when a person is trying to compare two different things, he or
she tends to use a word that has an opposite meaning with a commonly used word.
Nevertheless, this is still correct because an antonym is a word opposite in meaning to
another (e.g., bad and good ). It comes from the Greek words "anti" for opposite and "onym"
for name. Since language is complex, people may at times, disagree on what words are
truly opposite in meaning to other words.

There are three categories of antonyms:

1. Graded Antonyms
Graded Antonyms deal with levels of the meaning of the words, like if something is not
"good", is may still not be "bad." There is a scale involved with some words, and besides
good and bad there can be average, fair, excellent, terrible, poor, or satisfactory.
Examples:

Last and first

Foolish and wise

Abundant and scarce

Dark and light

Dangerous and safe

Clever and foolish

Early and late

Empty and full

Smart and dumb

Risky and safe

Bad and good

Pretty and ugly

Best and worst

Rich and poor

Cool and hot

Wet and dry

Late and early

Ignorant and educated

Big and small

Optimistic and pessimistic

Excited and bored

Dull and interesting

2. Complementary Antonyms
Complementary antonyms have a relationship where there is no middle ground. There are
only two possibilities, either one or the other.
Examples:

Dead and alive

Off and on

Day and night

Absent and present

Exit and entrance

Sink or float

True or false

Input and output

Interior and exterior

Exhale and inhale

3. Relational Antonyms
Relational antonyms are sometimes considered a subcategory of complementary antonyms.
With these pairs, for there to be a relationship, both must exist.
Examples:

Doctor and patient

Buy and sell

Predator and prey

Above and below

Teach and learn

Instructor and pupil

Servant and master

Borrow and lend

AN EXAMPLE:

Choose the best antonym:

Q. RESTIVE:
A) Patient
B) Rigorous

C) Deceptive

D) Active

E) Cautious

Solution:
The word, restive, is tricky, because it sounds like it has something to do with rest. Therefore,
option (D) active would be the best antonym. However, this is a trick.Restive actually means
restless. So, the correct answer is patient, a good antonym for restless.
Just like synonyms, antonyms also exist as different parts of speeches. Here is a list of
antonyms listed by part of speech:
Nouns

Day / night

East / west

Enemy / friend

Failure / success

Guest / host

Health / disease

Question / answer

Speaker / listener

Summer / winter

Top / bottom

Verbs

Agree / disagree

Arrive / leave

Begin / end

Fall asleep / wake up

Find / lose

Lend / borrow

Love / hate

Open / close

Remember / forget

Start / stop

Adjectives

Asleep / awake

Beautiful / ugly

Big / small

Black / white

Cheap / expensive

Dead / alive

Dry / wet

Easy / difficult

Full / empty

Good / bad

Hot / cold

Intelligent / stupid

Sad / happy

Sick / healthy

Thin / fat

Adverbs

Always / never

Angrily / happily

Fast / slowly

Here / there

Inside / outside

Likely / unlikely

Near / far

Partly / fully

Seemingly / actually

Yesterday / tomorrow

Prepositions

Above / below

Against / for

Before / after

In / out

Like / unlike

On / off

Plus / minus

To / from

Towards / away

With / without

Conjunctions

And / or

Therefore / nevertheless

Interjections

Bravo / boo

Hello / goodbye

Holy cow / duh

Phew / oops

Thanks / no thanks

Yes / no

Yippee / oh my

Why are synonyms and antonyms important?

Knowing synonyms and antonyms can help you express yourself better more CLEARLY.
If you know different words that describe the same thing (but in a slightly different way, or
from a different angle), you can chose the best word (synonym) to use.
That way, you are able to deliver the exact message you intend to communicate.

Knowing synonyms and antonyms can help you express yourself better with more
VARIETY and more COLOURFULLY. (Here, "colorful" means "interesting or exciting.")
Repeating the same words tends to get monotonous. It doesn't sound good in natural speech,
and even more so in artistic writing (poetry, prose). Using synonyms makes your speech or
writing richer and more "colorful."
Using antonyms helps to emphasize your point, show contrast, or explain exactly what you
mean. Antonyms too add "colors" to your speech or writing.
For example, compare these two paragraphs:
"The girl looked out the window. While looking out the window, the girl noticed a little kitty.
The kitty she noticed was not fat. It was very much not fat."

"The girl looked out the window. While glancing outside, she noticed a little kitty. The kitten
she saw was not fat. It was skinny, and not chubby at all."

In addition, You can really get full understanding of an area if you learn the different
synonyms that apply to it, and their nuances.

For example, cost, charge, and fee, are all used to describe money that you pay for
something:
Cost = the amount of money that you need to buy, make or do something. (How much is
spent by the buyer.)

The total cost was $100.

You can get a new roof at the cost of $850.

They protest against the high cost of living.

Charge = an amount of money that is asked in return for goods or services. (How much is
requested by the seller/provider.)

There is a monthly charge of $7 for using the phone.

There is an admission charge at the circus.

The shipment will be free of charge.

Fee = an amount of money that you have to pay for professional advice or services (the
officially set price).

The college has a fee for the services that it provides.

These fees do not cover accommodation or meals.

My insurance covers the doctor's fee.

As you can see, cost, charge and fee have similar meanings, but there are slight differences
present. They can be used slightly differently.
These words have different uses as verbs, too:

How much does it cost? (not: How much does it charge?)

How much do you charge for fixing the roof? (not: How much do you cost for fixing
the roof?)

In order to have a better understanding of antonyms, a lot of practice is required. Here are
some practice questions on antonyms:
Antonyms 1 Level 125
Directions: Choose the word that is most nearly opposite in meaning to the word in
capital letters.
1. ASSUAGE
A. mitigate
B. inflame
C. inhibit
D. conciliate
E. aver
2. ROMANTIC
A. frivolous
B. pensive
5 http://www.englishforeveryone.org/PDFs/Level_12_Antonyms_1.pdf

C. earthy
D. tacit
E. scathing
3. INFIRM
A. hospitable
B. equestrian
C. tremulous
D. robust
E. anemic
4. ANOMALY
A. recurrence
B. aberration
C. recapitulation
D. felicity
E. consistency
5. MELANCHOLY
A. exuberant
B. composed
C. lugubrious
D. fetid
E. esteemed
6. ADROIT
A. gauche
B. lumbering
C. amateurish

D. adept
E. uncouth
7. YOKE
A. mar
B. fell
C. pervert
D. split
E. conjoin
8. INANE
A. tawdry
B. keen
C. vacuous
D. innocuous
E. pellucid
9. INDULGE
A. abstain
B. quaff
C. regress
D. absolve
E. imbibe
10. REPULSION
A. repugnance
B. aversion
C. destitution
D. petulance

E. attraction

CONCLUSION
An adequate sense of vocabulary comes with practicing and reading books. Just like
everything in general, this needs time and energy but at the end will be worth the hardwork.
REFERENCES
1. "Synonyms and Antonyms Explained." Synonyms and Antonyms Explained.
Really Learn English!, n.d. Web. 06 Mar. 2015. <http://www.really-learnenglish.com/synonyms-and-antonyms.html>.
2. Dictionary.com. Dictionary.com, n.d. Web. 04 Mar. 2015.
3. 501 Synonym & Antonym Questions
4. Building Vocabulary Skills and Strategies p. 10
5. http://www.englishforeveryone.org/PDFs/Level_12_Antonyms_1.pdf