Routing Technique

Basic Router Configuration
This module provides configuration procedures for Cisco 3900 series, Cisco 2900 series, and Cisco 1900
series integrated services routers (ISRs). It also includes configuration examples and verification steps
whenever possible.
Note
See Appendix A, Cisco IOS CLI for Initial Configuration for information on how to perform the initial
configuration using the Cisco Internet Operating System (IOS) command line interface on Cisco 3900
series, Cisco 2900 series, and Cisco 1900 series integrated services routers.
Basic Configuration
Default Configuration, page 14
Configuring Global Parameters, page 15
Interface Configuration
Interface Ports, page 17
Configuring Gigabit Ethernet Interfaces, page 18
Configuring Wireless LAN Interfaces, page 19
Configuring Interface Card and Module Interfaces, page 19
Configuring a Loopback Interface, page 19
Routing Configuration
Configuring Command-Line Access, page 21
Configuring Static Routes, page 23
Configuring Dynamic Routes, page 25
Cisco 3900 Series, Cisco 2900 Series, and Cisco 1900 Series Integrated Services Routers Generation 2 Software Configuration Guide
13
Chapter
Default Configuration
Default Configuration
When you boot up your Cisco router for the first time, you notice some basic configuration has already
been performed. Use the show running-config command to view the initial configuration, as shown in
the following example.
Router# show running-config
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 723 bytes
!
version 12.4
no service pad
service timestamps debug datetime msec
service timestamps log datetime msec
no service password-encryption
!
hostname Router
!
boot-start-marker
boot-end-marker
!
logging message-counter syslog
!
no aaa new-model
!
no ipv6 cef
ip source-route
ip cef
!
!
!
!
multilink bundle-name authenticated
!
!
archive
log config
hidekeys
!
!
!
!
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/0
no ip address
shutdown
duplex auto
speed auto
!
no ip address
shutdown
duplex auto
speed auto
!
no ip address
shutdown
duplex auto
speed auto
!
ip forward-protocol nd
14
Chapter

Configuring Global Parameters
!
no ip http server
!
!
!
!
!
control-plane
!
!
line con 0
line aux 0
line vty 0 3
login
!
exception data-corruption buffer truncate
scheduler allocate 20000 1000
end
Configuring Global Parameters

To configure the global parameters for your router, follow these steps.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
configure terminal
2.
hostname name
3.
enable secret password
4.
no ip domain-lookup
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Command
Purpose
configure terminal
Enters global configuration mode, when using the

console port.
Example:
Use the following to connect to the router with a

remote terminal:
Router> enable
Router# configure terminal
Router(config)#
Step 2
hostname name
telnet router name or address

Login: login id
Password: *********
Router> enable
Specifies the name for the router.
Example:
Router(config)# hostname Router
Router(config)#
15
Chapter
Configuring I/O Memory Allocation
Step 3
Command
Purpose
enable secret password
Specifies an encrypted password to prevent

unauthorized access to the router.
Example:
Router(config)# enable secret cr1ny5ho
Router(config)#
Step 4
no ip domain-lookup
Disables the router from translating unfamiliar

words (typos) into IP addresses.
Example:
Router(config)# no ip domain-lookup
Router(config)#
For complete information on global parameter commands, see the Cisco IOS Release configuration
guide documentation set.
Configuring I/O Memory Allocation

To reallocate the percentage of DRAM in use for I/O memory and processor memory on Cisco 3925E
and Cisco 3945E routers, use the memory-size iomem i/o-memory-percentage command in global
configuration mode. To revert to the default memory allocation, use the no form of this command. This
procedure enables smartinit.
Tip
Syntax
Description
i/o-memory-percentage
The percentage of DRAM allocated to I/O memory. The values permitted

are 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, and 50. A minimum of 201 MB of memory is
required for I/O memory.
We recommend that you configure the memory-size iomem below 25%. Any value above 25% should be
used only for enhancing IPSec performance.
When you specify the percentage of I/O memory in the command line, the processor memory
automatically acquires the remaining percentage of DRAM memory.
Example
The following example allocates 25% of the DRAM memory to I/O memory and the remaining 75% to
processor memory:
Router#config t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)# memory-size iomem 5
IO memory size too small: minimum IO memory size is 201M
Router(config)#
Router(config)# memory-size iomem ?
<5-50> percentage of DRAM to use for I/O memory: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50
Router(config)# memory-size iomem 25
Smart-init will be disabled and new I/O memory size will take effect upon reload.
Router(config)# end
16
Chapter

