Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 380 views

    Relative Permeability PDF

    Uploaded by

    sawan
    Effective permeability is a measure of how easily a fluid can flow through a porous rock when multiple fluids are present. Relative permeability relates the effective permeability of a fluid to the absolute permeability of the rock. It is affected by fluid saturations, pore geometry, wettability, and fluid saturation history. Relative permeability curves are unique to each rock-fluid system and important for reservoir simulation, multiphase flow calculations, and estimating residual fluid saturations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Relative Permeability PDF

    Uploaded by

    sawan
    380 views12 pages
    Effective permeability is a measure of how easily a fluid can flow through a porous rock when multiple fluids are present. Relative permeability relates the effective permeability of a fluid to the absolute permeability of the rock. It is affected by fluid saturations, pore geometry, wettability, and fluid saturation history. Relative permeability curves are unique to each rock-fluid system and important for reservoir simulation, multiphase flow calculations, and estimating residual fluid saturations.

    Original Title

    Relative Permeability.pdf

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Effective permeability is a measure of how easily a fluid can flow through a porous rock when multiple fluids are present. Relative permeability relates the effective permeability of a fluid to the absolute permeability of the rock. It is affected by fluid saturations, pore geometry, wettability, and fluid saturation history. Relative permeability curves are unique to each rock-fluid system and important for reservoir simulation, multiphase flow calculations, and estimating residual fluid saturations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    380 views12 pages

    Relative Permeability PDF

    Uploaded by

    sawan
    Effective permeability is a measure of how easily a fluid can flow through a porous rock when multiple fluids are present. Relative permeability relates the effective permeability of a fluid to the absolute permeability of the rock. It is affected by fluid saturations, pore geometry, wettability, and fluid saturation history. Relative permeability curves are unique to each rock-fluid system and important for reservoir simulation, multiphase flow calculations, and estimating residual fluid saturations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 12

    Introduction to

    Effective Permeability
    and
    Relative Permeability

    r
    i
    k

    Review: Absolute Permeability


    o

    d
    e

    h
    S

    Absolute permeability: is the permeability of a


    porous medium saturated with a single fluid
    (e.g. Sw=1)

    a
    s

    m
    a

    h
    o

    Absolute permeability can be calculated from


    the steady-state flow equation (1D Linear,
    Horizontal Flow; Single Phase; Darcy Units):

    s
    i
    E

    .
    r
    k
    A

    p
    D
    .f q
    L
    ro

    r
    i
    Multiphase Flow in Reservoirsk
    o
    h
    Commonly, reservoirs contain 2 or 3S
    fluids
    d
    e
    Water-oil systems
    m
    a
    Oil-gas systems
    h
    o
    Water-gas systems M
    a
    s
    Three phase systems
    (water, oil, and gas)
    s
    i
    E
    To evaluate multiphase
    systems, must
    .r
    considerDthe effective and relative
    .
    f
    permeability
    o
    r
    P

    Effective Permeability

    r
    i
    k

    o
    h

    Effective permeability: is a measure of


    the conductance of a porous medium
    for one fluid phase when the medium is
    saturated with more than one fluid.

    m
    a

    h
    o

    d
    e

    The porous medium can have a distinct and


    measurable conductance to each phase present in
    the medium

    .
    r
    D
    .

    s
    i
    E

    a
    s

    Effective permeabilities:

    f
    ro

    (ko, kg, kw)

    Effective Permeability
    ko A o
    qo
    o L

    Oil

    r
    i
    k

    o
    h

    Steady state, 1D, linear flow


    equation (Darcy units):

    d
    e

    m
    a

    qn = volumetric flow rate for a


    specific phase, n

    k w A w h A = flow area
    o
    Water qw
    w LM = flow potential drop for
    Gas

    f
    ro

    s
    i
    Ek A

    q gr.

