Pengertian Sinyal Analog

Sinyal analog / Isyarat Analog adalah sinyal data dalam bentuk gelombang yang kontinyu, yang
membawa informasi dengan mengubah karakteristik gelombang. Dua parameter/ karakteristik terpenting
yang dimiliki oleh isyarat analog adalah amplitude dan frekuensi. Isyarat analog biasanya dinyatakan
dengan gelombang sinus, mengingat gelombang sinus merupakan dasar untuk semua bentuk isyarat
analog.
Gelombang pada Sinyal Analog yang umumnya berbentuk gelombang sinus memiliki tiga variable dasar,
yaitu amplitudo, frekuensi dan phase.
Amplitudo merupakan ukuran tinggi rendahnya tegangan dari sinyal analog.
Frekuensi adalah jumlah gelombang sinyal analog dalam satuan detik.
Phase adalah besar sudut dari sinyal analog pada saat tertentu.

Analog and Digital Signals

Sound is naturally an analog signal. An analog signal is continuous, meaning that there are no breaks or
interruptions. One moment flows into the next. If you were to hum a descending note, people hearing you
would be able to detect the change in pitch, but not point to specific moments when the pitch jumped from
one note to the next.
Digital signals are not continuous. They use specific values to represent information. In the case of sound,
that means representing a sound wave as a series of values that represent pitch and volume over the
length of the recording. In a primitive digital recording of that descending note you hummed, you'd hear a
single long sound as a collection of shorter sounds.
Some audiophiles argue that because analog recording methods are continuous, they are better at
capturing a true representation of sound. Digital recordings can miss subtle nuances. But as digital
recording processes improve, digital devices can use higher sampling rates with greater precision.
Although the signal still isn't continuous, the high sampling rate can create a sound similar to the original
source.
http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/digital-versus-analog1.htm

Signals are passed between devices in order to send and receive information, which might be video,
audio, or some sort of encoded data. Usually the signals are transmitted through wires, but they
could also pass through the air via radio frequency (RF) waves. Audio signals, for example might be
transferred between your computers audio card and speakers, while data signals might be passed
through the air between a tablet and a WiFi router.

Analog Signal Graphs

Because a signal varies over time, its helpful to plot it on a graph where time is plotted on the
horizontal, x-axis, and voltage on the vertical, y-axis. Looking at a graph of a signal is usually the
easiest way to identify if its analog or digital; a time-versus-voltage graph of an analog signal should
be smooth and continuous.

While these signals may be limited to a range of maximum and minimum values, there are still an
infinite number of possible values within that range. For example, the analog voltage coming out of
your wall socket might be clamped between -120V and +120V, but, as you increase the resolution
more and more, you discover an infinite number of values that the signal can actually be (like 64.4V,
64.42V, 64.424V, and infinite, increasingly precise values).

Example Analog Signals

Video and audio transmissions are often transferred or recorded using analog signals. Thecomposite
video coming out of an old RCA jack, for example, is a coded analog signal usually ranging between
0 and 1.073V. Tiny changes in the signal have a huge effect on the color or location of the video.

An analog signal representing one line of composite video data.

Pure audio signals are also analog. The signal that comes out of a microphone is full of analog
frequencies and harmonics, which combine to make beautiful music.
https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/analog-vs-digital/analog-signals

Digital Signals
Digital signals must have a finite set of possible values. The number of values in the set can be
anywhere between two and a-very-large-number-thats-not-infinity. Most commonly digital signals will
be one of two values like either 0V or 5V. Timing graphs of these signals look like square waves.

Or a digital signal might be a discrete representation of an analog waveform. Viewed from afar, the
wave function below may seem smooth and analog, but when you look closely there are tiny
discrete steps as the signal tries to approximate values:

Thats the big difference between analog and digital waves. Analog waves are smooth and
continuous, digital waves are stepping, square, and discrete.
https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/analog-vs-digital/digital-signals

Analog Electronics
Most of the fundamental electronic components resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes, transistors,
and operational amplifiers are all inherently analog. Circuits built with a combination of solely these
components are usually analog.

Analog circuits are usually complex combinations of op amps, resistors, caps, and other foundational
electronic components. This is an example of a class B analog audio amplifier.

Analog circuits can be very elegant designs with many components, or they can be very simple, like
two resistors combining to make a voltage divider. In general, though, analog circuits are much more
difficult to design than those which accomplish the same task digitally. It takes a special kind of
analog circuit wizard to design an analog radio receiver, or an analog battery charger; digital
components exist to make those designs much simpler.
Analog circuits are usually much more susceptible to noise (small, undesired variations in voltage).
Small changes in the voltage level of an analog signal may produce significant errors when being
processed.

