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    Calamba Agrarian Problems

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    Rolando Pabalate
    1) Ownership of the Calamba hacienda passed to the Dominicans after the Jesuits were expelled in 1768. The tenants suffered under unjustified high taxes and rent increases even during economic crises or bad harvests. 2) In 1887, the government asked for a report on changes to the size and revenue of the Dominican estate over three years. Rizal drafted the report for the tenants, which revealed the Dominicans had claimed much more land than the original hacienda and were underpaying taxes. 3) The Dominicans responded furiously and had the tenants evicted when the court ruled in their favor. Over 400 tenants, including Rizal's family, were ev

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    Calamba Agrarian Problems

    Uploaded by

    Rolando Pabalate
    177 views2 pages
    1) Ownership of the Calamba hacienda passed to the Dominicans after the Jesuits were expelled in 1768. The tenants suffered under unjustified high taxes and rent increases even during economic crises or bad harvests. 2) In 1887, the government asked for a report on changes to the size and revenue of the Dominican estate over three years. Rizal drafted the report for the tenants, which revealed the Dominicans had claimed much more land than the original hacienda and were underpaying taxes. 3) The Dominicans responded furiously and had the tenants evicted when the court ruled in their favor. Over 400 tenants, including Rizal's family, were ev

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    1) Ownership of the Calamba hacienda passed to the Dominicans after the Jesuits were expelled in 1768. The tenants suffered under unjustified high taxes and rent increases even during economic crises or bad harvests. 2) In 1887, the government asked for a report on changes to the size and revenue of the Dominican estate over three years. Rizal drafted the report for the tenants, which revealed the Dominicans had claimed much more land than the original hacienda and were underpaying taxes. 3) The Dominicans responded furiously and had the tenants evicted when the court ruled in their favor. Over 400 tenants, including Rizal's family, were ev

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    177 views2 pages

    Calamba Agrarian Problems

    Uploaded by

    Rolando Pabalate
    1) Ownership of the Calamba hacienda passed to the Dominicans after the Jesuits were expelled in 1768. The tenants suffered under unjustified high taxes and rent increases even during economic crises or bad harvests. 2) In 1887, the government asked for a report on changes to the size and revenue of the Dominican estate over three years. Rizal drafted the report for the tenants, which revealed the Dominicans had claimed much more land than the original hacienda and were underpaying taxes. 3) The Dominicans responded furiously and had the tenants evicted when the court ruled in their favor. Over 400 tenants, including Rizal's family, were ev

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    CALAMBA AGRARIAN PROBLEMS

    For the Calamba discussion see chapter 10 of Guerreros the First Filipino and part 3, chpter 3 of Austin
    Coates s Rizal, Philippine Nationalist and Martyr (1968)
    See also Rizal and the University of Santo Tomas, 167-207

    Ownership of the Calamba hacienda passed on to the Dominicans after the


    Jesuits who originally owned it- were expelled in 1768. The Dominicans
    owned practically all the lands around Calamba. The tenants suffered since
    many years due to the unjustified taxes they had to pay. Even if there was an
    economic crisis or the harvest was bad, the rent and taxes went up. The
    tenants suffered under the friars.
    Rizal had not anticipated but he soon became the center of the tenants
    struggle against the Dominicans. It started innocently. On 30th December
    1887, when the government, wondering why the revenue paid by the
    Dominicans Order had remained constant despite the ever-increasing size of
    cultivated lands, formally asked the Calamba town council to determine
    whether there had been any increase in the products and the size of the
    Dominican estate over the past three years.
    The friars wanted to withhold the tenants to tell the truth. The Rizal family as
    well as the other Calamba tenants wanted to tell the truth. The tenants asked
    Rizal to draft a report for the town council.
    Rizal asked his town mates to supply him with all the relevant facts about the
    estate from the very beginning.
    What came out was a horror story of Dominican corruption and financial
    deceit on a massive scale. The original hacienda owned by the Jesuits
    consisted of only a small part of land and included only a part of the town, but
    the Dominicans had claimed a much more extensive area, no less than the
    whole town and its surrounding fields. The Dominicans were paying the
    government only the income tax due on the original smaller hacienda.
    Rizal wrote down his findings, which were signed by the tenants in January
    1888, and he submitted the report to the government.
    Rizal advised his family to stop paying the rent. The rest of the Calamba
    tenants followed suit and with Rizals encouragement, petitioned the
    government to intervene by authorizing and supervising the drawing up of a
    new contract between the people of Calamba and the Dominican landowners.

    The friars were furious because they were attacked on their most sensitive
    point: money! The report never reached the desk of the governor-general. The
    Dominicans responded by filing an action for eviction against the Calamba
    tenants. When the justice of the Peace of Calamba ruled in favor of the
    tenants. The Dominicans immediately brought the case to the Supreme Court
    in Manila, which immediately decided in the Dominicans favor. The tenants
    and the Rizal family had no recourse but to appeal their case to the Supreme
    Court in Madrid.
    The Dominicans put pressure on Malacaang to eliminate Rizal. Governorgeneral Terrero advised Rizal to leave the Philippines for his own good.
    The liberal governor-general Terrerro was at that time replaced by the
    conservative general Valeriano Weyler in 1888. He was completely on the
    side of the Dominicans. One of his first acts was to enforce the court ruling for
    the eviction of the tenants. The first to be evicted was the Rizal family.
    On 6 September 1890, general Weyler began enforcing the will of the
    Dominicans by sending artillery and military forces to Calamba which started
    to demolish the house of Rizals parents. Rizals brother, brothers in law were
    arrested and exiled to different places of the archipelago. On the first day 60
    families were thrown out of their houses and the sugar mills and all other
    buildings they had erected were destroyed. The Dominicans forbade the rest
    of the townspeople to give the unfortunates lodging and hospitality. By the end
    of September 400 tenants had been evicted.

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