Gakken EX 150

OWNERS MANUAL
150-In-One Block Type Electronic Experiment
Please read before using this equipment
* * * Please be sure to read the following before beginning the experiment. * * *

Note 1
The electronic parts such as transistors and diodes are fragile. Use caution when handling these. Overcurrent will cause breakages. The following precautions should be taken to avoid over-current.
1. Be sure to place the blocks as the circuit diagrams shows. Be sure to turn off the switch before taking
out a block or changing blocks. (Also, be sure to turn off the switch when moving on the next experiment.)
2. Do not pull out or put in resistor blocks more than is necessary.
<When experiments dont go well, check first that transistors and diodes are broken or not. No.138:Diode
Tester and No.139:Transistor Tester are useful for the check.>
Note 2
Please note that there may be some difference between the wiring diagrams on the blocks and the circuit
diagrams at the upper right of each page because the electronic parts such as resistors and condensers may
be used as lead blocks.
Note 3
Be sure to check the wiring diagrams on the blocks when arranging them. If a wrong block is used or a
block is placed wrongly, the circuit doesnt work. Check them well.
Note 4
Be careful of bad contacts of the blocks. If the blocks dont fit in completely, the electrical contact becomes
bad. Also, there may be the case when something like white powder is on the metallic parts of the blocks. In
such a case, wipe it off with cloth because it may cause bad contacts.
Note 5
Loud sound may be produced in some experiments. Turn the switch on and check the volume before
putting the earphone to the ear.
Note 6
Adjust the length of the earphone cord by untwisting the end. Split the microphone cord to adjust the
length.
Note 7
In some experiments, tuning the radio is necessary. And there may be the case that the radio is already
tuned when the switch is turned on without doing any process written in the instructions.
CONTENTS
Parts Identification
No. 24
Morse Code Practice Circuit (Earphone Type)
32
How to Install and Use the Batteries
No. 25
Signal Tracer
33
Electronic SymboIs and Functions
No. 26
Signal Injector
34
Electronic SymboIs and Functions
7 8
No. 27
Water-LeveI Warning Device
35
No. 28
Simple Water Quality Indicator
36
No. 1
Electronic Circuit and Current
No. 2
Direction of Current and Rectification (1)
10
No. 29
Electronic Motorcycle
37
No. 3
Direction of Current and Rectification (2)
11
No. 30
Lie Detector (Earphone Type)
38
No. 4
Transistors and Vacuum Tubes
12
No. 31
Continuity Tester
39
No. 5
Characteristics of Transistors
13
No. 32
Electronic Siren (Earphone Type)
40
No. 6
Diode Detector Radio
14
No. 33
Series Connection Dry Batteries
41
No. 7
Diode Detector 1-Transistor Radio
15
No. 34
Parallel Connection Dry Batteries
42
No. 8
1-Transistor Detector Radio
16
No. 35
Morse Code Practice Circuit by Light (Lamp Type)
43
No. 9
1-Transistor Reflex Radio
17
No. 36
Grounded Morse Code Transmitter
44
No. 10
1-Transistor Wireless Microphone
18
No. 37
Marconi's Spark Telegraph
45
No. 11
Circuit Disconnection Warning Device (Earphone Type)
19
No. 38
Radio Telegraph (A 1 Wave)
46
No. 12
EIectronic Sleeping Aid (Earphone Type)
20
No. 39
1-Diode Detector + IC Amplifier Radio (Fixed Bias)
47
No. 13
Audio Generator
21
No. 40
1-Diode Detector + IC Amplifier Radio (Self-bias)
48
No. 14
Flash Lamp
22
No. 41
1-Transistor High- Frequency Amplifier + IC Amplifier Radio
No. 15
Lamp-type Circuit Disconnection Warning Device
23
No. 16
Conductors and Nonconductors (lnsulator)
24
No. 17
Current Amplification Function of Transistors
25
No. 18
Switching Function of Transistors
26
No. 19
Diode Detection 1-Transistor Radio (Transformer Type)
No. 20
(Resistive Load)
No. 42
49
1-Transistor High- Frequency Amplifier + IC Amplifier Radio

(Transformer Load)
50
No. 43
1-Transistor Detector + IC Amplifier Radio
51
27
No. 44
1-Transistor + IC Amplifier Reflex Radio (Resistive Load)
52
1-Transistor Wireless Microphone
28
No. 45
1-Transistor + IC Amplifier Reflex Radio
No. 21
Electronic Bird (Transformer Type)
29
No. 22
Electronic Metronome (Earphone Type)
30
No. 23
Electronic Buzzer
31
(Transformer Load)
53
No. 46
Self-bias 1-Transistor + IC Amplifier (Resistive Load)
54
No. 47
Fixed-bias1-Transistor + IC Amplifier (Resistive Load)
55
- 1-
CONTENTS
No. 48
No. 74
Wireless Water Shortage Warning Device
82
56
No. 75
Electronic Horn
83
Fixed-bias 1-Transistor + IC Amplifier (Transformer Load)
No. 49
1-Transistor + IC Amplifier Signal Tracer
57
No. 76
Basic Circuit of Photophone
84
No. 50
Continuity Tester (Speaker Type)
58
No. 77
Basic Circuit of Electronic Timer
85
No. 51
Morse Code Practice Circuit (Speaker Type)
59
No. 78
Sound and Light Disconnected Circuit Warning Device
86
No. 52
Grounded Morse Telegraph (With Monitor)
60
No. 79
Unstable Multiple Circuit
87
No. 53
1-Transistor + IC Disconnected Circuit Warning Device
61
No. 80
Flip-Flop Multiple Circuit
88
No. 54
1-Transistor + IC Water-Level Warning Device
62
No. 81
Touch Buzzer
89
No. 55
1-Transistor + IC Electronic Sleeping Aid
63
No. 82
Wireless Disconnected Circuit Warning Device
90
No. 56
1-Transistor + IC Lie Detector
64
No. 83
Sound and Light Morse Code Practice Circuit
91
No. 57
1-Transistor + IC Metronome (Speaker Type)
65
No. 84
Wireless Morse TeIegraph
92
No. 58
1-Transistor + IC Electronic Bird (Speaker Type)
66
No. 85
Sound and Light Water Shortage Warning Device
93
No. 59
1-Transistor + IC Electronic Siren (Speaker Type)
67
No. 86
Automatic Lamp Flashing Circuit
94
No. 60
1-Transistor + IC Frequency Doubling Circuit
68
No. 87
AIternating Current Generator
95
No. 61
AC Bridge (For Resistance)
69
No. 88
2-Transistor WireIess Microphone
96
No. 62
AC Bridge (For Capacitor)
70
No. 89
Transformer-coupled 2-Transistor + IC Amplifier
97
No. 63
Light Control Circuit
71
No. 90
Turning a Lamp On and Off by Two Switches
98
No. 64
Electronic Gun
72
No. 91
Buzzer Sounding for a Definite Time
99
No. 65
2-Transistor IC Electronic Siren
73
No. 92
Radio with Water-Level Warning Device
100
No. 66
Monostable MultipIe Circuit
74
No. 93
EIectronic Organ
101
No. 67
Wireless Water-Level Warning Device
75
No. 94
Basic Theory of AND Circuit
102
No. 68
2-Transistor + IC Amplifier (Direct-coupled Type)
76
No. 95
Basic Theory of OR Circuit
103
No. 69
Light and Sound Water-Level Warning Device
77
No. 96
Basic Theory of NOT Circuit
104
Basic Theory of NAND Circuit
105
No. 70
Electronic Bird (Speaker Type)
78
No. 97
No. 71
2-Transistor + IC Amplifier Signal Tracer
79
No. 98
Basic Theory of NOR Circuit
106
No. 72
Physical Agility Tester
80
No. 99
Electronic Horn
107
No. 73
CR-coupled 2-Transistor + IC Amplifier
81
No. 100
Series and parallel Connections of Capacitors
108
- 2-
CONTENTS
No. 101
Switching Function of CdS Cell
109
No. 125
Measurement of Fixed-Bias Base Current
133
No. 102
Basic Circuit of Light Warning Device (1)
110
No. 126
Measurement of Fixed-Bias Collector Current
134
No. 103
Basic Circuit of Light Warning Device (2)
111
No. 127
Measurement of Collector Current in Audio Amplifier
135
No. 104
Circuit That Buzzes When Struck by Light
112
No. 128
Measurement of Emitter Current in Audio Amplifier
136
No. 105
Circuit That Buzzes When Shaded from Light
113
No. 129
Sound-Level Meter
137
No. 106
Electronic Bird That Sings When It Becomes Light
114
No. 130
Properties of Diode
138
No. 107
Electronic Bird That Sings When It Becomes Dark
115
No. 131
Charging and Discharging of Capacitors
139
No. 108
Photoradio That Is Switched On When It Becomes Light
116
No. 132
Oscillation Frequencies by Meter
140
No. 109
Photoradio That Is Switched On When It Becomes Dark
117
No. 133
Electric Current Flowing in Pure and Salt Water
141
No. 110
Circuit That Blinks a Lamp On and Off When It
No. 134
Meter-type Lie Detector
142
No. 135
2K
143
No. 136
20K
No. 137
200K
No. 138
Diode Tester
146
Becomes Light
No. 111
Circuit That Blinks a Lamp On and Off When It

Becomes Dark
No. 112
118
119
Circuit That Changes the Flashing Speed of a Lamp
Range Ohmmeter
Range Ohmmeter
Range Ohmmeter
144
145
According to Light Intensity
120
No. 139
Transistor Tester
147
No. 113
Circuit That Changes the Tonal Quality with Light
121
No. 140
Meter-type Illuminometer
148
No. 114
Basic Circuit of Photogun
122
No. 141
Meter-type Sound-VoIume Indicator
149
No. 115
Automatic Light Control
123
No. 142
Noise-Level Meter
150
No. 116
Light-receiving Device in Photogun
124
No. 143
Flip-Flop Circuit with Two Lamps
151
No. 117
Circuit Radiating Radio Waves When It Becomes Light
125
No. 144
Two Lamps Alternating On and Off
152
No. 118
Circuit Radiating Radio Waves When It Grows Dark
126
No. 145
Field Strength Meter
153
Series-connected Lamps
154
No. 119
Radio with Earphone Mixing
127
No. 146
No. 120
Illuminometer by Sound
128
No. 147
Parallel-connected Lamps
155
No. 121
40V DC Voltmeter
129
No. 148
Meter-type Hygrometer
156
No. 122
400mA (Milliamperes) Ammeter
130
No. 149
Meter-type Transparency lndicator
157
No. 123
Test on Ohm's Law
131
No. 150
Finger PuIse Detector
158
No. 124
4V DC Voltmeter
132
EX-150 PARTS LIST
159 160
- 3-
Parts ldentification
I C Amplifier
12-transistor and 6-diode IC amplifier
Handle
CdS Cell
A component that responds to
change in the intensity of light.
Volume Control Knob

Used for IC amplifier and also as a
variable resistor.
Meter
Casing
+A OUT
Connection to + terminal
of 6V batteries.
Meter Connection Point
Point
Side Knob
Side Knob
Dial
A tuning dial knob to be used when a
radio or wireless microphone is set up.
Side Arm
POWER ON/OFF Switch

Switc h
An intermediate switch between batteries and
blocks. Be sure to turn it off when you have
finished experimenting.
IN PUT
Connection to volume control
Cadmium Cell Connection Point

Point
+A OUT
Connection to + terminal
of 6V batteries.
Antenna Circuit
An antenna circuit as illustrated is built in
each set.
Block
Bloc
k Spaces
- OUT
Connection to-terminal of 6V
batteries.
- 4-
+ B OUT
How to Install and use the Batteries

WARNING:
Be sure to load the battery with correct poIarity.Wrong polarity installation may cause damage to the
IC amplifier.
If you do not use this laboratory kit for an extended time, be sure to remove the batteries.
Never try to use the power from the AC outlet to this kit.This is extremely dangerous and will cause
eIectric shock.
Do not plug the test lead paddles into the power outlet.
1.Remove the cover from the battery compartment on the back, slide it
in the arrow direction.
2.Install the batteries in place following the polarity indications. 4 size

AA (R6) batteries are required.
3.Replace the battery compartment cover.
Electronic Symbols and Functions

Various wiring and electronic parts marks are hot-stamped on the electronic
blocks wiring. In order to minimize the number of blocks required for each
experiment, a block may be used only as a lead in some cases. (That is, the
connecting Iead of the block is used, but not the electronic part in it. )
(Example) No. 4 Transistors and Vacuum Tubes
Electronic Symbol
Symbol used for "Electronic Blocks"

Base
Silicon transitor
A block will also work

here, but a block having a
resistor is used as a Iead
for the above-mentioned
reason. Look at both the
block and the circuit
diagram to see why the
substitution is possible.
Collector
Base
Emitter
Collector
Emitter
Emitter
This series uses silicone transistors as shown above.