Interface Ports
Verifying IOMEM Setting

Router# show run
Current configuration : 6590 bytes
!
! Last configuration change at 16:48:41 UTC Tue Feb 23 2010 !
version 15.1
service timestamps debug datetime msec
service timestamps log datetime msec
no service password-encryption
service internal
!
hostname Router1
!
!
no aaa new-model
!
memory-size iomem 25
!
Interface Ports
Table 1 lists the interfaces that are supported on Cisco 3900 series, Cisco 2900 series, and Cisco 1900
series integrated services routers.
Table 1
Interfaces by Cisco Router
Slots, Ports, Logical

Interface, Interfaces
1941
29011
Onboard WLAN
Wlan-ap0
not supported
not supported
not supported
not supported
Onboard WLAN GE
connection to MGF2
Wlan-Gi0/0
not supported
not supported
not supported
not supported
Onboard ISM GE
service-module service-moduleinterface on the PCIe -name-ISM 0/0 name-ISM 0/0
service-modulename-ISM 0/0
not supported
Onboard ISM GE
connection to MGF
service-module service-module-name-ISM 0/1 name-ISM 0/1
not supported
USB
usbflash0,
usbflash1
usbflash0,
usbflash1
usbflash0,
usbflash1
usbflash0,
usbflash1
usbtoken0,
usbtoken1
usbtoken0,
usbtoken1
usbtoken0,
usbtoken1
usbtoken0,
usbtoken1
Interfaces on HWIC
and VWIC
interface0/0/
port
interface0/1/
port
interface0/0/port
interface0/1/port
interface0/2/port
interface 0/3/port
interface0/0/port
interface0/1/port
interface0/2/port
interface 0/3/port
interface0/0/port
interface0/1/port
interface0/2/port
interface 0/3/port
<int>0/0/<port>
<int>0/1/<port>
<int>0/2/<port>
Interfaces on Double
Wide-HWIC
interface0/1
port
interface0/1/port
interface0/1/port
interface0/1/port
<int>0/1/<port>
interface0/3/port
interface0/3/port
interface0/3/port
interface1/port
interface1-2/port3
interface1-4/port4
not supported
Gi0/0,Gi0/1,GI0/2
3925E & 3945E
Gi0/0,Gi0/1
not supported
Gi0/0,Gi0/1,GI0/2
2951 & 3925 & 3945
Onboard GE ports
Interfaces on SM
Gi0/0,Gi0/1
2911 & 2921
Gi0/0,Gi0/1,GI0/2,
GI0/3
usbflash0, usbflash1
usbtoken0,
usbtoken1
interface1-2/port
interface1-4/port
17
Chapter
Configuring Gigabit Ethernet Interfaces
Table 1
Interfaces by Cisco Router (continued)
Slots, Ports, Logical

Interface, Interfaces
29011
1941
2911 & 2921
2951 & 3925 & 3945

5
Interfaces on Double
Wide-SM
not supported
not supported
not supported
Interfaces HWIC on
SM
not supported
not supported
interface1wic-slot/ interface1-2/wicport
slot/port7
Interfaces VWIC on
SM
interface 2/port
interface4/port6
interface1-4/wicslot/port8
3925E & 3945E

interface 2/port
interface 4/port
interface1-2/wicslot/port
interface1-4/wicslot/port
1. On the Cisco 2901 router, the numbering format for configuring an asynchronous interface is 0/slot/port. To configure the line associated with an
asynchronous interface, simply use the interface number to specify the asynchronous line. For example, line 0/1/0 specifies the line associated with
interface serial 0/1/0 on a WIC-2A/S in slot 1. Similarly, line 0/2/1 specifies the line associated with interface async 0/2/1 on a WIC-2AM in slot 2.
2. MGF = multi-gigabit fabric
3. Applies only to Cisco 2951, Cisco 3925, and Cisco 3925E routers.
4. Applies only to Cisco 3945 and Cisco 3945E routers.
Configuring Gigabit Ethernet Interfaces

