VBScript

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

VBScript (Visual Basic Scripting Edition) is an Active Scripting language developed

by Microsoft that is modeled on Visual Basic. It is designed as a "lightweight" language with a
fast interpreter for use in a wide variety of Microsoft environments. VBScript uses the Component
Object Model to access elements of the environment within which it is running; for example, the
FileSystemObject (FSO) is used to create, read, update and delete files.
VBScript has been installed by default in every desktop release of Microsoft
Windows since Windows 98;[1] in Windows Server sinceWindows NT 4.0 Option Pack;[2] and
optionally with Windows CE (depending on the device it is installed on).
A VBScript script must be executed within a host environment, of which there are several
provided with Microsoft Windows, including: Windows Script Host (WSH), Internet Explorer (IE),
and Internet Information Services (IIS).[3] Additionally, the VBScript hosting environment is
embeddable in other programs, through technologies such as the Microsoft Script Control
(msscript.ocx).

Uses[edit]
Although VBScript is a general-purpose scripting language, several particular areas of use are noteworthy.
First, it is widely used among system administrators in the Microsoft environment. [10] This situation may
change with the promotion and increased use of Windows PowerShell. Second, VBScript is the scripting
language for Quick Test Professional, a test automation tool.[11] A third area to note is the adoption of
VBScript as the internal scripting language for some embedded applications, such as industrial operator
interfaces and human machine interfaces. The hierarchical DBMS InterSystems Cach (which has its roots
in the language MUMPS) also supports an implementation of VBScript, Cache BASIC, for programming
stored code.[12][citation needed]
VBScript omits several useful features of the full Visual Basic, such as strong typing, extended error
trapping and the ability to pass a variable number of parameters to a subroutine. However, its use is
relatively widespread because it is easy to learn and because those who implement code in the language
need not pay royalties to Microsoft as long as the VBScript trade mark is acknowledged. [citation needed] When an
organization licenses Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) from Microsoft, as companies such as Autodesk,
StatSoft, Great Plains Accounting and Visio (subsequently acquired by Microsoft) have done, it is allowed
to redistribute the full VBA code-writing and debugging environment with its product.
VBScript is used in place of VBA as the macro language of Outlook 97.
VBScript can be effectively used for automating day to day office tasks as well as monitoring in the
Windows based environment. It's a first choice tool for server administrators, MS Office users and other
tech contributors. It can also be used in collaboration with ADODB ActiveX Data Objects (ADODB) for
effective database connectivity.

Dart (programming language)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Dart

Paradigm

Object-oriented and class-based

Designed by

Lars Bak and Kasper Lund

Developer

Google

First appeared

November 14, 2013; 19 months ago[1]

Stable release

1.11.1 / July 2, 2015; 5 days ago

Typing discipline

Optional

License

BSD license

Filename extensions

.dart

Website

www.dartlang.org
Major implementations
Dart VM and Fletch
Influenced by
JavaScript, Smalltalk, Erlang, Strongtalk,
andC#[2]

Dart is an open-source Web programming language developed by Google. It was unveiled at the
GOTO conference in Aarhus, Denmark, October 1012, 2011.[3] In order to run in
mainstream browsers, Dart relies on a source-to-source compiler to JavaScript. According to the
project site, Dart was "designed to be easy to write development tools for, well-suited to modern
app development, and capable of high-performance implementations." [4]
Dart is a class-based, single-inheritance, object-oriented language with C-style syntax. It
supports interfaces, abstract classes,reified generics, and optional typing. Static annotations do
not affect the runtime semantics of the code. Instead, the type annotations can provide
documentation for tools like static checkers and dynamic runtime checks.
Dart programs run in one of two modes. In "checked mode", which is not the default mode and must be
turned on, dynamic type assertions are enabled. These type assertions can turn on if static types are
provided in the code, and can catch some errors when types do not match. For example, if a method is
annotated to return a String, but instead returns an integer, the dynamic type assertion will catch this and
throw an exception. Running in "checked mode" is recommended for development and testing.
Dart programs run by default in "production mode", which runs with all dynamic type assertions turned off.

Linoleum (programming language)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's general notability guideline. Please help to
establish notability by addingreliable, secondary sources about the topic. If notability cannot be
established, the article is likely to be merged, redirected, ordeleted.
Find sources: "Linoleum (programming language)" news newspapers books scholar JSTOR free images (October 2010)

Linoleum

Paradigm

Procedural

Designed by

Alessandro Ghignola

Developer

Alessandro Ghignola

First appeared

1996; 19 years ago[verification needed]

Stable release

2.00 / 2010; 5 years ago

Typing discipline

weak, dynamic

OS

Windows, Linux (alpha)

License

WTOF (Lino v1.13), LGPL (Lino v1.2), (Lino v2.00,

most parts of this software are licensed under the
GNU LGPL version 2.1 or later)

Website

www.anywherebb.com
Major implementations
Windows, Linux (alpha)
Dialects
none

The L.in.oleum (often called Linoleum or simply Lino) is an unstructured,

untyped, procedural programming language and across-platform assembler developed
by Italian programmer Alessandro Ghignola beginning in 2001. The initials stand forLowlevel INterfaced OverLanguage for Extremely Universal Machine-coding. The L.in.oleum
programming language (hereafter referred to as Lino) is easier to learn than assembly
languages. The Lino assembler is designed to assemble executable code for different central
processing units (CPU) without needing changes to the source code.

Mercury (programming language)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

For Mercury Autocode, see Autocode.

