Chapter - 19 Optical Instruments: Objective - I

CHAPTER 19
OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS
OBJECTIVE - I
1.
The size of an object as perceived by an eye depends

primarily on
(a) actual size of the object
(b) distance of the object from the eye
(c) aperture of the pupil
(d) size of the image formed on the retina.
2.
The muscles of a normal eye are least strained when the eye is
focused on an object
(a) far away from the eye
(b) very close to the eye
(c) at about 25 cm from the eye
(d) at about 1 m from the eye.
3.
A normal eye is not able to see objects closer than 25 cm because

(a) the focal length of the eye is 25 cm
(b) the distance of the retina from the eye-lens is 25 cm
(c) the eye is not able to decrease the distance between the eye-lens
and the retina beyond a limit
(d) the eye is not able to decrease the focal length beyond a limit.
4.
When objects at different distances are seen by the eye, which of

the following remain constant?
(a) The focal length of the eye-lens.
(b) The object-distance from the eye-lens.
(c) The radii of curvature of the eye-lens.
(d) The image-distance from the eye-lens.
5.
A person A can clearly see objects between 25 cm and 200 cm.

Which of the following may represent the range of clear vision for a
person B having muscles stronger than A, but all other parameters
of eye identical to that of A?
(a) 25 cm to 200 cm
(b) 18 cm to 200 cm
(c) 25 cm to 300 cm
(d) 18 cm to 300 cm.
6.
The focal length of a normal eye-lens is about

(a) 1 mm
(b) 2 cm
(c) 25 cm
(d) 1 m.
7.
The distance of the eye-lens from the retina is x. For a normal eye,
the maximum focal length of the eye-lens
(a) = x
(b) < x
(c) > x
(d) =2 x.
8.
A man wearing glasses of focal length +1m cannot clearly see

beyond 1 m
(a) if he is farsighted
(b) if he is nearsighted
(c) if his vision is normal
(d) in each of these cases.
9.
An object is placed at a distance u from a simple microscope of

focal length f. The angular magnification obtained depends
(a) on f but not on u
(b) on u but not on f
(c) on f as well as u
(d) neither on f nor on u.
10.
To increase the angular magnification of a simple microscope, one

should increase
(a) the focal length of the lens
(b) the power of the lens
(c) the aperture of the lens
(d) the object size.
11.
A man is looking at a small object placed at his near point.

Without altering the position of his eye or the object, he puts a
simple microscope of magnifying power 5 X before his eyes. The
angular magnification achieved is
(a) 5
(b) 2.5
(c) 1
(d) 0.2.
OBJECTIVE - II
1.
When we see an object, the image formed on the retina is.

(a) real
(b) virtual
(c) erect
(d) inverted.
2.
In which of the following the final image is erect?

(a) Simple microscope.
(b) Compound microscope.
(c) Astronomical telescope.
(d) Galilean telescope.
3.
The maximum focal length of the eye - lens of a person is greater

than its distance from the retina. The eye is
(a) always strained in looking at an object
(b) strained for objects at large distances only
(c) strained for objects at short distances only
(d) unstrained for all distances.
4.
Mark the correct options.

(a) If the far point goes ahead, the power of the divergent lens
should be reduced.
(b) If the near point goes ahead, the power of the convergent lens
should be reduced.
(c) If the far point is 1 m away from the eye, divergent lens should
be used.
(d) If the near point is 1 m away from the eye, divergent lens should
be used.
5.
The focal length of the objective of a compound microscope is fo and

its distance from the eyepiece is L. The object is placed at a
distance u from the objective. For proper working of the
instrument,
(a) L < u
(b) L > u
(c) fo < L < 2fo
(d) L > 2fo.
EXERCISES
1.
A person looks
following details.
apparent sizes.
Tree
A
B
C
D
at different trees in an open space with the

Arrange the trees in decreasing order of their
Height(m)
2.0
2.5
1.8
2.8
Distance from the eye(m)