To manually define onboard Gigabit Ethernet (GE) interfaces, follow these steps, beginning in global
configuration mode.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
interface gigabitethernet slot/port
2.
ip address ip-address mask
3.
no shutdown
4.
exit
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Command
Purpose
interface gigabitethernet slot/port
Enters the configuration mode for a Gigabit

Ethernet interface on the router.
Example:
Router(config)# interface gigabitethernet 0/1
Router(config-if)#
Step 2
Sets the IP address and subnet mask for the

specified GE interface.
Example:
Router(config-if)# ip address 192.168.12.2
255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#
18
Chapter

Configuring Wireless LAN Interfaces
Step 3
Command
Purpose
no shutdown
Enables the GE interface, changing its state

from administratively down to administratively
up.
Example:
Router(config-if)# no shutdown
Router(config-if)#
Step 4
exit
Exits configuration mode for the GE interface

and returns to global configuration mode.
Example:
Router(config-if)# exit
Router(config)#
Configuring Wireless LAN Interfaces

The wireless LAN interface on the Cisco 1941W router enables connection to the router through
interface wlan-ap0. For more information about configuring a wireless connection, see the
Configuring the Wireless Device section on page 243.
Configuring Interface Card and Module Interfaces

To configure interface cards and modules inserted in internal services module (ISM), enhanced
high-speed WAN interface card (EHWIC), Ethernet WAN interface card (EWIC), and service module
(SM) slots, see the appropriate interface card or module configuration documents on Cisco.com.
Configuring a Loopback Interface

The loopback interface acts as a placeholder for the static IP address and provides default routing
information.
For complete information on the loopback commands, see the Cisco IOS Release configuration guide
documentation set.
To configure a loopback interface, follow these steps, beginning in global configuration mode.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
interface type number
2.
3.
exit
19
Chapter
Configuring a Loopback Interface
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Command
Purpose
interface type number
Enters configuration mode for the loopback

interface.
Example:
Router(config)# interface Loopback 0
Router(config-if)#
Step 2
Sets the IP address and subnet mask for the

loopback interface.
Example:
Router(config-if)# ip address 10.108.1.1
255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#
Step 3
exit
Example:
Exits configuration mode for the loopback

interface and returns to global configuration
mode.
Router(config-if)# exit
Router(config)#
Example
The loopback interface in this sample configuration is used to support Network Address Translation
(NAT) on the virtual-template interface. This configuration example shows the loopback interface
configured on the gigabit ethernet interface with an IP address of 200.200.100.1/24, which acts as a static
IP address. The loopback interface points back to virtual-template1, which has a negotiated IP address.
!
interface loopback 0
ip address 200.200.100.1 255.255.255.0 (static IP address)
ip nat outside
!
interface Virtual-Template1
ip unnumbered loopback0
no ip directed-broadcast
ip nat outside
!
Verifying Configuration
To verify that you have properly configured the loopback interface, enter the show interface loopback
command. You should see verification output similar to the following example.
Router# show interface loopback 0
Loopback0 is up, line protocol is up
Hardware is Loopback
Internet address is 200.200.100.1/24
MTU 1514 bytes, BW 8000000 Kbit, DLY 5000 usec,
reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
Encapsulation LOOPBACK, loopback not set
Last input never, output never, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Queueing strategy: fifo
Output queue 0/0, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 drops
20
Chapter

Configuring Command-Line Access
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec

5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
0 packets output, 0 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
Another way to verify the loopback interface is to ping it:

Router# ping 200.200.100.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 200.200.100.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/4 ms

To configure parameters to control access to the router, follow these steps, beginning in global
configuration mode.
Note
The TTY lines are asynchronous lines used for inbound or outbound modem and terminal connections
and can be seen in a router or access server configuration as line x. The specific line numbers are a
function of the hardware built into or installed on the router or access server. In Cisco ISR G2 series
routers, the TTY lines are incremented by 1 and start with line number3 instead of line number 2 in Cisco
ISR G1 series routers. In ISR G2 series routers, line number 2 cannot be accessed since it has been used
for the second core feature.TTY lines are not static and line numbers can be changed in future when more
features are added similar to the second core.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
line [aux | console | tty | vty] line-number
2.
password password
3.
login
4.
exec-timeout minutes [seconds]
5.
6.
password password
7.
login
8.
end
21
Chapter
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Command
Purpose
Enters line configuration mode, and specifies the

type of line.
Example:
This example specifies a console terminal for

access.
Router(config)# line console 0

Router(config-line)#
Step 2
password password
Specifies a unique password for the console

terminal line.
Example:
Router(config-line)# password 5dr4Hepw3
Step 3
login
Enables password checking at terminal session

login.
Example:
Router(config-line)# login
Step 4
exec-timeout minutes [seconds]