Not to be confused with Mercurial.
Mercury

Paradigm

Logic, functional, object-oriented

Designed by

Zoltan Somogyi

Developer

University of Melbourne

First appeared

1995

Stable release

14.01.1 / September 8, 2014

Typing discipline

Strong, static, polymorphic

OS

Cross-platform (Unix, Mac OS X,Windows)

License

GPL for compiler, LGPL for standard library

Filename extensions

.m

Website

www.mercurylang.org

Major implementations
Melbourne Mercury Compiler
Influenced by
Prolog, Hope, Haskell

Mercury is a functional logic programming language geared towards real-world applications. It

was initially developed at the University Of Melbourne Computer Science department under the
supervision of Zoltan Somogyi. The first version was developed by Fergus Henderson, Thomas
Conway and Zoltan Somogyi and was released on April 8, 1995.
Mercury is a purely declarative logic language. It is related to both Prolog and Haskell.[1] It
features a strong, static, polymorphic type system, as well as a strong mode and determinism
system.
The official implementation, the Melbourne Mercury Compiler, is available for
most Unix platforms, including Mac OS X, as well as for Microsoft Windows.

Python (programming language)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Python

Paradigm

multi-paradigm: object-oriented, imperative,functional,

procedural,reflective

Designed by

Guido van Rossum

Developer

Python Software Foundation

First appeared

1991; 24 years ago

Stable release

3.4.3 /
25 February 2015[1]
2.7.10 /
23 May 2015[2]

Preview release

3.5.0b2 /
31 May 2015[3]

Typing
discipline

duck, dynamic, strong,gradual (as of Python 3.5)[4]

OS

Cross-platform

License

Python Software Foundation License

Filename
extensions

.py, .pyc, .pyd, .pyo, .pyw

Website

www.python.org

Python Programming at Wikibooks

Python is a widely used general-purpose, high-level programming language.[19][20][21] Its design

philosophy emphasizes codereadability, and its syntax allows programmers to express concepts
in fewer lines of code than would be possible in languages such as C++ or Java.[22][23] The
language provides constructs intended to enable clear programs on both a small and large scale.
[24]

Python supports multiple programming paradigms, including objectoriented, imperative and functional programming or proceduralstyles. It features a dynamic
type system and automatic memory management and has a large and comprehensive standard
library.[25]
Python interpreters are available for installation on many operating systems, allowing Python
code execution on a wide variety of systems. Using third-party tools, such as Py2exe or
Pyinstaller,[26] Python code can be packaged into stand-alone executable programs for some of
the most popular operating systems, allowing for the distribution of Python-based software for
use on those environments without requiring the installation of a Python interpreter.
CPython, the reference implementation of Python, is free and open-source software and has a
community-based development model, as do nearly all of its alternative implementations.
CPython is managed by the non-profit Python Software Foundation.

F Sharp (programming language)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The correct title of this article is F# (programming language). The substitution or omission of
the # is because of technical restrictions.
F#

Paradigm

multi-paradigm: functional,imperative, objectoriented,metaprogramming,concurrent

Designed by

Microsoft Research, Don Syme

Developer

Microsoft, The F# Software Foundation

First appeared

2005 (version 1.0)

Stable release

3.1.1[1] / January 24, 2014

Typing
discipline

static, strong, inferred

OS

Cross-platform (.NET Framework, Mono,JavaScript)

License

Apache license

Website

fsharp.org
Influenced by
ML, OCaml, C#, Python, Haskell,[2] Scala,Erlang
Influenced
F*, LiveScript, C#[3]

F Sharp Programming at Wikibooks

The correct title of this article is F# (programming language). The substitution or omission of the # is
because of technical restrictions.
F# (pronounced eff sharp) is a strongly typed, multi-paradigm programming language that
encompasses functional, imperative, and object-oriented programming techniques. F# is most often used
as a cross-platform CLI language, but can also be used to generate JavaScript[4] and GPU[5] code.
F# is developed by the F# Software Foundation,[6] Microsoft and open contributors. An open source, crossplatform compiler for F# is available from the F# Software Foundation. [7] F# is also a fully supported
language in Visual Studio[8] and Xamarin Studio.[9]Other tools supporting F# development
include Mono, MonoDevelop, SharpDevelop and WebSharper.[10]
F# originated from ML and has been influenced by OCaml, C#, Python, Haskell,[2] Scala and Erlang.

Groovy (programming language)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Groovy

Paradigm

Object-oriented, imperative,scripting

Designed by

James Strachan

Developer

Guillaume Laforge (PMC Chair)

Jochen Theodorou (Tech Lead)
Paul King
Cedric Champeau

First appeared

2003; 12 years ago

Stable release

2.4.3 / March 23, 2015; 3 months ago[1]

Typing discipline

Dynamic, Static, Strong,Duck

Platform

Java Virtual Machine

OS

Cross-platform

License

Apache License v2.0

Website

groovy-lang.org
Influenced by
Java, Python, Ruby, Perl, Smalltalk,Objective-C
Influenced
Kotlin

Groovy is an object-oriented programming language for the Java platform. It is a dynamic

language with features similar to those ofPython, Ruby, Perl, and Smalltalk. It can be used as
a scripting language for the Java Platform, is dynamically compiled to Java Virtual
Machine (JVM) bytecode, and interoperates with other Java code and libraries. Groovy uses a
Java-like curly-bracket syntax. Most Java code is also syntactically valid Groovy, although
semantics may be different.
Groovy 1.0 was released on January 2, 2007, and Groovy 2.0 in July, 2012. Groovy 3.0 is
planned for release in late 2015, with support for a new Meta Object Protocol. [2] Since version 2,
Groovy can also be compiled statically, offering type inference and performance very close to
that of Java.[3][4] Groovy 2.4 was the last major release under Pivotal Software's sponsorship which
ended in March 2015.[5]