50
80
70
100
2.
An object is to be seen through a simple microscope of focal length

12 cm. Where should the object be placed so as to produce
maximum angular magnification? The least distance for clear
vision is 25 cm.
3.
A simple microscope has a magnifying power of 3.0 when

the image is formed at the near point (25 cm) of a normal eye. (a)
What is its focal length? (b) What will be its magnifying power if the
image is formed at infinity?
4.
A child has near point at 10 cm. What is the maximum angular

magnification the child can have with a convex lens of focal length
10 cm ?
5.
A simple microscope is rated 5 X for a normal relaxed eye. What

will be its magnifying power for a relaxed farsighted eye whose near
point is 40 cm ?
6.
Find the maximum magnifying power of a compound microscope

having a 25 diopter lens as the objective, a 5 diopter lens as the
eyepiece and the separation 30 cm between the two lenses. The
least distance for clear vision is 25 cm.
7.
The separation between the objective and the eyepiece of a

compound microscope can be adjusted between 9.8 cm to 11.8 cm.
If the focal lengths of the objective and the eyepiece are 1.0 cm and
6 cm respectively, find the range of the magnifying power if the
image is always needed at 24 cm from the eye.
8.
An eye can distinguish between two points of an object if they are

separated by more than 0.22 mm when the object is placed at 25
cm from the eye. The object is now seen by a compound
microscope having a 20 D objective and 10 D eyepiece separation
by a distance of 20 cm. The final image is formed at 25 cm from
the eye. What is the minimum separation between two points of
the object which can now be distinguished?
9.
A compound microscope has a magnifying power of 100 when the

image is formed at infinity. The objective has a focal length of 0.5
cm and the tube length is 6.5 cm. Find the focal length of the
eyepiece.
10.
A compound microscope consists of an objective of focal length 1

cm and an eyepiece of focal length 5 cm. An object is placed at a
distance of 0.5 cm from the objective. What should be the

separation between the lenses so that the microscope projects an
inverted real image of the object on a screen 30 cm behind the
eyepiece?
11.
An optical instrument used for angular magnification has a 25 D

objective and a 20 D eyepiece. The tube length is 25 cm when the
eye is least strained.
(a) Whether it is a microscope or a telescope? (b) What is the
angular magnification produced?
12.
An astronomical telescope is to be designed to have a magnifying

power of 50 in normal adjustment. If the length of the tube is 102
cm, find the powers of the objective and the eyepiece.
13.
The eyepiece of an astronomical telescope has a focal length of 10

cm. The telescope is focused for normal vision of distant objects
when the tube length is 1.0 m. Find the focal length of the
objective and the magnifying power of the telescope.
14.
A Galilean telescope is 27 cm long when focused to form an image

at infinity. If the objective has a focal length of 30 cm, what is the
focal length of the eyepiece?
15.
A farsighted person cannot see objects placed closer to 50 cm. Find

the power of the lens needed to see the objects at 20 cm.
16.
A nearsighted person cannot clearly see beyond 200 cm. Find the
power of the lens needed to see objects at large distances.
17.
A person wears glasses of power 2.5 D. Is the person farsighted

or nearsighted? What is the far point of the person without the
glasses?
18.
A professor reads a greeting card received on his 50 th birthday with

+ 2.5 D glasses keeping the card 25 cm away. Ten years later, he
reads his farewell letter with the same glasses but he has to keep
the letter 50 cm away. What power of lens should he now use?
19.
A normal eye has retina 2 cm behind the eye-lens. What is the

power of the eye-lens when the eye is (a) fully relaxed, (b) most
strained?
20.
The near point and the far point of a child are at 10 cm and 100
cm. If the retina is 2.0 cm behind the eye - lens, what is the range
of the power of the eye-lens ?
21.
A nearsighted person cannot see beyond 25 cm. Assuming