Digital Electronics
Digital circuits operate using digital, discrete signals. These circuits are usually made of a
combination of transistors and logic gates and, at higher levels, microcontrollers or other computing
chips. Most processors, whether theyre big beefy processors in your computer, or tiny little
microcontrollers, operate in the digital realm.

Digital circuits make use of components like logic gates, or more complicated digital ICs (usually
represented by rectangles with labeled pins extending from them).
Digital circuits usually use a binary scheme for digital signaling. These systems assign two different
voltages as two different logic levels a high voltage (usually 5V, 3.3V, or 1.8V) represents one value
and a low voltage (usually 0V) represents the other.
Although digital circuits are generally easier to design, they do tend to be a bit more expensive than
an equally tasked analog circuit.
https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/analog-vs-digital/analog-and-digital-circuits

Analog adalah sinyal data dalam bentuk gelombang yang yang kontinyu,
yang membawa informasi dengan mengubah karakteristik gelombang.
Dua parameter/karakteristik terpenting yang dimiliki oleh isyarat analog
adalah amplitude dan frekuensi. Gelombang pada sinyal analog yang
umumnya berbentuk gelombang sinus memiliki tiga variable dasar, yaitu
amplitudo, frekuensi dan phase. Amplitudo merupakan ukuran tinggi
rendahnya tegangan dari sinyal analog. Frekuensi adalah jumlah
gelombang sinyal analog dalam satuan detik. Phase adalah besar sudut
dari sinyal analog pada saat tertentu.
Analog disebarluaskan melalui gelombang elekromagnetik (gelombang
radio) secara terus menerus, yang banyak dipengaruhi oleh faktor
pengganggu. Analog merupakan bentuk komunikasi elektromagnetik
yang
merupakan
proses
pengiriman
sinyal
pada
gelombang
elektromagnetik dan bersifat variable yang berurutan. Jadi sistem analog
merupakan
suatu
bentuk
sistem
komunikasi
elektromagnetik
yang menggantungkan proses pengiriman sinyalnya pada gelombang
elektromagnetik.
Digital merupakan sinyal data dalam bentuk pulsa yang dapat
mengalami perubahan yang tiba-tiba dan mempunyai besaran 0 dan 1.
Sinyal digital hanya memiliki dua keadaan, yaitu 0 dan 1, sehingga tidak
mudah terpengaruh oleh derau, tetapi transmisi dengan sinyal digital
hanya mencapai jarak jangkau pengiriman data yang relatif dekat.
Biasanya sinyal ini juga dikenal dengan sinyal diskret. Sinyal yang
mempunyai dua keadaan ini biasa disebut dengan bit. Bit merupakan
istilah khas pada sinyal digital. Sebuah bit dapat berupa nol (0) atau satu
(1). Kemungkinan nilai untuk sebuah bit adalah 2 buah (21). Kemungkinan
nilai untuk 2 bit adalah sebanyak 4 (22), berupa 00, 01, 10, dan 11.
Secara umum, jumlah kemungkinan nilai yang terbentuk oleh kombinasi n
bit adalah sebesar 2n buah. Teknologi digital memiliki beberapa
keistimewaan unik yang tidak dapat ditemukan pada teknologi analog,
yaitu :
Mampu mengirimkan informasi dengan kecepatan cahaya yang mengakibatkan informasi
dapat dikirim dengan kecepatan tinggi.
Penggunaan yang berulang-ulang terhadap informasi tidak mempengaruhi kualitas dan
kuantitas informasi itu sendiri.
Informasi dapat dengan mudah diproses dan dimodifikasi ke dalam berbagai bentuk.

Dapat memproses informasi dalam jumlah yang sangat besar dan mengirimkannya secara
interaktif.

Pemahaman yang mudah tentang analog dan digital adalah pada pita kaset lagu dan file MP3.
Jika meng-copy (menyalin) atau merekam pita kaset, tentu hasilnya banyak ditentukan oleh
alat perekamnya, kebersihan head rekam nya, dan sebagainya, semakin banyak merekam
ke tempat lain, kualitas suaranya akan berubah. Tapi dengan meng-copy file MP3, akan
mendapat salinannya sama persis dengan aslinya, berapapun banyaknya kamu
menggandakannya.Kini ada juga yang menyalin lagu-lagu dari pita kaset menjadi file, atau
disebut juga men-digital-isasi. Namun dalam bidang audio ini, sistem analog masih memiliki
beberapa keunggulan dibanding sistem digital, yang menyebabkan masih ada beberapa
penggemar
fanatik
yang
lebih
menyukai
rekaman
analog.