Example:
Router(config-line)# exec-timeout 5 30
Step 5
Sets the interval that the EXEC command

interpreter waits until user input is detected. The
default is 10 minutes. Optionally, add seconds to
the interval value.
This example shows a timeout of 5 minutes and
30 seconds. Entering a timeout of 0 0 specifies
never to time out.
Specifies a virtual terminal for remote console
access.
Example:
Router(config-line)# line vty 0 4
Step 6
password password
Specifies a unique password for the virtual

terminal line.
Example:
Router(config-line)# password aldf2ad1
Step 7
login
Enables password checking at the virtual terminal

session login.
Example:
Router(config-line)# login
Step 8
end
Exits line configuration mode, and returns to

privileged EXEC mode.
Example:
Router(config-line)# end
Router#
22
Chapter

Configuring Static Routes
Example
The following configuration shows the command-line access commands.
You do not need to input the commands marked default. These commands appear automatically in the
configuration file generated when you use the show running-config command.
!
line con 0
exec-timeout 10 0
password 4youreyesonly
login
transport input none (default)
stopbits 1 (default)
line vty 0 4
password secret
login
!

Static routes provide fixed routing paths through the network. They are manually configured on the
router. If the network topology changes, the static route must be updated with a new route. Static routes
are private routes unless they are redistributed by a routing protocol.
To configure static routes, follow these steps, beginning in global configuration mode.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
ip route prefix mask {ip-address | interface-type interface-number [ip-address]}
2.
end
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Command
Purpose
ip route prefix mask {ip-address | interface-type

interface-number [ip-address]}
Specifies the static route for the IP packets.
Example:
Router(config)# ip route 192.168.1.0
255.255.0.0 10.10.10.2
Router(config)#
Step 2
end
For details about this command and about

additional parameters that can be set, see Cisco
IOS IP Command Reference, Volume 2 of 4:
Routing Protocols, Release 12.3
Exits router configuration mode, and enters
Example:
Router(config)# end
Router#
23
Chapter
Example
In the following configuration example, the static route sends out all IP packets with a destination IP
address of 192.168.1.0 and a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 on the Gigabit Ethernet interface to another
device with an IP address of 10.10.10.2. Specifically, the packets are sent to the configured PVC.
You do not need to enter the command marked (default). This command appears automatically in the
configuration file generated when you use the show running-config command.
!
ip classless (default)
ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.10.10.2!
24
Chapter

Configuring Dynamic Routes
To verify that you have properly configured static routing, enter the show ip route command and look
for static routes signified by the S.
You should see verification output similar to the following:
Router# show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C
10.108.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
S* 0.0.0.0/0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0

In dynamic routing, the network protocol adjusts the path automatically, based on network traffic or
topology. Changes in dynamic routes are shared with other routers in the network.
The Cisco routers can use IP routing protocols, such as Routing Information Protocol (RIP) or Enhanced
Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP), to learn routes dynamically. You can configure either of
these routing protocols on your router.
Configuring Routing Information Protocol section on page 25
Configuring Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol section on page 27
Configuring Routing Information Protocol

To configure the RIP routing protocol on the router, follow these steps, beginning in global configuration
mode.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
router rip
2.
version {1 | 2}
3.
network ip-address
4.
no auto-summary
5.
end
25
Chapter
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Command
Task
router rip
Enters router configuration mode, and enables RIP

on the router.
Example:
Router> configure terminal
Router(config)# router rip
Router(config-router)#
Step 2
version {1 | 2}
Specifies use of RIP version 1 or 2.
Example:
Router(config-router)# version 2
Step 3
network ip-address
Example:
Specifies a list of networks on which RIP is to be

applied, using the address of the network of each
directly connected network.
Router(config-router)# network 192.168.1.1