    D
    .

    a
    s

    g L

    phase, n (including pressure,


    gravity and capillary pressure
    terms)

    n = fluid viscosity for phase n


    L = flow length

    r
    i
    Relative Permeability is the ratio of the effectivek
    o
    permeability of a fluid at a given saturation
    to some
    h
    S
    base permeability
    d
    e as:
    Base permeability is typically defined
    m
    a
    h
    o
    M
    a
    s
    s
    i
    E
    .
    r
    D
    .
    f
    o
    r
    P
    Relative Permeability

    absolute permeability, k
    air permeability, kair

    effective permeability to non-wetting phase at irreducible wetting


    phase saturation [e.g. ko(Sw=Swi)]
    because definition of base permeability varies, the definition
    used must always be:
    confirmed before applying relative permeability data

    noted along with tables and figures presenting relative


    permeability data

    Relative Permeability
    Oil

    kro( 0.5, 0.3)

    ko ( 0.5,0.3)
    k

    m
    a

    d
    e

    h
    k w( 0o.5,0.3)
    Water k rw( 0.5, 0.3) M
    k
    a
    s
    s
    i
    E
    k g ( 0.5,0.3)
    .
    krgr( 0.5,0.3)
    Gas D
    k
    .f
    o
    r
    P

    r
    i
    k

    o
    h

    So =0.5
    Sw =0.3
    Sg = 0.2

    r
    i
    Relative Permeability Functions
    k
    o
    h
    S
    d
    e
    m
    a
    h
    o
    M
    a
    s
    s
    i
    E
    .
    r
    D
    .
    f
    o
    r
    P

    Relative Permeability (fraction)

    Imbibition Relative Permeability

    1.00

    Wettability and direction of


    saturation change must be
    considered
    drainage, or
    imbibition

    kro @ Swi

    0.80

    Two-Phase Flow
    Region

    0.60

    Base used to normalize this


    relative permeability curve is
    ko @ Swi

    Oil

    0.40

    0.20

    krw @ Sor

    Water

    0.20

    0.40

    0.60

    0.80

    Water Saturation (fraction)

    1.00

    As Sw increases, kro decreases


    and krw increases until
    reaching residual oil
    saturation

    1.0

    0.8

    0.6

    a
    s

    Oil
    0.4

    0.2

    .
    r
    D
    .
    Water

    20

    f
    ro

    40

    s
    i
    E

    60

    80

    100

    Relative Permeability, Fraction

    Relative Permeability, Fraction

    Effect of Wettability
    for Increasing Sw

    d
    e

    1.0

    o
    h

    m
    a

    0.8

    h
    o

    r
    i
    k

    0.6

    Oil

    0.4

    Water

    0.2

    20

    40

    60

    80

    Water Saturation (% PV)

    Water Saturation (% PV)

    Strongly Water-Wet Rock

    Strongly Oil-Wet Rock

    100

    Water flows more freely


    Higher residual oil saturation (typical)

    r
    i
    k

    Factors Affecting Relative Permeabilities


    o
    Fluid saturations

    d
    e

    h
    S

    h
    o

    m
    a

    Geometry of the pore spaces and pore


    size distribution

    Wettability

    .
    r
    D
    .

    s
    i
    E

    a
    s

    Fluid saturation history (i.e., imbibition


    or drainage)

    f
    ro

    r
    i
    Characteristics of Relativek
    o
    h
    Permeability Functions
    S
    d
    e for
    Relative permeability is unique
    m
    a
    different rocks and fluids
    h
    o
    Relative permeability
    M affects the flow
    characteristicssa
    of reservoir fluids.
    s
    i
    Relative permeability
    affects the
    E
    .
    r
    recovery
    efficiency
    of
    oil
    and/or
    gas.
    D
    .
    f
    o
    r
    P

    r
    i
    k

    Applications of
    o
    h
    Relative Permeability Functions

    m
    a

    d
    e

    Reservoir simulation

    h
    Flow calculationsothat involve
    M
    multi-phase flow
    in reservoirs
    a
    s
    s
    i
    Estimation
    of residual oil (and/or
    E
    .
    r
    gas) saturation
    D
    .
    f
    o
    r
    P

    You might also like