Amplification
When a signal is fed to the base, a lager signal can be taken out from the
collector.
Biasing Resistor
Biasing resistor provides an operaring point when the transistor is used to
amplify. The biasing resistor is connected between the base of the transistor
and the power supply.
Load Resistance
When a resistor or transformer is connected to the base of the transistor,the
signal current flowing through the collector can be taken out as a signal
voltage to operate an earphone or loudspeaker, also works to send out a
signal to be magnified by the next transistor.
Electronic Symbol
The resistor determines the quantity of the direct current deIivered from the
batteries.
The battery voltage has the follwing relationship with resistance current :
* WARNING
Never connect this kit to the AC outlets. Use four 1.5 VoIt batteries only.
Before conducting the circuit for continuity tests, ensure that electrical
devices are compIeteIy disconnected from the AC outlets.
It is legally necessaly to obtain a Licence to transmit radio signals in most
Countries.
-6-
Current (mA)=
Voltage (V)
Resistance (K )
When battery voltage is 6V
6V
10K
= 0.6mA at 10K
6V
4.7K
= Approx. 1.3mA at 4.7K
Electronic Symbol
The capacitor performs many functions. It passes a signal (alternating) current

only, whiIe shutting off a direct current. It sends as signal current in or out
with out disturbing the direct current following to the base and collector
resistors.
The capacitor also works to deliver a suitable magnitude of signal to the
transistor and to separate the flow of low-frequency signal from that of high frequency signal.
Examples of the numbers given on the electronic blocks are 100PF(picofarad),
0.05 F (microfarad) ,and 10 F. Farad is the unit of the Capacitance of a
capacitor.
100PF (picofarad) = 0.0001 microfarads
Electronic Symbol
Electronic Symbol
A transformer is made up of a pair of coils coupled to each other. There are

the primaly and secondary coils. The transformer has the property of passing
a signal (alternating) current from the primaly to the secondary coil, changing
the voltage in proportion to the ratio of the secondary to the primaly turns.
This being so, it is possible to change the voltage to a desired value by
changing the turns in the primary and secondary windings of the transformer.
This outstanding characteristic of the transformer is not found in the resistor,
capacitor and coiI.
Electronic Symbol
The diode is used for rectification and detecIion. It alIows a current to flow
only in the direction of the arrow, as shown above.
Electronic Symbol
The coil allows a direct current to flow freely through it, but not a signal
(alternating) current. The coil has propeties opposite to those of the capacitor
in this respect. In the case of the same coil, the higher the frequency of a
signal current, the more difficult it is for the signal to be passed through. In
the case of a signal current of the same frequency, the higher the quality
factor of the coil, the more difficult it is for the signal to pass through the coil.
Henry (H) is the unit of the quality of coils. 1/1000 of H is millihenry (mH)
The coils used in this Electronic Blocks are about 4mH.
Transistors, transformers, and other eIectronic components will not work if

they are not fed electricity. The battery is the source of energy that is needed
to put all the electronic components into action.
Electronic Symbol
The loudspeaker is constructed so that a sound will come out of it when an

eleclric current flows in its coil.
- 7-
Name
Symbols and Functions

NPN
Transistor
PNP
C
Battery
or
6V
Loudspeaker
There are no PNP

types in the kit
Resistor
or
+A OUT & -OUT
Shunt
A resistor which is placed in

parallel with the meter so
that it can be used to
measure voltage.
MultipIier
A resistor which is placed in

series with the meter so that
it can be used to measure
voltage.
Built in with the IC amplifier.
Earphone
Bulb
Symbols and Functions
PNP
C
Name
Indicating
Illuminating
Meter
Variable resistor
Meter
Volume control
or
Light dependant
resistor (LDR)
Cadmium cell
capacitor
Staight wire
Bent
Wire
Connecting
wires and joins
Two wires joined

Two wires cross
but do not join
Electrolytic
capacitor
or
Variable
capacitor
Coil (choke)
Tuning point
or
Transformer
On/off power
Switches
Both symbols stand for

switch. The upper one is
used in this kit.
Antenna
Diode
-8-
The kit contains an internal

antenna. You can use the yellow
wire as the external antenna.
No.1 Electronic Circuit and Current

Circuit diagram for this experiment:
1 1.5
+ A OUT
0.5
on
- OUT
off
power cadmium
tuning point
cell
+B out +A out
--
meter
volume
EX-SYSTEM
input
Arrange the blocks as illustrated at left,turn on the

main switch, and the lamp will glow.
Now, remove the highest block
and the light will go
off. From this experiment, you have Iearned that there
was something flowing to the lamp to light it when block
was in place, and when it was pulled out, the flow
stopped and the light went off. The "something" is an
electrical current, and the path of the current is called
the "electrical circuit". A battery has positive
and
negative terminals, and there is a voltage across them.
This voltage causes an electrical current to flow through
the circuit.
Note: Be sure to turn off the switch before pu

out a block or changing blocks.
If the switch is on, over-current flows and
it breaks electronic parts (such as transistor
diodes).
(Be sure to turn off the switch
when moving on the next experiment.)
Caution : Follow the diagram for block placement exactly when you do this experiment. If you do not,
the bIocks may be damaged. Check to see that the four 1.5 volt batteries are in place
before you begin.
- 9-
No.2 Direction of Current and Rectification (1)

1 1.5
+ A OUT
0.5
on
off
power cadmium
tuning point
cell
- OUT
+B out +A out
--
meter
volume
EX-SYSTEM
Arrange the bIocks as illustrated at left, trun on the

main switch, and the lamp will glow. Turn the block to
. See if the light goes on. This time, it does not. Block
contains a diode, which allows the passage of an
electrical current in onIy one direction. Let's go over
what we have just learned.
The diode allows the current to flow from the terminal
of the battery to the through , but it does not allow it
to flow from the terminal to the terminal through .
This is an important principle for the following
experiments. Repeat this experiment and study the
circuit diagram drawn for you above until you fully
understand the function of the diode. Go on to the next
experiment. Or, Turn off the power switch and remove
the batteries from the kit before storing.
Note: Transistors and diodes are easily broken

by over-current. Look at the circuit diagrams well
to check if the placement is correct
before turning on the switch.
before you begin.
- 10-
No. 3 Direction of Current and Rectification (2)

+ A OUT
- OUT
Now let's do another interesting experiment. First,

arrange the blocks as illustrated at left. Turn on the main
switch, and the miniature lamp will gIow dimly.
Interchange the block with . This time the bulb will
not glow. Next, trun
to The lamp still fails to light
with this arrangement of blocks. Now you should
understand the propeties of diodes even better. If the
circuit has any block whose arrow is not in the direction
of the current flow, the lamp will not go on ; that is, no
current is flowing through the circuit.

diodes).
before you begin.
- 11-
No. 4 Transistors and Vacuum Tubes

+ A OUT
4.7K
- OUT
Now Iet's learn about transistors. Invented at the

Bell Telephone Laboratories of the United States in
1948, transistors almost completely replaced vacuum
tubes in all electronic equipment in just a little over a
decade because transistors have a far better
performance than vacuum tubes.
Arrange the blocks as illustrated at left and turn On the
power switch. Referring to the circuit diagram above,
you can see that a current
6(V)
4.7(K ) = approx. 1.3mA flows to the base and
a current
of approx. 40 mA flows from the
battery's
terminal through the miniature bulb,
collector., and emitter to the battery's
terminal, so
that the Iamp may glow.
before you begin.
-12-
Note: Be sure to turn off the switch before pullin

it breaks electronic parts (such as transistors an
diodes).
No. 5 Characteristics of Transistors

+ A OUT
1M
- OUT
Arrange the blocks as illustrated at left. Comparing
the circuit diagram above with the one for Experiment
No. 4, you will find that the 4.7K resistor has been
changed to a 1M resistor. Turn on the main switch.
The lamp will not glow. This is because the change of
resistance from 4.7K to 1M has substantially reduced
the amount of electrical current flowing to the lamp. The
amount of current flowing between the collector and
emitter can be changed by changing the base
resistance.
before you begin.

diodes).
- 13-
NO.6 Diode Detector Radio

Antenna
Dangerous! Do not insert antenna lead into an AC outlet.
100p
1M
The germanium rectifier radio is the simplest radio

receiver. The crystal set that was used wideIy in the early
days of radio employed crystal detectors (crystalline
mineral substances such as gelena and iron pyrites) . Now
we use the germanium doide.
Arrange the blocks as illustrated at left and attach the
earphone. It is also necessary to set up large antenna
because a battery and transistor are not used. A5-meter
vinyl-coated yellow cord is provided for the antenna. This
length of antenna may not be enough to have good
reception in a place where the incoming radio waves are
weak. Attach an enameled cord end of the antenna cord in
this case after shaving off enamel from end of enameled
one.(See the picture below.)
Place the earphone in your ear, turn on the power switch,
and the radio will play.
This picture shows

how the antenna cord and
the enamel cord are connected.
- 14-
No. 7 Diode Detector 1-Transistor Radio

+ A OUT
100P
1M
4.7K
10
0.01
- OUT
By connecting Various forms of amplifier (lowfrequency amplifier circuit) to the germanium diode
detector radio. you will gradually increase your
knowledge of the construction of the germanium diode
detector 1-transistor radio, which is made up of various
combinations of such tuning and detector circuits and
amplifier. The transistor diodes are of the germanium
type and silicon type. The former type of diode is used
in the Electronic BIock.
Now let's connect a fixed bias transistor amplifier
(Resistive Ioad) to the germanium diode detector radio.
Arrange the bIocks as illustrated at left, attaching the
earphone and antenna.
Place the earphone in your ear, turn on the main switch,
and the radio will play.
Antenna
- 15-
No.8 1-Transistor Detector Radio

Antenna
Dangerous Do not insert antenna lead into an AC
+ A OUT
4.7K
100P
1M
0.005
10
- OUT
Since the transistor performs the function of

detection in addition to amplification, the rtansistor
radio circuit you will build in Experiment No. 8
requires no diode. A large antenna is needed when
experimenting with this type of radio, however,
because it uses onIy a small number of transistors.
Arrange the blocks as illustrated at left, attaching
the earphone and antenna. PIace the earphone in
your ear, turn on the power switch, and the radio
wiII play.
- 16-
No. 9 1-Transistor RefIex Radio

Antenna
+ A OUT

1K
1M
4.7K
100P
0.05
0.05
0.01
10K
- OUT
A circuit with one transistor performing two

functions, high-frequency amplification and Iowfrequency amplification is called the "reflex circuit". This
type of circuit is a little more complex than the ones you
have already built, but it has a greatly increased
sensitivity. Unlike the circuit in the superheterodyne
radio, the reflex circuit does not need adjust and is
therefore very suited for studying the elementary
principle of radio and the construction of simple radio
receivers.
This circuit may produce oscillations when used in a
place where the incoming radio waves are very strong.
In such a case, disconnect the antenna.
Arrange the blocks as illustrated at left, attaching the
earphone and antenna. Place the earphone in your ear,
turn on the power switch, and the radio will play.
- 17-
No.10 1-Transistor Wireless Microphone

Antenna
+ A OUT
1M
0.05
100P
0.005
1K
- OUT

the earphone and antenna. Turn on another AM radio
receiver and turn its dial so that it is not tuned to any
station. Next, turn on the power switch on the board of
electronic blocks and slowly rotate its dial, with its
antenna located close to the other radio. Turn the dial
until a high-pitched whistling sound comes out of the
radio speaker. You have just built a wireless microphone
that is now tuned to the radio receiver. Speak into the
earphone and your voice will come out of the radio.
Earphone (as a substitute for a microphone.)
- 18-
No. 11 Circuit Disconnection Warning Device (Earphone

+ A OUT
1M
0.01
0.05
- OUT
Let's do an experiment with an oscillatory circuit by

using an antenna coil. Arrange the blocks and connect
the earphone and antenna wire as illustrated. Place the
earphone in your ear and turn on the power switch. You
will hear high-pitched note whenever you disconnect the
antenna wire from the block.
Antenna Wire
- 19-
No. 12 Electronic Sleeping Aid (Earphone Type)

+ A OUT
1K
1M
+
10
- OUT
- 20-
Do you feel sleepy when you listen to the

continuous patter of rain ? Let's experiment with an
electronic circuit that makes such a sound.
Arrange the bIocks as illstrated at left, connect the
earphone, and turn on the main switch. Place the
earphone in your ear and listen to the soothing sound.
No.13 Audio Generator

+ A OUT
1M
1K
0.01
- OUT
Let's use the antenna coil in place of a lowfrequency transformer. This experiment will show that
the antenna coil is a kind of transformer. Since a
variable capacitor is connected to the antenna coil in
this oscillator, the oscillalion frequency can be changed
by turning the variable capacitor (dial).
earphone. Place the earphone in your ear and listen to
the various tones produced by operating the dial.
- 21-
No.14
Flash Lamp
+ A OUT
4.7K
1M
10
- OUT
Caution : Follow the diagram for block placement exactly when you do this experiment. If
you do not, the bIocks may be damaged. Check to see that the four 1.5 volt
batteries are in place before you begin.
- 22-
This is an experiment with a fiash lamp, using

the charging and discharging of the capacitor.
Arrange the blocks as illustrated at Ieft. Turn on
the main switch and the lamp will go on, remain
glowing, and then go off. To Iight the lamp again,
turn off the switch, wait 20 to 30 seconds, and
turn on the switch again.
No. 15 Lamp-type Circuit Disconnection Warning Device

+ A OUT
10K
- OUT
Let's do an experiment with a disconnected circuit

warning device by using an antenna wire.
antenna wire. Turn on the power switch. The lamp will
gIow when the end of the antenna wire is disconnected
from the blocks.
Antenna Wire
- 23-
No.16 Conductors and Nonconductors (lnsulator)

+ A OUT
- OUT
Have you successfully done Experiment No. 1~

15? If so, let's go back to the fundamentals of
electronics and do No. 16 and the related experiments
that follow.
two 60cm cords. Turn on the power switch. Touch the
ends of the two cords to the Iead of a penciI, a cube of
sugar, and a piece of wire. In which case did the lamp
glow?
The Iamp went on when the cords were connected to
the penciI lead or to the wire; these substances are
caIled "conductors." Substances such as sugar, which
do not cause the Iamp to glow, are "nonconductors. "
Experiment with various objects around you to see if
they are conductors or nonconductors.
Wire
Sugar
before you begin.
- 24-
Pencil
No. 17 Current AmpIification Function of Transistors