Perbedaan kamera analog (manual) dan kamera digital hanya terletak pada media
penyimpanannya, kalau kamera sebelumnya menyimpan data gambar dalam bentuk film
yang harus kamu proses dulu untuk bisa mendapatkan foto nya, sementara kamrea digital
menyimpan data gambarnya dalam bentuk data digital yang bisa langsung kamu nikmati
sesaat setelah dijepret.
Dalam bidang telekomunikasi, perbedaan telepon analog dan digital, bukan berdasarkan jenis
pesawat teleponnya, namun kepada sistem di sentral teleponnya, walaupun untuk
mendukung sistem sentra yang digital, diperlukan pesawat telepon khusus. Begitu juga
dengan siaran televisi analog dan digital. Siaran Analog kadang terganggu oleh cuaca, letak
bangunan, dan penyebab lainnya, sementara siaran digital memiliki kualitas suara dan
gambar yang lebih bagus, karena data-nya tidak mengalami gangguan saat dikirim ke TV
penerima.

http://blog.ub.ac.id/cantikaordinary/2010/03/07/pengertian-dan-contoh-sistem-analog-dan-sistem-digital/

An analog or analogue signal is any continuous signal for which the time varying feature (variable)
of the signal is a representation of some other time varying quantity, i.e., analogous to another time
varying signal. For example, in an analogaudio signal, the instantaneous voltage of the signal varies
continuously with the pressure of the sound waves. It differs from a digital signal, in which a
continuous quantity is represented by a discrete function which can only take on one of a finite
number of values. The term analog signal usually refers to electrical signals;
however, mechanical, pneumatic, hydraulic, and other systems may also convey analog signals.
An analog signal uses some property of the medium to convey the signal's information. For example,
an aneroid barometeruses rotary position as the signal to convey pressure information. In an
electrical signal, the voltage, current, or frequency of the signal may be varied to represent the
information.
Any information may be conveyed by an analog signal; often such a signal is a measured response
to changes in physical phenomena, such as sound, light, temperature, position, or pressure. The
physical variable is converted to an analog signal by a transducer. For example, in sound recording,
fluctuations in air pressure (that is to say, sound) strike the diaphragm of a microphone which
induces corresponding fluctuations in the current produced by a coil in an electromagnetic
microphone, or the voltage produced by a condensor microphone. The voltage or the current is said
to be an "analog" of the sound.
An analog signal has a theoretically infinite resolution. In practice an analog signal is subject
to electronic noise anddistortion introduced by communication channels and signal
processing operations, which can progressively degrade thesignal-to-noise ratio. In contrast, digital
signals have a finite resolution. Converting an analog signal to digital form introduces a constant lowlevel noise called quantization noise into the signal which determines the noise floor, but once in
digital form the signal can in general be processed or transmitted without introducing additional noise
or distortion. Therefore as analog signal processing systems become more complex, they may
ultimately degrade signal resolution to such an extent that their performance is surpassed by digital
systems. This explains the widespread use of digital signals in preference to analog in modern
technology. In analog systems, it is difficult to detect when such degradation occurs. However, in
digital systems, degradation can not only be detected but corrected as well.

Disadvantages[edit]
The primary disadvantage of analog signals is that any system has noise i.e., random unwanted
variation. As the signal is copied and re-copied, or transmitted over long distances, or electronically
processed, the unavoidable noise introduced by each step in the signal path is additive,
progressively degrading the signal-to-noise ratio, until in extreme cases the signal can be
overwhelmed. This is called generation loss. Noise can show up as 'hiss' and intermodulation

distortion in audio signals, or "snow" in video signals. This degradation is impossible to recover,
since there is no sure way to distinguish the noise from the signal; amplifying the signal to recover
attenuated parts of the signal amplifies the noise (distortion/interference) as well. Digital signals can
be transmitted, stored and processed without introducing noise. Even if the resolution of an analog
signal is higher than a comparable digital signal, after enough processing the analog signal to noise
ratio will be lower.[citation needed]
Electrically, analog signal noise can be diminished by shielding, good connections, and several cable
types such as coaxialor twisted pair.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog_signal