Router(config-router)# network 10.10.7.1
Step 4
no auto-summary
Example:
Router(config-router)# no auto-summary
Step 5
end
Disables automatic summarization of subnet routes

into network-level routes. This allows subprefix
routing information to pass across classful network
boundaries.
Example:
Router(config-router)# end
Router#
Example
The following configuration example shows RIP version 2 enabled in IP network 10.0.0.0 and
192.168.1.0.
To see this configuration, use the show running-config command from privileged EXEC mode.
!
router rip
version 2
network 10.0.0.0
network 192.168.1.0
no auto-summary
!
26
Chapter

To verify that you have properly configured RIP, enter the show ip route command and look for RIP
routes signified by R. You should see a verification output like the example shown below.
C
R

3.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 2.2.2.1, 00:00:02, Ethernet0/0
Configuring Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol

To configure Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol GRP (EGRP), follow these steps, beginning
in global configuration mode.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
router eigrp as-number
2.
network ip-address
3.
end
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Command
Purpose
router eigrp as-number
Enters router configuration mode, and enables

EIGRP on the router. The autonomous-system
number identifies the route to other EIGRP routers
and is used to tag the EIGRP information.
Example:
Router(config)# router eigrp 109
Router(config)#
Step 2
network ip-address
Example:
Specifies a list of networks on which EIGRP is to

be applied, using the IP address of the network of
directly connected networks.
Router(config)# network 192.145.1.0

Router(config)# network 10.10.12.115
Router(config)#
Step 3
end

Example:
Router(config-router)# end
Router#
27
Chapter
Example
The following configuration example shows the EIGRP routing protocol enabled in IP networks
192.145.1.0 and 10.10.12.115. The EIGRP autonomous system number is 109.
To see this configuration use the show running-config command, beginning in privileged EXEC mode.
...
!
router eigrp 109
network 192.145.1.0
network 10.10.12.115
!
...
To verify that you have properly configured IP EIGRP, enter the show ip route command, and look for
EIGRP routes indicated by D. You should see verification output similar to the following:
C
D

3.0.0.0/8 [90/409600] via 2.2.2.1, 00:00:02, Ethernet0/0
28

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Basic Router Configuration

Default Configuration, page 14

Configuring Global Parameters, page 15

Interface Ports, page 17

Configuring Gigabit Ethernet Interfaces, page 18

Configuring Wireless LAN Interfaces, page 19

Configuring Interface Card and Module Interfaces, page 19

Configuring a Loopback Interface, page 19

Configuring Command-Line Access, page 21

Configuring Static Routes, page 23

Configuring Dynamic Routes, page 25

Basic Router Configuration

Basic Router Configuration

Configuring Global Parameters

enable secret password

Enters global configuration mode, when using the

Use the following to connect to the router with a

telnet router name or address

Specifies the name for the router.

Basic Router Configuration

Configuring I/O Memory Allocation

enable secret password

Specifies an encrypted password to prevent

Disables the router from translating unfamiliar

Configuring I/O Memory Allocation

The percentage of DRAM allocated to I/O memory. The values permitted

Basic Router Configuration

Verifying IOMEM Setting

Interfaces by Cisco Router

Slots, Ports, Logical

service-module service-module-name-ISM 0/1 name-ISM 0/1

3925E & 3945E

2951 & 3925 & 3945

2911 & 2921

Basic Router Configuration

Configuring Gigabit Ethernet Interfaces

Interfaces by Cisco Router (continued)

Slots, Ports, Logical

2911 & 2921

2951 & 3925 & 3945

3925E & 3945E

Configuring Gigabit Ethernet Interfaces

interface gigabitethernet slot/port

ip address ip-address mask

interface gigabitethernet slot/port

Enters the configuration mode for a Gigabit

ip address ip-address mask

Sets the IP address and subnet mask for the

Basic Router Configuration

Enables the GE interface, changing its state

Exits configuration mode for the GE interface

Configuring Wireless LAN Interfaces

Configuring Interface Card and Module Interfaces

Configuring a Loopback Interface

interface type number

ip address ip-address mask

Basic Router Configuration

Configuring a Loopback Interface

interface type number

Enters configuration mode for the loopback