+ A OUT
10K
Collector
- OUT
Base
Emitter
As you have already learned, amplification is

one of the functions performed by transistors.
Now let's do an experiment with this function of a
transistor.
Arrange the blocks at illuslrated at left, attaching
the two 60cm cords. Turn on the power switch;
the lamp will not glow. Dip the ends of the two
cords into salted water in a glass. Now the light
will go on. This is because a large current flows
between the collector and emitter of the transistor
when the ends of the cords are immersed in salt
water. With the transistor, it is possible to control
a large current to light a lamp by a slight change
in the current flowing to the base.
- 25-
No. 18 Switching Function of Transistors

+ A OUT
1M
10K
- OUT
Switching is another function of transistors. There

are many kinds of switches. There are the type that turn
the lights in your house on and off. These switches are
operated by hand. A transistor performs the function of
switching by small variations of a current that flows to
the base.
Now Iet's do the next experiment. Arrange the blocks as
illustrated at left. Turn on the power switch. The lamp
does not light. Press down on the Iarge bIock, called
the key switch, and the lamp will go on. This is because
pressing down on the key switch allowed a large
quantity of current to fIow to the base. Consequently,
the transistor's switching function went into action to
light the lamp.
before you begin.
- 26-
No. 19 Diode Detection 1-Transistor Radio (Transfomer

+ A OUT
4.7K
0.005
1M
10
- OUT
This experiment uses a circuit combining the diode

detector radio and a 1-transistor amplifier. A transformer
is used for the various amplifier circuits.
antenna and earphone. Place the earphone in your ear
and turn on the power switch. The radio will play.
Various other amplifier circuits will appear in the follwing
experiments. Compare their circuit diagrams and the
one above to study their differeneces.
before you begin.
- 27-
No. 20 1-Transistor Wireless Microphone

Antenna
+ A OUT
1K
560K
10K
0.01
0.05
0.005
560
(0.4V)
- OUT
We have already done Experiment No. 10 with a
simple wireIess microphone. Next we will do one with a
transformer.
Set up the blocks, microphone, and antenna as
illustrated at left. Then set up the AM radio as
Experiment No.10. Turn on the radio, moving the
antenna wire of the wireless microphone untiI a highpitched tone comes out of the radio speaker. Then
speak into the microphone, and your voice will come out
of the radio.
Red Wire
- 28-
Black Wire
No. 21 Electronic Bird (Transformer Type)

+ A OUT
4.7K
1M
+
10
100P
0.05
1K
- OUT
If a capacitor is added to the oscillatory circuit
to make a slight alteration in its configuration, the
circuit will produce a sound like a bird chirping.
This is onIy one of various imitation sounds that
can be produced by an oscillatory circuit.
the earphone. Place the earphone in your ear and
turn on the power switch. You will hear the
chirping.
- 29-
No. 22 Electronic Metronome (Earphone Type)

+ A OUT
1M
10
- OUT
The ordinary metronome is used for practicing

musical instruments and singing. Its clocworks and
pendulum make a mechanical sound at reguIar intervals
for marking musical time. Now that we are in the age of
electronics, let's make an electronic metronome. It
operates on the same principle as the traditional
metronome, but, with our circuit, the tempo cannot be
adjusted.
earphone. Place the earphone in your ear and turn on
the power switch. You will hear the metronome marking
time.
+

- 30-
No. 23 Electronic Buzzer

+ A OUT
4.7K
1M
0.01
0.05
- OUT
This experiment invoIves the oscillatory circuit.

The result will be a sound like a warning buzzer.
the earphone. Place the earphone in your ear and
turn on the power switch. You wiIl hear a buzzing
sound.
- 31-
No. 24 Morse Code Practice Circuit (Earphone type)

+ A OUT
0.005
1M
4.7K
- OUT
You can practice Morse code signals by using the

key switch. Arrange the blocks as illustrated at left,
attaching the earphone. Place the earphone in your ear
and turn on the power switch. Then, using the Morse
code signals given beIow, practice sending a message
in code. You may aIso want to try to memorize the
signals. They will be useful in later experiments.
Morse Code
- 32-
No. 25 Signal Tracer

1M
High
frequency
4.7K
+ A OUT
Low frequency
0.05
- OUT
The signal tracer is a device to trace, or follow, a

signaI, when a radio receiver has gone out of order, for
example, this device can be used to locate the trouble.
You wiIl easily find out where the source of trouble is in
this experiment because the sound will stop coming out
of the earphone.
Connect the negative -OUT of the 60cm cord to the
negative -OUT of the radio set and touch the end of the
other cord to the base and collector of the transistors,
changing the connections for high frequency and low
frequency.
Be sure that the device which you are testing is entirely
disconnected from the AC power.
-33-
No.26 Signal Injector

+ A OUT
1M
0.005
0.05
- OUT
- 34-
The signal injector is a device for applying a signal

to an electronic circuit. When the tuning circuit in a
radio receiver is out of order, the signal tracer on the
preceding page cannot be used to check the low
frequency and high frequency circuit coming next to see
if they are working properly. In such a case, this signal
injector can be used to inject a signal to the earphone
or speaker of the radio to find where the source of
troubIe is.
Be sure that the device which you are testing is entirely
disconnected from the AC power.
No.27 Water-Level Warning Device

+ A OUT
0.005
1M
4.7K
- OUT
This experiment is another application of the

oscillatory circuit. It can be easiIy done in a bathtub
filled with water because ordinary water contains various
impurities that allow a small current to pass through.
Arrange the blocks as illstrated at left, attaching the
earphone and 60cm cords. Hold the ends of the cords
together with a plastic clip, as illustrated. Now immerse
the ends in the bathtub water. Place the earphone in
your ear and turn on the power switch. A current will
flow between the two metal plates attached to the clip
so that a bias current will flow to the base of a transistor
to put it into operation. A high-pitched oscillatory note
will be heard in the earphone.
- 35-
No.28 Simple Water Quality Indicator

10
4.7K
+ A OUT
- OUT
- 36-
This circuit is used to examine various substances

dissoIved in water. Arrange the blocks as illustrated at
left, attaching the earphone and 60cm cords. Place the
earphone in your ear. Turn on the power switch. Hold
the ends of the cords together with a plastic clip. Put
the electrode, which you have created with the ends of
the cords, in a glass of fresh water and then in a glass
of salt water to see if you hear different tones in the
earphone.
No.29 EIectronic Motorcycle

10
+ A OUT
4.7K
- OUT

the earphone and 60cm cords. Place the earphone in
your ear and turn on the power switch. Grip the tips of
the cords in the thumb and forefinger of both hands. If
you alternately tighten and relax the grip, the circuit will
produce a sound like a motrocycle. Vary the sound by
controIIing your finger pressure.
- 37-
No.30 Lie Detector (Earphone Type)

+ A OUT
1K
- OUT

the earphone and 60cm cords. Place the earphone in
your ear and turn on the power switch. Have a friend
hold the tips of the cords in the thumb and forefinger of
both hands. Now ask questions to see if your friend is
telling the truth.
We usuaIly perspire when we tell a lie, and the
perspiration makes it easier for an electric current to
fiow. The changes in the sound that you hear in the
earphone will tell you if your friend is lying or telling the
truth.
Note: The experiment is only for fun.

Please note that the result is not always reliable.
- 38-
No.31 Continuity Tester

1M
0.01
+ A OUT
- OUT
1K
4.7K
The continuity tester is a device used to check for

broken wire in electrical apparatus. For this experiment,
you will need two light bulbs; a good one and a burnedout one. Arrange the blocks as illuslrated at left,
attaching the earphone and 60cm cords. Place the
earphone in your ear and turn on the power switch.
Place the cords near one of the light bulbs, then near
the other. You will hear a high-pitched note where the
circuit inside is cIosed, but no sound will be heard from
the burned-out bulb.
- 39-
No.32 Electronic Siren (Earphone Type)

+ A OUT
0.005
1M
0.01
1K
- OUT
This experiment is also an appIication of the

oscillatory circuit. This time, the circuit is interesting
because it produces two different tones.
earphone. Turn on the power switch. Press down on the
key switch to produce one tone, then release to
produce the other.
- 40-
No.33 Series Connection Dry Batteries

3V
3V
Remove the batteries from your kit to do this

experiment on series connection of batteries. Arrange
the blocks and set the batteries in place as
illustred at left, taking care to position the and sides
of the batteries properly. Connect the 60cm cords to the
and
terminals of the batteries, turn on the
power switch, and you will see the lamp glow brightly.
ln this arrangement of batteries, the resulting power is
6V (3V
3V). When the batteries are connected in
series like this, the lamp will glow brightly, but it
consumes so much power from the batteries that they
will not last so long as in the case of a parallel
connection. For an experiment with a parallel
connection of batteries, see the following page.
before you begin.
- 41-
No.34 Parallel Connection Dry Batteries

3V
3V
We experimented with a series connection of

batteries on the preceding pape. There is another way
of connecting batteries; that is, a parallel connection.
Arrange the blocks and set the batteries as
illustrated at Ieft, positioning the and sides of the
batteries properly. Now, connect one of the 60cm cords
to the
side of a battery. Turn on the main switch, and
the lamp will glow. Next, connect both cords to the
batteries as iIIustrated, and again the lamp will glow.
When parallel-connected, the consumption of power of
individual batteries is less than in the case of a series
connection. The batteries will last longer, but the bulb
does not glow so brightly. This kind of circuit is called a
"paraIIeI circuit".
before you begin.
- 42-
No.35 Morse Code Practice Circuit by Light (Lamp Type

+ A OUT
- OUT
This is a very simple circuit that enables you to

practice the Morse code. The circuit uses light, not
sound.
Arrange the blocks as illustrated at left and turn on the
power switch. The bulb will glow. Signal light flashes
when you press down and release the key switch. See
Experiment No.24 for Morse code signals.
Using flashes of light for secret communication is an
excellent method because no radio waves are used.
before you begin.
- 43-
No.36 Grounded Morse Code Transmitter

1M
4.7K
0.005
+ A OUT
0.01
- OUT
1K
- 44-
When we experimented with the water-level warning

device, we learned that water is a conductor of
electricity. This grounded telegraph experiment is a
mechanism for testing whether the ground is also a
conductor of electricity. In this telegraph, the electrical
lead is connected to the ground.
Arrange the blocks as illustratated at left attaching one
end of the antenna to the kit. Carefully unwind the two
ends of the eraphone and attach one end to the kit.
Place the other end of the antenna and earphone in the
ground.
Have a friend place the earphone in his ear. Turn on the
power switch. Using the Morse code signals in
Experiment No.24, press down on the switch to see if
you can send your friend a message. If the ground is a
conductor of electricity, your friend will be able to hear
the message.
No.37 Marconi sf Spark Telegraph

Antenna
0.005
+ A OUT
- OUT
Now let's experiment with the spark telegraph

invented by an ltalian electrical engineer named Marconi,who brought experimental radio communication
into practice. Around 1900, he succeeded in
transmitting and receiving messages by radio waves
over a distance of about 15 kilometers. He won the
Nobel Prize for his work in 1901.
Now we can do an experiment on the theory of the radio
circuit invented by Marconi by using the electronic
blocks. Arrange the bIocks and antenna as illustrated at
left. Then set up the AM radio as for Experiment No.10,
tuning the circuit you have built with the blocks to the
radio. Then operate the key switch to send Morse code
signals to the radio. Use the Morse code signals in
Experiment No.24 to send your mesages.
In the transitting experiments, please put the transmitting antenna cIose to the radio's receiving antenna to
have a better reception.
before you begin.
- 45-
No.38 Radio Telegraph (A1 Wave)

Antenna

100P
+ A OUT
1M
0.05
0.01
1K
- OUT
This is another experiment with a radio telegraph.

This one is more sensitive than the one in Experiment
No.37. It can be built in the same manner.
Arrange the blocks and antenna as illustrated at left.
Then set up the AM radio as for Experiment No.10,
tuning the circuit you have built to the radio. Then
operate the key switch to send Morse code signals to
the radio. Use the Morse code signals in Experiment
NO.24 to send your messages.
In the transmitting experiments, please put the transmitting antenna close to the radio's receiving antenna to
have a better reception.
before you begin.
- 46-
No.39 1-Diode Detector + IC Radio Amplifer (Fixed Bia

Antenna
+ B OUT
+ A OUT
4.7K
1M
+
AMP
10
10
10K
0.05
- OUT
In this experiment, we use an IC amplifier for the

first time. After being detected by a diode and amplified
by a transistor, the current is further amplified by the lC
amplifier. The lC amplifier has the circuit network shown
below. Arrange the blocks and antenna as illustrated at
left. Turn on the power switch, and the radio will play.
before you begin.
- 47-
No. 40 1-Diode Detector + IC AmpIifier Radio (Self-bias

Antenna
Dangerous! Strictly avoid inserting antenna lead into an AC outlet.
4.7K
+ B OUT
+ A OUT
1M
+
AMP
10
10
10K
- OUT
before you begin.
- 48-
There are many kinds of radio circuits. This one is

the self-bias type. Let's do this experiment to see how
this circuit differs from the one in Experiment No.39,
and which of the two circuits is the more sensitive.
Arrange the bIocks and antenna as illustrated at left.
Turn on the power switch, and the radio will play.
No. 41 1-Transistor High-Frequency Amplifier + IC Amplifier Radio

(Resistive Load)
Antenna
4mH
4.7K
+ A OUT
0.05
1M
+
AMP
10
0.01
10K
- OUT
before you begin.
This experiment will teach you the method caIled

"high-frequency amplification", which increases the
strength of weak radio sIgnals coming from a distant
radio station. Arrange the blocks and antenna as
illustrated at left. Turn on the power switch, and the
radio will play.
The weak incoming radio signal is amplified by the
transistor you have just built. In order to further amplify
the radio signal, second and third amplifier stages may
be used, but the process is technically so difficult that
the single high-frequency amplifier stage is widely
employed.
No.42 1-Transistor High-Frequncy Amplifier + IC AmpIifi