Pengertian Sinyal Digital

Sinyal digital merupakan sinyal data dalam bentuk pulsa yang dapat mengalami perubahan yang tibatiba dan mempunyai besaran 0 dan 1. Teknologi Sinyal digital hanya memiliki dua keadaan, yaitu 0 dan
1, sehingga tidak mudah terpengaruh oleh derau/noise, tetapi transmisi dengan sinyal digital hanya
mencapai jarak jangkau pengiriman data yang relatif dekat. Sinyal Digital juga biasanya disebut
juga Sinyal Diskret.
Sistem Sinyal Digital merupakan bentuk sampling dari sytem analog. digital pada dasarnya di code-kan
dalam bentuk biner (atau Hexa). besarnya nilai suatu system digital dibatasi oleh lebarnya / jumlah bit
(bandwidth). jumlah bit juga sangat mempengaruhi nilai akurasi system digital.
Teknologi Sinyal Digital ini juga memiliki kelebihan yang tidak dimiliki olehTeknologi Sinyal Analog.
Diantaranya adalah dibawah ini :

Mampu mengirimkan informasi dengan kecepatan cahaya yang dapat membuat informasi dapat
dikirim dengan kecepatan tinggi.

Penggunaan yang berulang ulang terhadap informasi tidak mempengaruhi kualitas dan
kuantitas informsi itu sendiri.

Informasi dapat dengan mudah diproses dan dimodifikasi ke dalam berbagai bentuk.

Dapat memproses informasi dalam jumlah yang sangat besar dan mengirimnya secara interaktif.

Pada saat ini banyak teknologi-teknologi yang memakai Teknologi Sinyal Digital. Karena kelebihan
kelebihannya, antara lain:

1. untuk menyimpan hasil pengolahan, sinyal digital lebih mudah dibandingkan sinyal analog. Untuk
menyimpan sinyal digital dapat menggunakan media digital seperti CD, DVD, Flash Disk,
Hardisk. Sedangkan media penyimpanan sinyal analog adalah pita tape magnetik.
2. lebih kebal terhadap noise karena bekerja pada level 0 dan 1.
3. lebih kebal terhadap perubahan temperatur.
4. lebih mudah pemrosesannya.

A digital signal is a physical signal that is a representation of a sequence of discrete values

(a quantified discrete-time signal), for example of an arbitrary bit stream, or of
a digitized (sampled and analog-to-digital converted) analog signal. The term digital signal can refer
to either of the following:
1. any continuous-time waveform signal used in digital communication, representing a bit
stream or other sequence ofdiscrete values
2. a pulse train signal that switches between a discrete number of voltage levels or levels of
light intensity, also known as a line coded signal or baseband transmission, for example a
signal found in digital electronics or in serial communications, or a pulse code
modulation (PCM) representation of a digitized analog signal.
A signal that is generated by means of a digital modulation method (digital passband transmission),
to be transferred between modems, is in the first case considered as a digital signal, and in the
second case as converted to an analog signal.
In computer architecture and other digital systems, a waveform that switches between two voltage
levels representing the two states of aBoolean value (0 and 1) is referred to as a digital signal, even
though it is an analog voltage waveform, since it is interpreted in terms of only two levels.
The clock signal is a special digital signal that is used to synchronizedigital circuits. The image
shown can be considered the waveform of a clock signal. Logic changes are triggered either by the
rising edge or the falling edge.
The given diagram is an example of the practical pulse and therefore we have introduced two new
terms that are:

Rising edge: the transition from a low voltage (level 1 in the diagram) to a high voltage (level
2).

Falling edge: the transition from a high voltage to a low one.

Although in a highly simplified and idealised model of a digital circuit we may wish for these
transitions to occur instantaneously, no real world circuit is purely resistive and therefore no circuit
can instantly change voltage levels. This means that during a short, finite transition time the output
may not properly reflect the input, and indeed may not correspond to either a logically high or low
voltage.

Logic voltage levels[edit]

Hobbyist frequency counter circuit built almost entirely of TTL logic chips.

Main article: logic level

The two states of a wire are usually represented by some measurement of an electrical
property: Voltage is the most common, but current is used in some logic families. A threshold is
designed for each logic family. When below that threshold, the wire is "low", when above "high."
Digital circuits establish a "no man's area" or "exclusion zone" that is wider than the tolerances of the
components. The circuits avoid that area, in order to avoid indeterminate results.
It is usual to allow some tolerance in the voltage levels used; for example, 0 to 2 volts might
represent logic 0, and 3 to 5 volts logic 1. A voltage of 2 to 3 volts would be invalid, and occur only in
a fault condition or during a logic level transition. However, few logic circuits can detect such a
condition and most devices will interpret the signal simply as high or low in an undefined or devicespecific manner. Some logic devices incorporate schmitt trigger inputs whose behaviour is much
better defined in the threshold region, and have increased resilience to small variations in the input
voltage.
The levels represent the binary integers or logic levels of 0 and 1. In active-high logic, "low"
represents binary 0 and "high" represents binary 1. Active-low logic uses the reverse representation.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_signal