that
the separation of the glass from the eye is 1 cm, find the power of
lens needed to see distant objects.
22.
A person has near point at 100 cm. What power of lens is needed
to read at 20 cm if he/she uses (a) contact lens, (b) spectacles
having glasses 2.0 cm separated from the eyes?
23.
A lady uses + 1.5 D glasses to have normal vision from 25 cm

onwards. She uses a 20 D lens as a simple microscope to see an
object. Find the maximum magnifying power if she uses the
microscope (a) together with her glass (b) without the glass. Do the
answers suggest that an object can be more clearly seen through a
microscope without using the correcting glasses?
24.
A lady cannot see objects closer than 40 cm from the left eye and
closer than 100 cm from the right eye. While on a mountaineering
trip, she is lost from her team. She tries to make an astronomical
telescope from her reading glasses to look for her teammates. (a)
Which glass should she use as the eyepiece? (b) What
magnification can she get with relaxed eye?
ANSWERS
OBJECTIVE I
ANSWER
1 (d)
2 (a)
3 (d)
11 (c)
OBJECTIVE II
ANSWER
1 (a, d) 2 (a, d)
4 (d)
3 (a)
5 (b)
4 (a, c)
EXERCISES
Sol 1.
A, B, D, C
Sol 2.
8.1 cm from the lens
Sol 3.
(a) 12.5 cm (b) 2.0
Sol 4.
Sol 5.
8X
Sol 6.
Sol 7.
8.4
20 to 30
Sol 8.
0.04 mm
Sol 9.
2 cm
Sol 10.
5 cm
Sol 11.
microscope, 20
Sol 12.
1 D, 50 D
6 (b)
5 (b, d)
7 (a)
8 (d)
9 (c)
10 (b)
Sol 13.
90 cm, 9
Sol 14.
3 cm
Sol 15.
3D
Sol 16.
0.5 D
Sol17.
nearsighted, 40 cm
Sol 18.
+4.5 D
Sol 19.
50 D, 54 D
Sol 20.
+ 60 D to + 51 D
Sol 21.
- 4.2 D
Sol 22.
+ 4 D, + 4.53 D
Sol 23.
6,9
Sol 24.
right lens, 2

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CHAPTER 19

The size of an object as perceived by an eye depends

A normal eye is not able to see objects closer than 25 cm because

When objects at different distances are seen by the eye, which of

A person A can clearly see objects between 25 cm and 200 cm.

The focal length of a normal eye-lens is about

A man wearing glasses of focal length +1m cannot clearly see

An object is placed at a distance u from a simple microscope of

To increase the angular magnification of a simple microscope, one

A man is looking at a small object placed at his near point.

When we see an object, the image formed on the retina is.

In which of the following the final image is erect?

The maximum focal length of the eye - lens of a person is greater

Mark the correct options.

The focal length of the objective of a compound microscope is fo and

at different trees in an open space with the

Distance from the eye(m)

An object is to be seen through a simple microscope of focal length

A simple microscope has a magnifying power of 3.0 when

A child has near point at 10 cm. What is the maximum angular

A simple microscope is rated 5 X for a normal relaxed eye. What

Find the maximum magnifying power of a compound microscope

The separation between the objective and the eyepiece of a

An eye can distinguish between two points of an object if they are

A compound microscope has a magnifying power of 100 when the

A compound microscope consists of an objective of focal length 1

distance of 0.5 cm from the objective. What should be the

An optical instrument used for angular magnification has a 25 D

An astronomical telescope is to be designed to have a magnifying

The eyepiece of an astronomical telescope has a focal length of 10

A Galilean telescope is 27 cm long when focused to form an image

A farsighted person cannot see objects placed closer to 50 cm. Find

A person wears glasses of power 2.5 D. Is the person farsighted

A professor reads a greeting card received on his 50 th birthday with

A normal eye has retina 2 cm behind the eye-lens. What is the

A nearsighted person cannot see beyond 25 cm. Assuming

A lady uses + 1.5 D glasses to have normal vision from 25 cm

8.1 cm from the lens

(a) 12.5 cm (b) 2.0

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