(Transformer Load)
+ B OUT
+ A OUT
4.7K
4mH
1M
+
AMP
10
0.05
0.01
0.05
10K
- OUT
before you begin.
- 50-
There are many kinds of high-frequency amplifier

radios. In this experiment, we will study the type using a
transformer. This is not so sensitive as the reflex radio
circuit. It will help you understand a radio circuit,
however, because such circuits as tuning, highfrequency amplifier, detector, and power amplifier are
arranged in that order in this circuit.
Arrange the blocks as illustrated at left. Turn on the
power switch, and the radio will play.
No. 43 1-Transistor Detector

Antenna
+ IC Amplifier Radio
+ B OUT
+ A OUT
4.7K
1M
+
AMP
10
10
10K
0.005
- OUT
There are many radio broadcasting stations, and

they all radiate different radio waves. They come into
our home through antennas and electric lines, including
telephone wires. The antenna that is provided with the
electronic blocks works to pick up these radio waves.
Now let's experiment with a radio receiver using a
transistor detector. In this radio, both detection and
amplification are achieved by the transistor, and
therefore no diode is used.
Arrange the blocks and antenna as illustrated at left.
Tun on the power switch, and the radio will play.
before you begin.
- 51-
No. 44 1-Transistor + IC Amplifier Reflex Radio (Resist

+ B OUT
+ A OUT
4.7K
4mH
1M
10
+
AMP
100P
10K
0.05
0.05
0.01
- OUT
+
The refIex circuit was developed when transistors

were expensive. It is useful because it reduces the
number of transistors but increases sensitivity. In the
arrangement illustrated at Ieft, one transistor is used to
act as an amplifier for both high frequencies and low
frequencies; that is, only one transistor is needed to
perform the functions of two transistors.
Arrange the blocks as illustrated at left. Turn on the
power switch, and the radio will play.
before you begin.
- 52-
No. 45 1-Transistor + IC Amplifier Reflex Radio

(Transformer Load)
+B
OUT
+A
OUT
1M
4mH
+
AMP
0.05
100P
10
0.05
1K
0.005
- OUT
UnIike the Morse code practicing circuit and amplifier

experiments, the antenna is very important for radio
circuits. When the radio broadcasting stations are far
away or the radio waves are weak due to the reinforced
concrete buildings, it is necessary to set up a
sufficientIy Iarge antenna to improve the reception in the
case of one or two transistor radio sets. When you set
up a large antenna out side your house, you wiIl
understand the importance of an antenna for this type of
radio receiver.
10K
before you begin.
- 53-
No. 46 Self-bias 1-Transistor + IC Amplifier (Resistiv

4.7K
1M
0.05
+B
OUT
+A
OUT
10
AMP
10K
- OUT
- 54-
Just imagine what it would be like if there were no

microphone and amplifier in your school auditorium.
Without such a public address system, a person could
not make his or her voice audible to a large audience. In
the ampIifier circuit you will build for this expeiriment,
the audio voltage produced by the intensity variations
and vibrations of the human voice and various other
sounds is fed to the base of the transistor. Then it
comes out amplified to the collector, where the signal is
controlled and fed to the ampIifier circuit.
earphone. Turn on the power switch, and the microphone (earhone) and amplifier are in operation.
No.47 Fixed-bias 1-Transistor + IC Amplifier (Resisti

4.7K
+B
OUT
+A
OUT
1M
0.05
AMP
10
10K
- OUT
Electronic devices are becoming more and more

compact, and it is becoming out of date to use a large
part like a transformer. So this time, experiment with a
very "streamlined" amplifier circuit.
There are various kinds of ampIifier circuits. Compare
this one with the others you have built when you complete this experiment.
earphone. Turn on the main switch, and the microphone (earphone) and amplifier are in operation.
- 55-
No.48 Fixed-bias 1-Transistor + IC Amplifier (Transform

+B
OUT
1M
+A
OUT
10
AMP
0.05
10K
- OUT
- 56-
An amplifier output is measured in watts(W).

About 1W is sufficient for ordinary home radio sets.
Amplifiers larger than 20W in output are used in Hi-Fi
sets. Most of the amplifiers used in public address systems have an output over 500W.
Now Iet's experiment with an amplifier circuit using a
transformer. Arrange the blocks as illustrated at left,
attaching the earphone. Turn on the power switch,
and the microphone (earphone) and amplifier are in
operation.
No.49 1-Transistor + IC Amplifier Signal Tracer

4.7K
+A
OUT
+B
OUT
1M
AMP
0.05
10
10K
- OUT
Arrange the electronic blocks and connect the

60cm cords as iIIustrated. Use the cord connection for
high frequencies when you want to check the high
frequencies in the radio set.
Turn on the radio to be examined. With the negative
-OUT of the cord held in contact with the negative (-)
side of the radio. use the positive -OUT of the other
cord to trace the path of signals from the tuning circuit
to the diode. When there is nothing wrong with the high
frequency parts, a broadcast signal will come out of the
speaker.
High-frequency
Low-frequency
- 57-
No. 50 Continuity Tester (Speaker Type)

0.005
+ A OUT
1M
+ B OUT
10
1K
+
AMP
4.7K
10K
- OUT
- 58-
Continuity tester is an instrument for checking to

see if there is any broken wire in electric apparatus.
Let's build up a continuity tester and check for broken
wires in pressing irons, electric Iamps, motors and so
forth. When there is no broken wire, a high-pitched note
comes out of the speaker but no sound is heard when
there are broken wires.
Be sure to disconnect the device you are testing from
AC power.
No.51 Morse Code Practice Circuit
(Speaker Type)
+ B OUT
+ A OUT
10
0.005
1M
AMP
10K
- OUT
You should be skillful in sending Morse code

messages by now. This time, Iet's build a speakertype
Morse code practice circuit.
power switch. Then, send messages by pressing down
and releasing the key switch. See Experiment No. 24 for
Morse code signals.
before you begin.
- 59-
No.52 Grounded Morse Telegraph (With Monitor)

+ B OUT
+ A OUT
10
0.005
1M
AMP
10K
- OUT
- 60-
In this type of telegraph, one end of the circuit is

grounded to the earth. A message can be sent by a
single wire, and therefore the length of the circuit can be
reduced with this telegraph, you can send your
messages while monitoring them.
Arrange the blocks, earphone,and antenna as iIIustrated
at Ieft. Turn on the power switch,and send messages by
pressing down and releasing the key switch. Your friend
will receive the messages through the earphone
attached to your kit. See Experiment No.24 for Morse
code signals.
No.53 1-Transistor + IC Disconnected Circuit Warning

1M
+ A OUT
0.005
+ B OUT
0.05
+
4.7K
AMP
10
10K
- OUT
This waring device contains a circuit utilizing the

switching function of a transistor and an oscillatory
circuit. The mechanism is set off by a disturbance to the
60cm cords connecled to it. Arrange the blocks as
illustrated at left. Attach the cords, holding the ends
together with a plastic clip to prevent oscillation. Now
turn on the power switch. Whenever something touches
the cords and disconnects them, the transistor will start
oscillation to produce a warning sound from the
speaker.
- 61-
No.54 1-Transistor + IC Water-LeveI Warning Device

1M
+ A OUT
0.005
+ B OUT
0.05
+
AMP
10
10K
10K
- OUT
+
+
- 62-
This water-level warning device also utilizes an

oscillatory circuit. Tap water can be used in this
experiment because it conducts electricity, although
only a smalI quantity.
60cm cords. Hold the ends of the cords together with a
plastic cIip and set them at a suitable height in a
bathtub before filling it with water. Turn on the power
switch. When the water leveI reaches the terminals, a
current will flow between the two to cause a bias
current to the base of the transistor, and a warning will
sound to indicate that the bathtub has been filled to the
proper level.
No.55 1-Transistor + lC Electronic SIeeping Aid

+ B OUT
+ A OUT
1M
0.05
+
AMP
10
10
10K
- OUT
This electronic sleeping aid is

to the one you built in Experiment
earphone is required. Arrange
illustrated at left and turn on the
Does the sound make you drowsy?
similar in effect
No.12, but no
the blocks as
power switch.
- 63-
No.56 1-Transistor + IC Lie Detector

+ A OUT
+ B OUT
AMP
+
10
10K
- OUT
This lie detector operates on the same principle as

the one in Experiment No.30, but no earphone is
required. Arrange the blocks and 60cm cords as illustrated at left. Turn on the power switch. Have a friend
grip the ends of the cords, then ask various questions.
The oscillation will increase when your friend lies
because the skin is more moistened with perspiration
and its electrical conductivity has increased.

- 64-
No.57 1-Transistor + lC Metronome (Speaker Type)

+ A OUT
+ B OUT
1M
0.005
AMP
+
10
10
1K
10K
- OUT
This metronome operates on the same principle

as the one in Experiment No.22, but no earphone
is required. Arrange the blocks as illustrated at left.
Turn on the power switch, and the metronome will
mark time.
- 65-
No.58 1-Transistor + IC Electronic Bird (Speaker Type)

+ B OUT
+ A OUT
10K
1M
100P +
AMP
10
10
0.01
0.05
1K
10K
- OUT
before you begin.
- 66-
This electronic "chirper" operates on the same

prinicple as the one in Experiment No.21, but no
earphone is required. Arrange the blocks as illustrated
at left and turn on the power switch. You will hear birds
singing.
Very low-frequency oscillation is caused by a resistor
and the charging and discharging of a capacitor. A lowfrequency oscillation note is added to produce the
charming "peep, peep, peep".
No.59 1-Transistor + IC Electronic Siren (Speaker Type

+ B OUT
100P
+ A OUT
0.05
1M
0.005
AMP
+
10
0.01
10K
1K
- OUT
This experiment operates on the same principle as

Experiment No.32, but no earphone is required. Arrange
the electronic blocks as illustrated at left. Turn on the
power switch and press down on the key switch. A
sound like that of a siren will come out of the speaker.
before you begin.
- 67-
No.60 1-Transistor + IC Frequency Doubling Circuit

+ A OUT
+ B OUT
4.7K
1M
AMP
10
0.05
10K
- OUT
+
+
- 68-
This device will change the sound of your voice. lt

uses the rectifying function of a diode to do so. The
circuit, which is made up of a transistor and an IC
amplifier, doubles the frequency of the incoming signal.
earphone. Turn on the power switch and speak into the
earphone. A voice which sounds different from yours will
come out of the speaker.
No.61 AC Bridge (For Resistance)

+ A OUT
10K
10K
4.7K
4.7K
0.05
- OUT
A tester is usually employed for measuring

resistance, but resistance can also be measured by the
intensity of sound. Now Iet's do an experiment with a
circuit that uses sound. We will measure a resistance of
10K , which is indicated by the arrow on the electronic
board.
Arrange the electronic blocks and earphone as
illustrated at left and turn on the power switch. PIace
the earphone in your ear. Listening to the sound, turn
the volume control dial to the right and left, searching
for the point where the sound is lowest; that is, where
the resistance is about 10K . Take a note of the
position of the volume control dial. lt will be helpful in
measuring an unknown resistance whenever using this
circuit.
< In case the sound comes from the amplifier

when turning on the main switch>
1. Stay away from the main body as far as
possible and put the earphone on the ear.
2. Change the volume little by little.
Concentrate on the sound from the earphone.
- 69-
No.62 AC Bridge (For Capacitor)

+ A OUT
0.01
0.1
10K
0.05
4.7K
0.05
- OUT
Were you successful with Experiment No.61? Now

we will do a similar experiment for measuring
capacitance.
Arrange the blocks and earphone as illustrated at Ieft.
Place the earphone in your ear. As in the preceding
experiment, turn the volume control dial while listening
to the sound to find the point where the sound is
Iowest. A 0.01 capacitor is inserted in this circuit, as
indicated by the arrow.
- 70-
< In case the sound comes from the amplifier

when turning on the main switch>
1. Stay away from the main body as far as
possible and put the earphone on the ear.
2. Change the volume little by little.
Concentrate on the sound from the earphone.
No.63 Light Control Circuit

+ A OUT
10K
10K
- OUT
You must have been in movie theaters, where

the lights are not abruptly switched off but
gradually dimmed before a movie is shown on the
screen. Now let's experiment with a circuit for
controlling the intensity of light.
Arrange the blocks as iIIustrated at Ieft and turn
on the power switch. Then turn the volume control
knob slowly to dim the Iight gradually.
- 71-
No.64 EIectronic Gun

+ B OUT
0.005
10
10
+ A OUT
0.01
+
1M
AMP
0.05
0.05
10K
- OUT
before you begin.
- 72-
This is an experiment with a circuit that produces

the imitation sound of a gun. Arrange the blocks as
iIIustrated at left and turn on the power switch. You will
hear the sound of a gun.
No.65 2-Transistor IC Electronic Siren

+ B OUT
0.005
+ A OUT
4.7K
1K
560K
1M
10
+ 10
0.05
AMP
10K
10K
- OUT
Let's make an electronic siren. This circuit is

composed of two transistors and an IC amplifier.
Arrange the blocks as iIIustrated at left and turn on the
power switch. Do you hear the siren?

before you begin.
- 73-
No.66 Monostable Multiple Circuit

+ A OUT
1K
10K
10K
47
4.7K
10
+
4.7K
- OUT
before you begin.
- 74-
You have Iearned that whenever the key switch on

the electronic board is pressed down, something is
activated. In this circuit, when the key switch is pressed
down for about 0.2 seconds, the Iamp glows once and
immediately goes off. This type of circuit is used for
lighting a Iamp on a bus and for various other purposes.
Can you think of other interesting appli-cations for this
circuit?
No.67 Wireless Water-Level Warning Device


+ A OUT
560K
10K
0.05
1M
0.005
560
(0.4V)
- OUT
This circuit is another device that will tell you when

your bathtub has been filled with water. Arrange the
blocks, antenna, and 60cm cords as illustrated at left.
Continue the experiment as No 27, but you will not
require an earphone. When the water level rises to the
cords (electrodes) and a current flows between them, a
warning sound will come out of the radio. See No.10 to
set up the radio.
Antenna
- 75-
No.68 2-Transistor + IC Amplifier (Direct-coupled Type

+ B OUT
+ A OUT
10K
1M
10
4.7K + 10
1K
+
47
AMP
4.7K
10K
- OUT
- 76-
Now go back and review the amplifier circuits you

have made. Then build the IC amplifier with transistors
called for in this experiment.
Arrange the blocks and earphone as illustrated at left.
Speak to the earphone, you will hear your voice comes
out of the speaker.
Of all the amplifiers you have built, which do you think
has the highest sensitivity? Different components have
been used to build their circuits. Take a good look at the
components and try to understand the functions they
perform.
No.69 Light and Sound Water-LeveI Warning Device

560K
0.005
+ A OUT
10
AMP
10K
- OUT
So far you have made various water-Ievel warning

circuits. In this experiment, you will make a water-Ievel
warning device using Iight and sound.
Arrange the blocks as iIIustrated at left, attaching the
60cm cords. Continue the experiment as No. 27, but
you will not require the earphone, and you will test the
water in a water glass rather than in a bathtub.
When the cords (electrodes) are immersed in the water,
a sound comes from the speaker and the lamp glows at
the same time. This circuit may be used as a rain
warning device if cleverly arranged.
- 77-
No.70 Electronic Bird (Speaker Type)

5K
10K
1M
1M
+ A OUT
+ B OUT
+
10
10K
10
AMP
0.05
1K
10K
- OUT
0.005
before you begin.
- 78-
Now let's build a circuit using two transistors and

an IC amplifier to electronically imitate the sound of a
singing bird again. Arrange the blocks as illustrated at
left and turn on the power switch.
In this circuit, the volume can be controlled.
No.71 2-Transistor + IC Amplifier Signal Tracer

+ A OUT
+ B OUT
10K
10
1M
AMP
0.1
1K
10K
4.7K
47
- OUT
Use this 2-transistor and IC amplifier signal tracer

to detect trouble in your radio receiver by checking the
radio's components one after another as illstrated
below.
red and black tester rods. Turn on power switch. Making
sure that the radio is disconnected from the electrical
socket, test it in the following manner:
A typical method of locating a trouble in a radio

HighLowTuning
Power
frequency Rectifier frequency
circuit
amplifier
amplifier
amplifier
One of the tester rod is connecte

terminal of dry battery.
High-frequency
Low-frequency
- 79-
No.72 Physical Agility Tester

+ A OUT
10K
10K
+
10
10
1K
- OUT
With this circuit, you can test your friends'

agility by seeing who can make the lamp glow the
brightest. It will glow only when someone quickly
presses the key switch on and off. If he or she
slows down the motion, the lamp will not light.
Arrange the blocks as illustrated at left and turn
on the power switch. Then take turns pressing up
and down on the key switch to see who is the
most agile.
Caution : Follow the diagram for block placement exactly when you do this experiment. If you
do not, the bIocks may be damaged. Check to see that the four 1.5 volt batteries
are in place before you begin.
- 80-
No.73 CR-Coupled 2-Transistor + IC Amplifier

+ B OUT
4.7K
0.05
1M
10
560K
0.1
0.005
AMP
1M
47
+ 10
+ A OUT
5K
1K
10K
- OUT
Now Iet's build a CR-coupled amplifier capacitor. R

represents resistor; that is, this is an amplifier made up
of a capacitor and a resistor. Arrange the blocks as
iIIustrated at left, attaching the earphone. Turn on the
power switch. For this experiment, you will use the
earphone as a microphone.
- 81-
No.74 Wireless Water Shortage Warning Device

Antenna

0.5
(0.4A)
+ A OUT
560K
10K
0.05
1M
0.005
560
(0.4V)
- OUT
- 82-
This is a wireless water shortage warning circuit

that may be used in various ways, such as giving a
warning when the water level has fallen too low in the
bathtub or the soil in a flowerpot has become too dry.
This device is constructed so that the oscillatory circuit
will go into operation when the electrodes are out of
water. Since this is a wireless mechanism, it must be
tuned to a radio set.
Arrange the blocks as illustrated at Ieft, attaching the
antenna and 60cm cords fastened with a plastic clip.
Turn on the power switch and tune the kit to your radio
set as in Experiment No.10. PIace the cords (electrodes)
in a container with water or a moist substance. When
the water level goes down or water content evaporates,
a warning will sound.
No.75 Electronic Horn

+ A OUT
0.1
0.05
1M
AMP
10K
1K
- OUT
This experiment is an application of the unstable

multivibrator. The circuit will produce the sound of a
horn.
power switch. When the key switch is depressed, the
circuit produces an oscillation sound, or the sound of
the horn, which continues for a while after the switch is
released.
before you begin.
- 83-
No.76 Basic Circuit of Photophone

+ A OUT
560K
1M
0.1
- OUT
Have you ever seen a photophone? It is a

telephone that uses Iight, instead of ordinary telephone
cables, to transmit messages; that is, sound signals are
turned to light signals (variations of light intensity) to
travel through space. Then they are turned back to
sound signals where they are received. In this
experiment we will test the circuit for emitting the Iight
signals.
Arrange the blocks and earphone as illustrated at left
and turn on the power switch. Speak into the earphone
and your voice will cause the lamp to flash.
- 84-
No.77 Basic Circuit of EIectronic Timer

+ A OUT
1K
560K
10
10K
47
4.7K
- OUT
The electronic timer, coupled with a CdS photocell,

is built into a camera to determine the correct shutter
speed according to the available lighting. lt also is used
to assure the correct exposure time when developing
and printing films in a darkroom. The electronic timer
you are going to build now will work to make the lamp
glow for 10 to 30 seconds.
power switch. Press down on the key switch and the
lamp will flash on as a timer.
before you begin.
- 85-
No.78 Sound and Light Disconnected Circuit Warning

+ A OUT
560K
0.01
AMP
10
10K
10K
- OUT
- 86-
This circuit has the same function as that for

other warning devices you have built; but the
warning is signalled by both sound and light. When
the sound volume is turned down to an inaudible
level, light alone will flash the warning that the
cords have been disconnected.
Arrange the blocks as illustrated at left. Continue
as Experiment No.53. Then turn down the volume
and see the Iight flash a warning by itself. Can
you think of other interesting applications for this
circuit?
No.79 Unstable Multiple Circuit

+ A OUT
4.7K
1K
10K
47
+
10K
10
+
- OUT
In a computer, the instructions and Information are

processed at a definite speed, which is determined by
the type of circuit featured in this experiment. Here, the
circuit controls the speed at which the lamp goes on
and off.
Arrange the blocks as iIIustrated at Ieft and turn on the
power switch. Then watch the lamp to see how it is
programmed.
- 87-
No.80 FIip-Flop Multiple Circuit

+ A OUT
1K
10K
10K
47
4.7K
4.7K
- OUT
This is also one of the circuits used in a computer.

Arrange the blocks and tester rods as illustrated at Ieft.
Then turn on the power switch. Press down on the key
switch and the lamp will go on. It will remain on even
when the key switch is released. Touch the two tester
rods together. The lamp will go off and remain off when
the tester rods are separated and set aside. You have
just seen that this circuit performs the function of
memorizing that the key switch was depressed
(instruction A) and that the tester rods were touched
together (instruction B).
- 88-
No.81 Touch Buzzer

+ A OUT
560K
+ B OUT
0.01
4.7K
AMP
+
10
10K
- OUT
Let's do an experiment to see if the human body is

an electrical conductor. Arrange the blocks and 60cm
cords as illustrated at left and turn on the power switch.
Grasp the ends of the cords lightly in the thumb and
forefinger of each hand, and the buzzer will sound. This
is because when you hold the electrodes in this way, a
current flows between them through your skin to put the
oscillatory circuit into operation and sound the buzzer.
before you begin.
-89-
No.82 Wireless Disconnected Circuit Warning Device

Antenna

+ A OUT
560K
10K
0.05
1M
0.005
560
(0.4V)
- OUT
Now let's experiment with another wireless

disconnected circuit warning device. Arrange the
blocks, antenna, and 60cm cords as illustrated at left.
You need an extra radio with AM frequency.
Turn on the main switch, disconnect the water Ievel clip.
Tuning the extra radio until you hear a high-pitch tone
comes out of the radio.
If you connect the water level clip, the high-pitch tone
will disappear.
-90-
No.83 Sound and Light Morse Code Practice Circuit

+ A OUT
560K
0.005
0.005
AMP
+
10
10K
- OUT
+
Have you trained yourself to send Morse code

signals yet? This time, let's build another Morse code
practice circuit using both sound and light. Refer to
Experiment No. 24 to review the Morse code signals if
necessary.
power switch. If you wish, turn the volume down. You
may now send signals by light alone.
before you begin.
-91-
No.84 Wireless Morse Telegraph

Antenna

0.05
+ A OUT
4mH
1M
100P
0.01
560K
1K
- OUT
Nowadays there are many uses for radio waves in

our home, such as TV and radio sets, and microwave
ovens. Radio waves will be employed even more to
serve our daily needs in the future.
In this experiment, we will build a wireless telegraph that
uses radio waves. After assembling the blocks and
antenna as illustrated at left, turn on the power switch
and tune the telegraphic circuit to your radio set as you
did in Experiment No.10. Now you can experiment again
with wireless Morse code communication. Use the
Morse code signals shown in Experiment No. 24.
The waveform used is the A2 wave.
before you begin.
-92-
No.85 Sound and Light Water Shortage Warning Device

+ A OUT
560K
0.005
AMP
10
+
10K
10K
- OUT
Did you find any interesting applications for the

water shortage warning circuits in previous experiments?
Here we will make a water shortage warning circuit using
both sound and Iight.
Arrange the blocks as iIIustrated at Ieft and attach the
60cm cords. Fasten the cords with a plastic clip. They
wiII function as electrodes.
Dip the electrodes into water and turn on the power
switch. Then lift the electrodes out of the water and
Iisten to the sound that is made by the circuit. Now turn
the volume down and dip the electrodes again. The Iamp
will flash a warning. Since this circuit produces both
sound and light, it can be used even at night. Try to find
several interesting applications for tihs device.
- 93-
No.86 Automatic Lamp Flashing Circuit

+ A OUT
10K
1K
10K
4.7K
+
+
47
10
- OUT
A circuit for automatically turning a lamp on and off

has many applications. It is used in the flashing light
signals for electric trains and automobiles. You will now
build one of these circuits.
Arrange the blocks as iIIustrated at Ieft and turn on the
power switch. Press the key switch and see the Iamp
flash on and off.
before you begin.
-94-
No.87 AIternating Current Generator

+ A OUT
10K
10K
4.7K
0.05
0.01
4.7K
- OUT
This is an application of the multivibrator. In this

circuit we use a transformer connected to the collectors
of two transistors to generate an alternating current
from the direct current derived from the 6V dry battery.
This principle is used to provide a power supply for TV
sets and fluorescent lamps in cars in which only dc
current is available. In this experimental circuit, the
oscillation frequency is so Iowered that the sound of
osciIIation is audible to the ear. Use earphone to hear
the sound of the alternating current. The alternating
voltage varies according to the ratio of the number of
turns in the primary and the secondary windings of the
transformer. It is about 10V to 20V in this circuit.
-95-
No.88 2-Transistor Wireless Microphone

Antenna
+ A OUT
560K
1K
1M
4mH
10K
0.05
0.005
560
(0.4V)
- OUT
Now let's build a wireless microphone circuit with

two transistors. Arrange the blocks, antenna, and
microphone as illustrated at left and turn on the power
switch. Tune the kit to a radio as in Experiment No. 10.
Now speak into the microphone.
Red Wire
-96-
Black Wire
No.89 Transformer-coupled 2-Transistor + IC Amplifier

4.7K
560K
+ A OUT
+ B OUT
+
10
AMP
1M
+
47
0.005
10K
10
- OUT
This is an Experiment with a transformer-coupled 2transistor amplifier. Arrange the blocks and earphone as
iIIustrated at left and turn on the power switch.
Can you think of various uses for this amplifier?
- 97-
No.90 Turning a Lamp On and Off by Two Switches

+ A OUT
- OUT
Frequently you will find stairways that have a light

switch at the top and bottom of the stairs. You can turn
the light on and off with either switch, and you can turn
it on with one swicth and off with the other. Now you will
build this convenient circuit.
Arrange the blocks as iIIustrated at left. Connect the
60cm cords as indicated by solid lines and turn on the
power switch. Now the lamp is off, but it will go on
when either of the cords is connected, as indicated by
the broken Iines.
before you begin.
-98-
No.91 Buzzer Sounding for a Definite Time

+ A OUT
+ B OUT
1M
0.005
1K
1M
47
5K
0.05
AMP
+
10
10K
10K
- OUT
+
This is another appiIcation of the osclilatory circuit.

With this circuit, the buzzer will sound for only a fixed
amount of time. It would be fun to use this circuit to see
how much you can accomplish while the buzzer is
ringing.
Arrange the blocks as illustrated at Ieft and turn on the
power switch. Press the key switch and the buzzing will
begin.
< In case the buzzer sounds before the key switch

is turned on when turning on the main switch>
Turn off the main switch once and adjust
the volume as follows.
1. Turn on the main switch.
2. Turn down the volume little by little.
3. When the buzzer becomes too small to hear,
push the key switch.
before you begin.
- 99-
No.92
Radio with Water-LeveI Warning Device

4.7K
5K
1M
1M
+ A OUT
+ B OUT
+
10
AMP
4mH
0.01
0.05
10K
4.7K
100P
+ 10
0.05
+
1K
10K
- OUT
47
- 100-
With this circuit, the radio in your kit will warn you
when water rises to a predetermined Ievel in the
bathtub. Arrange the blocks and 60cm cords as
illustrated at left. Attach the cords with a plastic clip,
place them at a desired height in the bathtub, and turn
on the power switch. The radio will produce a warning
sound. "beep, beep, beep," when the water rises to the
ends of the cords. This circuit can also be used as a
rain warning device.
No.93 Electronic Organ

+ A OUT
10K
10
0.05
AMP
0.1
4.7K
10K
- OUT
In Experiment No.16, we showed that the Iead of a

pencil will conduct an electrical current. Now let's
experiment with an electronic organ, using a pencildrawn stripe on a piece of paper as resistance.
Arrange the blocks and connect the tester rods as
iIIustrated at left. Draw a stripe about 5mm wide in
pencil on a piece of thick paper. Turn on the power
switch. With one of the tester rods left in contact with
one end of the stripe, slide the other tester rod along
the stripe to produce the notes of the musical scale: do,
re, mi, fa, so, Ia, ti, do. Writing down where the notes
are produced will help in playing this electronic organ.
2B
-101-
No.94 Basic Theory of AND Circuit

+ A OUT
- OUT
A circuit that produces an output only when two

instructions (A) and (B) coincide with each other is
called the AND circuit, element, or gate.
Arrange the blocks and tester rods as iIIustrated at left.
Turn on the power switch. Now (A) depress the key
switch; the lamp remains off. With the key switch
depressed, (B) touch the ends of the tester rods, and
this time the Iamp will glow. This is because the AND
circuit has been given two coincident input signals.
- 102-
No.95 Basic Theory of OR Circuit

+ A OUT
- OUT
The OR circuit operates when either one of

two instructions, (A) or (B), is given. Arrange the
blocks and tester rods as illustrated at left. The
Iamp wiII go on either when (A) the key switch is
depressed or when(B) the tester rods are touched.
-103-
No.96 Basic Theory of NOT Circuit

+ A OUT
10K
- OUT
A computer does calculations and processes data

by translating 0 or 1 and yes or no on electrical signals,
that is, there is a voltage or there is no voltage. There
are gates in the information transmission circuits to let
in and out the data to be handled. According to the
various instructions, these gates open and close at a
definite speed to store information, take information
from the memory, and to do calculations. We have so far
experimented with the basic principles of such circuits.
Now let's build up a NOT circuit, which is used to
reverse a sequence of instructions that have been
received. Arrange the blocks as iIIustrated at left and
turn on the power switch. Depress the key switch, and
the Iamp,which has been on, will go off.
before you begin.
- 104-
No.97 Basic Theory of NAND Circuit

+ A OUT
10K
- OUT
This is also an experiment with a computer

circuit. When two coincident instructions are put in,
the NAND circuit reveres the instructions. A gate
that performs such a function is called the NAND
gate. It is a combination of the AND gate and the
NOT gate.
Arrange the blocks and tester rods as illustrated at
Ieft. Turn on the power switch and (A) depress the
key switch and the lamp wiII go on. Now (B)
touch the tester rods together. The lamp goes out;
that is, when the two instructions were given at
the same time, they reversed each other.
-105-
No.98 Basic Theory of NOR Circuit

+ A OUT
10K
- OUT
The NAND gate reverses two coincident instructions. The NOR gate, or circuit, reverses either of
two instructions, (A) or (B).
Arrange the blocks and tester rods as illustrated at left
and turn on the power switch. Now the lamp goes on.
(A) Depress the key switch and the Iamp remains off.
Next, (B) touch the tester rods together and the lamp
will go off. That is, the NOR gate has reversed the two
instructions (A) and (B). The NOR gate is a combination
of the OR gate and the NOT gate.
- 106-
No.99 EIectronic Horn

+ A OUT
4.7K
+
47
10K
4.7K
0.05
10K
10
AMP
0.05
0.1
10K
1K
- OUT
This circuit makes a sound Iike the horn of a car,

truck, or bus when the key switch is depressed. The
sound will continue for a while after the switch is
released. This is because the discharging of a 47
capacitor is utilized.
Arrange the blocks as illustrated at Ieft, turn on the
power switch, and press down on the key switch to
produce the sound of the horn. Pressing down in
different ways will bring forth different tones from the
horn.
before you begin.
-107-
No.100 Series and ParaIIeI Connections of Capacitors

+ A OUT
10
0.05
+B
OUT
10K
0.05
AMP
10K
4.7K
0.01
10K
- OUT
0.05
0.1
before you begin.
- 108-
Series
0.05
0.1
Parallel
Let's do an experiment with capacitors to see how

their capacitance changes when they are connected
either in series or in parallel. Arrange the blocks and
connect a 60cm cord as indicated by the solid line in the
iIIustration at left. Turn on the power switch and listen to
the sound coming from the speaker. lt is the sound of
oscillation by the 0.1 . Disconnect the cord and the pitch
will become higher. This is because the 0.05 capacitor
is now connected in series with the 0.1 capacitor.
Connect the cord as indicated by the solid line and Iisten
to the sound when the key switch is depressed. It wilt
become Iower in pitch. This is because the 0.1
capacitor has been connected in parallel with the 0.05
capacitor. The test results may be summarized as
follows:
Capacitors connected in series = Capacitance becomes
smaller
Capacitors connected in parallel = Capacltance becomes
larger
No.101 Switching Function of CdS Cell

+ A OUT
10K
- OUT
A CdS cell has the properties of becoming lower in

resistance when exposed to light and higher in
resistance when no light shines on it. Now let's
experiment with these properties of the CdS cell.
power switch. Shine a strong light on the CdS cell and
the lamp remains off. Next, shade the CdS cell from the
Iight and the lamp will go on. Using the CdS ceII, it is
possible to turn the lamp on and off simply through the
presence or absence of light. That is, the CdS cell can
perform a "switching operation".
before you begin.
-109-
No.102 Basic Circuit of Light Warning Device(1)

+ A OUT
10K
- OUT
The circuit for a Iight warning device using the CdS

photoceII is simple in principle and very interesting. It
can also be applied to various uses other than warning
devices.
As we studied on the preceding page, the CdS cell
changes its electrical resistance according to the
intensity of light that strikes the ceII. Here we will also
do an experiment with this property of the CdS cell.
With the circuit you will now build, however, you can use
a light weaker than that which you used in the previous
experiment. Arrange the blocks as illustrated at Ieft and
turn on the power switch. With the CdS cell shielded
with one hand, direct it toward a source of bright light,
then remove the hand so that the cell is exposed to the
light. Now the Iamp will go on.
before you begin.
- 110-
No.103 Basic Circuit of Light Warning Device (2)

+ A OUT
4.7K
10K
1K
4.7K
- OUT
This experiment uses an interesting circit that

causes a Iamp to glow when it is shielded from
light. The circuit is useful because it can warn you
when you have insufficent reading light, and it can
also act as a "receptionist" by sounding a warning
when someone has opened a door to your house.
After arranging the blocks as iIIustrated at left and
turning on the power switch, shine strong Iight on
the CdS cell. Then shade the cell from the light
with one hand. Now the lamp will glow.
Can you think of other uses for this circuit?
-111-
No.104 Circuit That Buzzes When Struck by Light

+ A OUT
+ B OUT
0.005
1M
10
+
AMP
4.7K
10K
- OUT
+
before you begin.
- 112-
You have Iearned to build various kinds of warning

circuits. Now let's experiment with one that produces a
buzzing sound when exposed to light.
Arrange the blocks and connect the 60cm cords as
illustrated at Ieft. Turn on the power switch and shine a
light on the CdS cell. A buzzing sound will come out of
the speaker.
Note: When casting a light, it has to be strong.

If it is feeble, the buzzer may not sound.
No.105 Circuit That Buzzes When Shaded from Light

+ B OUT
0.01
+ A OUT
560K
10
+
AMP
4.7K
10K
10K
- OUT
On the preceding page you build a circuit that

buzzes when struck by Iight. This time you will experiment with a circuit that produces a buzzing sound when
the CdS cell is shaded from light. Arrange the blocks
and connect the 60cm cords as iIIustrated at Ieft. Turn
on the power switch and shade the CdS cell from the
light with one hand. A buzzing sound will come out of
the speaker.
before you begin.
-113-
No.106 Electronic Bird That Sings When It Becomes Light

+B
OUT
+ A OUT
5K
4.7K
1M
560K
0.1
0.01
AMP
10
10K
80K
(40V)
10K
0.005
- OUT
before you begin.
- 114-
Would you like to be awakened by the song of a

bird instead of an alarm clock in the morning? Now let's
buiId a circuit that wiII allow you to do so.
iIIustrated at left. Turn on the main switch and face the
CdS cell in the direction of a light source in the room.
You will hear the sound of a bird. When you do this
experiment in a welIiIIuminated room, the "bird" will
continue singing. Shade the CdS cell with one hand
when you want it to stop singing.
If you want to wake up by the singing, set up the circuit,
turn on the power switch, and set the kit by the window.
The singing will begin when the sun comes up. The
volume can be adjusted by turning the volume control
dial.
No.107 EIectronic Bird That Sings When It Becomes Dar

+ B OUT
4.7K
5K
1M
560K
+ A OUT
10
AMP
10
0.01
0.005
10K
10K
1K
10K
- OUT
Now you will experiment with a circuit that

produces an effect opposite from that of the circuit in
the preceding experiment. That is, this circuit produces
the sound of a singing bird when it becomes dark.
illustrated at left. Continue as for Experiment No.106.
This time, shade the CdS cell with one hand from the
light, and the "bird" will begin to sing.
before you begin.
-115-
No.108 Photoradio That Is Switched On When It Becomes L

+ B OUT
+ A OUT
560K
4mH
100P
10
+
AMP
0.05
0.05
10K
0.01
1K
- OUT
before you begin.
- 116-
Let's make a radio that is switched on by light,

using an ordinary radio circuit and a CdS cell. Arrange
the blocks as illustrated at left and turn the kit in the
direction of a light source. Turn on the power switch and
the radio will begin to play. Turn the kit away from the
light source, and the radio will stop playing.
Note: When casting a light, it has to be strong.

If it is feeble, it may not work.
No.109 Photoradio That Is Switched On When It Becomes

+ B OUT
10K
+ A OUT
5K
1M
10
AMP
4mH
1M
0.1
100P
10K
0.05
0.05
0.01
1K
- OUT
This time you will experiment with a radio that

goes on when it grows dark. This radio circuit
uses one more transistor than the one described
on the preceding page.
Arrange the blocks as iIIustrated at Ieft and turn
on the power switch. Now shade the CdS cell with
one hand from the Iight, and the radio will begin
to play. Remove your hand, and the radio will
-117-
No.110 Circuit That Blinks a Lamp

When It Becomes Light
On and Off
+ A OUT
4.7K
1K
10K
47
10K
10
+
+
- OUT
By now you have some knowledge of the

properties of the CdS cell. You know it can be
used as a switch. This time you wiil do an
experiment in which the CdS cell operates
somewhat differently. The Iamp will go on and off
when Iight shines on the CdS cell.
Arrange the blocks as illustrated at left and turn
on the power switch. Shine a strong light on the
CdS cell, and the lamp will go on and off.
- 118-
No.111 Circuit That Blinks a Lamp

When It Becomes Dark
On and Off
+ A OUT
4.7K
1K
80K(40V)
10K
10
10
+
+
- OUT
In this experiment you will build a circuit that blinks

a lamp on and off when it becomes dark. If you think
this circuit is not much different from the one on the
preceding page, take a good look at the circuit diagram
and you wiII see that the location of the CdS cell has
changed. The same transistors and other electronic
parts may be used in many different ways. Carefully
study their functions in each experiment.
Now arrange the blocks and 60cm cords as iliustrated
at Ieft and turn on the power switch. The lamp will go on
and off when the CdS cell is shaded.
before you begin.
-119-
No.112 Circuit That Changes the FIashing Speed of a Lam

According to Light Intensity
+ A OUT
4.7K
1K
10K
560K
47
10
+
+
- OUT
Now we will experiment with a circuit that changes

the flashing speed according to the intensity of light
falling on the CdS cell. Arrange the blocks as iIIustrated
at Ieft and turn on the power switch. Carry the blocks
from light to dark areas of the room, also shading and
then uncovering it with your hand. The change in light
intensity falling on the CdS cell will affect the speed at
which the lamp goes on and off.
before you begin.
- 120-
No.113 Circuit That Changes the Tonal Quality with Li

+ A OUT
4.7K
1K
4.7K
10K
AMP
0.1
560K
0.05 0.005
+
10
10K
- OUT
+
We have learned that the CdS cell changes its

electrical resistance according to the intensitv of light
falling on it. Now Iet's build a circuit that alters the
quality of sound according to the intensity of light falling
on the CdS cell that changes the resistance.
power switch. A sound will come from the speaker. Vary
the intensity of Iight falling on the CdS cell and see how
the sound quality changes. This circuit may be used as
a musical instrument if you cleverly manage the light
intensity.
before you begin.
-121-
No.114
Basic Circuit of Photogun

+ A OUT
4.7K
AMP
0.01
0.05
10
10K
1K
- OUT
before you begin.
- 122-
Now Iet's experiment with the basic circuit of a

photogun, using a CdS cell. Arrange the blocks as
illustrated at left. Put the kit in a dim area of the room
for a while, then turn on the power switch and now
move the kit under bright light so that the CdS cell can
react. Sound will come out of the speaker when the light
hits the cell.
No.115 Automatic Light Control

+ A OUT
10K
10K
- OUT
When it grows dark in the evening, lights

illuminate streets and expressways. They must be
turned off when it becomes light in the morning to
avoid the wasteful loss of electric power. Actually,
those outdoor lights are turned on and off by the
action of electronic switches that work on their
own.
Now let's experiment with such an electronic
circuIt. Arrange the blocks as illustrated at Ieft and
turn on the power switch. Expose the CdS cell in
the kit to strong light and the lamp will dim.
Shade the cell from light and the Iamp will grow
brighter.
Try to find where the light-sensitive device is
-123-
No.116 Light-receiving Device in Photogun

+ A OUT
4.7K
10K
10K
- OUT
We have made a steady advance in experiments

with the CdS cell. Now we will proceed to an experiment
with a circuit that has a resetting function.
First make sure you have very strong light available.
power switch. The lamp will go on when the cell is
struck by light. Depress the key switch and the lamp will
go off. Release the switch, and the lamp will glow once
again.
before you begin.
- 124-
No.117 Circuit Radiating Radio Waves When It Becomes

Antenna

+ A OUT
560K
10K
0.005
0.05
1M
560
(0.4V)
- OUT
This time, we will experiment with a wireless light

warning device using a CdS cell. Arrange the blocks and
connect the antenna and 60cm cords as illustrated at
left. Turn on the power switch. Tune the circuit to a
radio set as you did in Experiment No.10. This time you
will not hear a whistling sound but a station instead.
Expose the CdS cell to light. Then shade the cell with
one hand to see what wiII happen to the sound coming
out of the radio.
before you begin.
-125-
No.118 Circuit Radiating Radio Waves When It Grows Dark

Antenna

+ A OUT
560K
10K
0.05
0.005
560
(0.4V)
- OUT
Have you successfully done the experiment on the

preceding page? This time we will build a circuit that will
radiate radio waves when it grows dark.
Arrange the blocks, antenna, and a 60cm cord as
iIIustrated at Ieft. Tune the kit to a radio set as you did
in Experiment No.117. Test the circuit to see what it
does when the CdS cell is shaded from Iight.
before you begin.
- 126-
No. 119 Radio with Earphone Mixing

+ B OUT
+ A OUT
5K
1M
+
10
0.1
1M
4mH
AMP
0.05
100P
0.05
1K
10K
0.01
- OUT
10
10K
47
+
It would be fun to have your voice come out of the

radio speaker when you sing along with a favorite
recording artist or comment on the monolog of a radio
personality. Now let's experiment with a circuit that
enables you to do so.
Arrange the blocks, a 60cm cord, and the earphone as
illustrated at left and turn on the power switch. Depress
the key switch and sing or speak into the earphone.
-127-
No. 120 Illuminometer by Sound

+ A OUT
+ B OUT
4.7K
AMP
0.05
0.1
10K
10
10K
- OUT
before you begin.
- 128-
So far you have done several experiments with the

CdS cell. lt has many other uses. Now you will learn
about another application of the CdS cell; that is, an
illuminometer which is an instrument for measuring the
intensity of light.
power switch. Change the light falling on the CdS cell,
listening to the sound this circuit makes. The stronger
the light striking the CdS cell, the higher the voice
coming out of the speaker.
No.121 40V DC Voltmeter

+ A OUT
40V
- OUT
Your kit needs dry-cell batteries as a source of

electric power to operate the circuits built with the
blocks. As the batteries are used, their power output
becomes weaker until finally they are used up. When the
kit's radio produces too soft a sound or no sound at all,
it is necessary to check the battery potential. For this
purpose, you need a voltmeter.
You are now going to build a 40V voltmeter circuit. Your
set of electronic blocks uses only a 6V power source, so
the meter pointer should indicate about 6V on the scale.
If the meter reads below 5V, it is time to replace the
batteries with new ones.
Arrange the blocks and tester rods as illustrated at Ieft.
The black tester rod goes in the minus terminal and the
white tester rod goes in the plus terminal. Now turn on
the power switch. Watch the battery potential register
on the meter.
before you begin.
- 129-
No.122 400mA (Milliamperes) Ammeter

+ A OUT
+
0.4A
- OUT
Black
Red
before you begin.
- 130-
In this experiment you will test the battery potential

of a square-shaped dry-ceII battery OO6P-9V. First, see
if you can find this type of battery around the house. lf
not borrow one from a friend or, if necessary, purchase
one.
Arrange the blocks as illustrated at left. Connect the
black tester rod to the terminal and the red one to the
terminal of the battery. Do not leave the testers
connected to the battery too Iong. (About 0.2 second)
When the meter pointer indicates about 400mA on the
scale, the battery is still usable. The power switch must
be in its OFF position when this experiment is
performed.
No.123 Test on Ohm sf Law

1K
+ A OUT
40mA
- OUT
A very important law you should know is Ohm's

Law. Once you learn it, you can calculate a current
without taking measurements with an ammeter.
Now let's take measurements to test the law.
power switch. Now the meter pointer indicates about
6mA. This is a current of electricity flowing through a
resistance of 1K. The batteries used for these electronic
blocks have a power output of 6V. There is a certain
relationship between the figures 6V, lK, and 6mA. It is as
foIIows:
Battery voltage Resistance = Current
That is to say, the above figures have this relationship:
6
=6mA (0.006A)
l K(1000 )
before you begin.
-131-
No.124 4V DC Voltmeter
+ A OUT
4V
- OUT
To do this experiment, you will first have to

get a AA battery. You are going to measure its
voltage by using a 4V voltmeter.
Arrange the blocks and tester rods as iIIustrated at
Ieft and turn on the power switch. Touch the plus
and minus terminals of the battery as indicated.
Then check the meter for their voltage. This
voltmeter circuit can take measurements up to 4V,
so it can also be used to measure the voltage of
D and C batteries.
Caution : Follow the diagram for block placement exactly when you do this experiment. If you
do not, the bIocks may be damaged. Check to see that the four 1.5 volt batteries
are in place before you begin.
- 132-
No.125 Measurement of Fixed-Bias Base Current

+ A OUT
10K
10K
- OUT
You have already Iearned that transistors do not

work if a voltage is not applied to their base. In this
experiment you will test how transistors work by using
the meter.
power switch. Turn the volume control dial all the way to
the right and the lamp will go on. This is because a
voltage has been applied to the base of the transistor.
Now turn the dial slowly to the left and the lamp wiII
grow dimmer.
This test shows that the voltage entering the base of the
transistor determines the current that flows to the
collector. The circuit has a meter between the base and
the power source so that you can see how much current
is needed to flow to the base to light the lamp.
before you begin.
-133-
No.126 Measurement of Fixed-Bias CoIIector Current

+ A OUT
10K
40mA
10K
- OUT
After doing the experiment on the preceding page,

you should have a general idea of how a current flows
to the base of a transistor. Now you will do an
experiment to see how a current flows to the collector
by measuring the collector current.
iIIustrated at Ieft. Turn on the power switch and
continue as Experiment No. l25, noting the volume
control position and the brightness of the lamp. If you
make graphs of the base current tested in the preceding
experiment and the collector current in this experiment,it
will be interesting.
before you begin.
- 134-
No.127 Measurement of Collector Current in Audio Ampl

+ A OUT
4.7K
1M
560K
AMP
4.7K
+
10
10K
0.1
- OUT
In this experiment you will take measurements of

the collector current in a circuit that controls the
loudspeaker by the slight change in the current of a
earphone. Arrange the blocks and connect the earphone
as iIIustrated at Ieft. Turn on the main switch and speak
into the earphone. You will see the meter pointer swing,
indicating that there is current flowing through the
meter. The pointer swings as the voice changes. This
experiment may not produce a highly accurate value of
the current amplification of the amplifier circuit.
Black Wire
Red Wire
-135-
No.128 Measurement of Emitter Current in Audio Amplifie

+ A OUT
4.7K
560K
1M
47
(4 mA )
AMP
10
10K
0.1
- OUT
+
When we measure the emitter current in the audio

amplifier circuit, we will find the emitter current is almost
the same as the collector current. When the current
flows through a NPN transistor base, because the
transistor will amplify the current, the collector will have
times current. Base current and collector current will
flow toward emitter, so I E= I B + I C. Because l B current is
very small, I E is almost identical to I C.
Black Wire
Red Wire
- 136-
No.129 Sound-Level Meter

+ A OUT
4.7K
80K
(40V)
1M
0.05
AMP
10
0.1
10K
- OUT
+
Have you seen the sound-level meter in a tape

recorder or a stereo set? The meter pointer swings
when a voice comes out of the speaker. The higher the
sound Ievel is, the greater the deflection of the meter
pointer becomes.
This meter is necessary for recording sounds on a tape
at a constant Ievel. Watch the meter in this experiment
to see the changes in the audio signal of your voice.
Arrange the blocks and connect the microphone as
iIIustrated at left. Turn on the power switch. Speak into
the microphone and you will see the meter pointer swing
in proportion to the Ioudness of your voice.
Black Wire
Red Wire
-137-
No.130 Properties of Diode

+ A OUT
40mA
- OUT
By now you would have a good understanding of

the properties and functions of the diode. In this
experiment, Iet's test the diode using a meter.
Arrange the blocks as iIIustrated at left. Before turning
on the main switch, try to figure out whether the lamp
wiII go on when you do so. Now turn on the power
switch. The lamp has lighted. This is because the
6V
power delivered from +A OUT enters the diods via the
lamp and a current flows to the -OUT of the battery.
Look at the meter to see how much current is flowing
through it. This is the current flowing to the diode.
Reverse the direction of the diode as indicated by the
arrow on the electronic board and see if the current is
still flowing. The meter pointer will not move and the
Iamp wiII not go on.
before you begin.
- 138-
Note: Be sure to turn off the switch before pullin

it breaks electronic parts (such as transistors an
diodes).
No.131 Charging and Discharging of Capacitors

+ A OUT
47
+
47
- OUT
There are many kinds of capacitors : paper,

ceramic, MYLAR and oil capacitors, for instance. Here
we will experiment with the charging and discharging of
a capacitor. Arrange the blocks as iIlustrated at left.
Connect the black and red tester rods as indicated by
the solid lines, turn on the power switch, and leave the
rods for about 2 seconds. Then change the connections
as indicated by the broken lines. You will see the meter
pointer swing forward and return to its original position,
although the circuit is not connected to the battery. This
is because the electricity stored in the capacitor was
released to flow through the circuit for a short time. This
phenomenon is called the "discharging" of the capacitor.
You would have noticed that the meter pointer also
swung when the tester rods were connected, as
indicated by the solid Iines. This phenomenon is called
the "charging" of the capacitor.
before you begin.
-139-
No.132 OsciIIation Frequencies by Meter

+ A OUT
0.05
1M
0.005
4.7K
0.1
10
10K
1K
- OUT
- 140-
In this experiment, you'Il hear the sounds of

osciIIations by a capacitor. We just experimented on the
charging and discharging of a capacitor. This time, we'II
study the relationship between osciIIation frequencies
and capacitors by using 0.005 and 0.05 capacitors.
Arrange the blocks and earphone as iIIustrated at left
and turn on the power switch. PIace the earphone in
your ear and listen to the sound of osciIIation. Next,
change the 0.005 capacitor to the 0.05 capacitor as
indicated by the arrow on the electroinc board, and you
wiII hear a different tone. This is because the osciIIation
frequency has changed.
A higher osciIIation frequency produces a higher tone
and a lower frequency a lower tone. Watch how the
meter pointer swings according to the capacitance of
the capacitor.
No.133 Electric Current Flowing
in Pure and Salt Wat

+ A OUT
0.4A
- OUT
Pure water scarcely allows the passage of electric

current, but water mixed with some substances is a
much better conductor. When you use this phenomenon,
you can easily determine how pure water is by passing
an electric current through it. Arrange the blocks and
connect the tester rods as iIIustrated at left. Put the
tester rods into a glass of tap water and turn on the
power switch. The meter pointer will move slightly. Next,
add some sugar to the water and measure the current
flowing in the circuit. You will find substantial differences
in the electrical conductivity of tap water and sugar
water.
Now repeat the experiment, adding salt to the tap water.
Again, you will find a difference in conductivity.
-141-
No.134 Meter-type Lie Detector

+ A OUT
40V
4mA
- OUT
The electrical resistance of our skin changes when

we perspire. As in earlier experiments, this phenomenon
can be utilized for electronicaIIy finding whether a
person is telling a Iie. For this experiment, you wiII add
the meter to your Iie detector device.
Arrange the blocks and connect the black and red tester
rods as illustrated at Ieft. Have your friend hold the rods,
one in each hand, and ask him or her questions while
watching the movement of the meter pointer. Note that
the pointer swings differently according to the condition
of the skin; that is, according to how moist it is.
before you begin.
- 142-
Ask your friend to grasp them so that

the pointer comes around 1.5.
No.135 2K
Range Ohmmeter
1K
+ A OUT
4.7
(40mA)
10K
- OUT
4mA (47
In addition to current and voltage, resistance also

can be measured by testers. This type of circuit is
useful once you learn how to operate it. Arrange the
blocks and black and red tester rods as illustrated at
Ieft. With the volume control dial turned all the way to
the right, turn on the power switch. With the ends of the
two tester rods touching each other, slowly turn the
volume control dial to the left until the meter pointer
comes to 0. Now you can measure an electrical
resistance of up to 2K . Test this ohmmeter by
measuring 1K Resistance first. Use the 1K block, as
shown on the electronic board.
The meter, iIIustrated below, wiII read differently when
you change the block to 1/10, 1/1OO, 1/2, and 1/200,
according to the ranges you wish to test.
before you begin.
-143-
No.136 20K
Range Ohmmeter
10K
+ A OUT
47
(4mA)
10K
- OUT
1K
We use different kinds of scales to weigh different

kind of things. A bathroom scale, for example, is not the
same as a grocery scale. It is also necessary to use
different kinds of meters for measuring different
electrical resistances. Now let's build a 20K ohmmeter,
which is different from the 2K ohmmeter in Experiment
No. 135.
Arrange the blocks as illustrated at left and continue as
you did on the preceding page. Test the circuit by
measuring a 10K resistance.
The meter, illustrated below, wiII read differently when
you change the block to 1/10, 1/l00, 1/2, or 1/2000,
before you begin.
- 144-
No.137 200K
Range Ohmmeter
40V
(200K)
+ A OUT
- OUT
10K
10K
We will build one more ohmmeter. This one can

take measurements of up to 200K.
Arrange the blocks as illustrated at left. Continue as for
Experiment No. l35. This time, measure a 40V
resistance. This block has an 82K resistor in it.
The meter, illustrated below, will read differently when
you change the block to 1/10 , 1/100 , 1/2, and 1/20,
before you begin.
-145-
No.138 Diode Tester

+ A OUT
4.7
(40mA)
1K
10K
- OUT
You have so far Iearned various basic methods of

electrical measurement using a meter. Now you will
study the practical applications of the knowledge you
have gained. First you will do an experiment with a
diode tester using the rectifying function of the diode.
Other related experiments wiII foIIow.
Arrange the blocks as iIIustrated at left. Turn on the
power switch; the meter pointer does not move. invert
the diodes as shown by the arrow in the illustration. This
time the meter pointer swings to indicate that a current
is flowing through the diode. When the meter pointer
shifts to this extent, the diode works well.
If the meter reads about 0.5,

the quality is good.
before you begin.
- 146-
No.139 Transistor Tester

+ A OUT
+
4mA
560K
1K
- OUT
This experiment tests two transistors in one circuit

alternately. You wiII check them one by one to see if
they are working properly.
power switch. If the meter pointer swings when the
power switch is turned on, there is nothing wrong with
the first transistor.
Now replace the first transistor with the second one, as
indicated by the arrow on the electronic board. What
does the meter tell you this time?
If the meter reads about 1.5,

the quality is good.
before you begin.
-147-
No.140 Meter-type Illuminometer

+ A OUT
40mA
- OUT
Now you will experiment with a meter-type

iIIuminometer. The intensity of iIIumination is measured
in units called "luxes". With the circuit you are now
going to build, you cannot obtain an exact reading of
illumination in luxes. You wiII, however, be able to take
approximate measurements by reading the meter.
power switch. Take measurements of light intensity in
various places under different lighting conditions. You
can do so because CdS ceII
is in this circuit. Use
this cell in weII-illuminated places. Replace it with
in
dimmer places, at the point indicated by the arrow on
the electronic board.
before you begin.
- 148-
No.141 Meter-type Sound-Volume Indicator

+ A OUT
10K
10K
1M
0.05
4.7K
47
1K
0.1
560
(0.4V)
- OUT
4.7K
Have you ever heard of the words digital and

analog? You may have heard the first word in
terms Iike digital computers, and digital clocks and
watches. The "digital" means that the device measures
values in digits, or numbers, 0 through 9. The "analog" is
used for such devices as ordinary clocks and watches,
slide rules and the Iike. The meter used for this set of
electronic blocks is analog. Both systems have their
merits and demerits.
Arrange the blocks and connect the microphone as
iIIustrated. Turn on the power switch and speak into the
microphone. The sound volume of your voice will be
indicated on the meter.
Black Wire
Red Wire
-149-
No.142 Noise-Level Meter

+ A OUT
10K
10K
560K
10
560
(0.4V)
1K
- OUT
Have you ever heard of or read about "decibels" in

relation to the noise pollution that is much talked about
these days? There are units in which the level of noise is
measured. Now let's experiment with a noise level meter
circuit using two transistors. Various sounds reach the
human ears but the sounds audible to the ear are within
a range of frequencies from about 16 cycles to 20,000
cycles and the sound frequencies exceeding 20,000
cycles or below 16 cycles are inaudible to the human
ear. An inaudible sound over 20,000 will cause a pain to
our ears. It would be fun to measure the noise level in
your neighborhood.
+
Black Wire
Red Wire
- 150-
No. 143 Flip-FIop Circuit with Two Lamps

+ A OUT
10K
10K
47
+
4.7K
4.7K
- OUT
This is a circuit that uses two tamps to test two

transistors which works as memories. It is the same
type of circuit found in electronic calculators. When a
calculator key is depressed once, the circuit memorizes
the instruction until a calculation is finished. You will
now set the circuit for this experiment to memorize two
instructions.
power switch. Connect the white tester rod as indicated
by the solid line and one lamp will go on and stay on
after the tester rod is disconnected. Now connect the
tester rod as indicated by the broken line. The other
lamp will glow and stay on in a similar way.
before you begin.
-151-
No.144 Two Lamps Alternating On and Off

+ A OUT
10K
10K
10
4.7K
10
+
+
- OUT
Now we will experiment with an interesting circuit

using two Iamps that alternately go on and off like a
railway crossing warning signaI. Arrange the blocks as
illustrated at left. Turn on the power switch and the two
lamps will alternately go on and off.
before you begin.
- 152-
No. 145 Field Strength Meter

Antenna
+ A OUT
1K
10K
5K
4.7K
1M
1M
4mH
0.1
100P
0.05
0.05
0.01
- OUT
4.7K
Now let's build a circuit for measuring the strength

of an electric field by reading the strength of radio
waves on the meter. This device will be useful in
checking to see if an antenna is correctly positioned.
Arrange the blocks and connect the earphone as
illustrated at left. PIace the earphone in your ear and
turn on the power switch. Change the position of the
antenna. The meter pointer will swing toward 0 as an
electric field get stronger. You will be able to hear the
sound changing with the field strength, along with a
high-pitched note, which is a Iittle osciIIation that this
circuit produces.
Now point your radio or TV antenna in the direction
where it wiII work with the greatest efficiency; that is,
where the greatest field strength Iies.
<Regarding the meter>
When the meter reads 4, the electric field is
most feeble and gets stronger as it comes near to 0.
Regard 4 as the lowest scale and
0 as the highest one.
-153-
No. 146 Series-connected Lamps

+ A OUT
- OUT
We have previously experimented with seriesconnected and parallel-connected batteries. Now we

are going to do two experiments with seriesconnected and parallel-connected lamps.
Arrange the blocks as illustrated at left. Turn on
the power switch and the lamps wiII go on.
In this experiment, the lambs are connected in
series. They glow but not so brightly as in the
case of the paraIIeI-connected lamps in the next
experiment.
-154-
No. 147
ParaIIeI-connected Lamps
+ A OUT
- OUT
This is an experiment with paraIIeI-connected

lamps. Arrange the blocks as illustrated at left and
turn on the power switch. The Iamps will glow
brightly.
There are various ways of making connections for
simple circuits like the ones you built in this and
the previous experiment. Repeat them until you
have a clear understanding of electrical wiring
connections.
-155-
No.148 Meter-type Hygrometer

+ A OUT
+
10K
1M
10K
1K
10
- OUT
+
5mm
5cm
- 156-
3cm
Do you know what a hygrometer is? It is a device

that measures humidity. Let's make an
electronic hygrometer that will indicate the humidity level
on the meter.
First, dissolve two spoonfuls of salt in a glass of water.
Dip a piece of drawing paper (about 3cm x 5cm) in the
water saturated with salt and place the paper where it
can dry. When it is dry, arrange the blocks and connect
the 60cm cords as illustrated at left. Fasten the ends of
the cords to the paper with paper clips, as iIIustrated.
Turn on the power switch and spray water on the paper.
Then you will see the meter pointer move, measuring
the water content of the paper. Spray on more water
and see it move again.
If possible, now Iocate a nonelectrical hygrometer. Make
a scale for the electrical one by comparing them.
No.149
Meter-type Transparency Indicator

+ A OUT
4.7
(40mA)
10K
4.7K
47
(4mA)
4.7K
Light
1K
10
- OUT
You have already learned that the CdS cell changes

its electrical resistance according to the intensity of Iight
falling on it. Here we wiII build a circuit using the CdS
cell for measuring the transparency of water and some
other substances.You will need a flashlight for this
experiment.
Arrange the blocks as iIIustrated at left. Position the kit
upright. Place a glass of water in front of the CdS cell
and shine the flashlight on the cell through the water.
Watch the movement of the meter pointer.
Similar tests now should be made with substances such
as window glass and plastics.
before you begin.
-157-
No.150 Finger Pulse Detector

+ A OUT
10K
4.7K
1M
560K
10K
+
4.7K
Light
10
- OUT
A finger pulse detector measures the pulse of

blood. Now we will build a circuit for this useful device.
You will need a flashlight for this experiment.
power switch. Lightly put your finger on the CdS cell
and shine a flashlight on it from above. You wiII see the
meter pointer swing slightly with your pulse.
before you begin.
- 158-
HEX-150 PARTS LISTH

PATRTS
1
2
3
BLOCKS
PATRTS
STANDARDS
NUMBER
the
equivalent of
2SC372Y
11
the equivalent
of 2SC945Q
12
LAMP
the equivalent
of 1S426
13
LEAD
14
LEAD
STR-E
the
equivalent of
1S426
RESISTOR
1/4W
15
TRANSFORMER
TANSISTOR
STR-E
TANSISTOR
STR-C
GERMANIUM DIODE
SD-X
STR-E
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
GERMANIUM DIODE
SD-V
SRT-1M
RESISTOR
SRT-560K
RESISTOR
SRT-10K
RESISTOR
SRX-10K
RESISTOR
SRT-4.7K
RESISTOR
SRX-4.7K
1K
1/4W
560K
1/4W
10K
17
18
1/4W
10K
1/4W
4.7K
16
19
1/4W
4.7K
20
BLOCKS
STANDARDS
RESISTOR
1/4W
SRT-1K
1K
LAMP
NUMBER
ST-LP
2
S-I'
2
S-L'
8K : 3K
SCT-100P
50V
100PF
CAPACITOR
50V
SCZ-0.005
0.005F
CAPACITOR
50V
SCZ-0.01
0.01F
CAPACITOR
50V
SCI'-0.05
0.05F
CAPACITOR
50V
SCX-0.05
0.05F
S2P-T
CAPACITOR
- 159-
HEX-150 PARTS LISTH

PATRTS
BLOCKS
STANDARDS
CAPACITOR
50V
SCZ-0.1
0.1F
22
CAPACITOR
SCX-10
10V
23
CAPACITOR
SCX-47
10V
21
24
25
26
27
28
COIL(CHOKE)
SLX-4
RT-0.4V
33
RT-4V
34
RT-40V
35
SWITCHES
36
EARPHONE
37
ANTENNA
38
CLIP
39
60cm CORD
40
TESTER ROD
41
MICROPHONE
S-I
RESISTOR
1M
SRX-1M-5K
5K
1/2W
NUMBER
32
S-T
LEAD
STANDARDS
RT-0.4A
47F
LEAD
BLOCKS
31
10F
4mH
PATRTS
NUMBER
0.5
1/4W
560
1/4W
8K
1/4W
80K
5m
S-L
1/4W
29
RT-4mA
5K
S-TCD
1/4W
30
- 160-
RT-40mA
4.7
* Beyond that, there is a ENAMEL CODE for extension.

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OWNERS MANUAL

150-In-One Block Type Electronic Experiment

Please read before using this equipment

* * * Please be sure to read the following before beginning the experiment. * * *

Morse Code Practice Circuit (Earphone Type)

How to Install and Use the Batteries

Electronic SymboIs and Functions

Electronic SymboIs and Functions

Water-LeveI Warning Device

Simple Water Quality Indicator

Electronic Circuit and Current

Direction of Current and Rectification (1)

Direction of Current and Rectification (2)

Lie Detector (Earphone Type)

Transistors and Vacuum Tubes

Electronic Siren (Earphone Type)

Diode Detector Radio

Series Connection Dry Batteries

Diode Detector 1-Transistor Radio

Parallel Connection Dry Batteries

1-Transistor Detector Radio

Morse Code Practice Circuit by Light (Lamp Type)

1-Transistor Reflex Radio

Grounded Morse Code Transmitter

1-Transistor Wireless Microphone

Marconi's Spark Telegraph

Circuit Disconnection Warning Device (Earphone Type)

Radio Telegraph (A 1 Wave)

EIectronic Sleeping Aid (Earphone Type)

1-Diode Detector + IC Amplifier Radio (Fixed Bias)

1-Diode Detector + IC Amplifier Radio (Self-bias)

1-Transistor High- Frequency Amplifier + IC Amplifier Radio

Lamp-type Circuit Disconnection Warning Device

Conductors and Nonconductors (lnsulator)

Current Amplification Function of Transistors

Switching Function of Transistors

Diode Detection 1-Transistor Radio (Transformer Type)

1-Transistor High- Frequency Amplifier + IC Amplifier Radio

1-Transistor Detector + IC Amplifier Radio

1-Transistor + IC Amplifier Reflex Radio (Resistive Load)

1-Transistor Wireless Microphone

1-Transistor + IC Amplifier Reflex Radio

Electronic Bird (Transformer Type)

Electronic Metronome (Earphone Type)

Self-bias 1-Transistor + IC Amplifier (Resistive Load)

Fixed-bias1-Transistor + IC Amplifier (Resistive Load)

Wireless Water Shortage Warning Device

Fixed-bias 1-Transistor + IC Amplifier (Transformer Load)

1-Transistor + IC Amplifier Signal Tracer

Basic Circuit of Photophone

Continuity Tester (Speaker Type)

Basic Circuit of Electronic Timer

Morse Code Practice Circuit (Speaker Type)

Sound and Light Disconnected Circuit Warning Device

Grounded Morse Telegraph (With Monitor)

Unstable Multiple Circuit

1-Transistor + IC Disconnected Circuit Warning Device

Flip-Flop Multiple Circuit

1-Transistor + IC Water-Level Warning Device