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Question

General Certificate of Education

Advanced Level Examination
June 2014

Mark

1
2
3

Computing
Unit 3

COMP3

Problem Solving, Programming, Operating Systems,

Databases and Networking

Tuesday 17 June 2014

5
6
7

9.00 am to 11.30 am

You will need no other materials

You may use a calculator.

Time allowed
2 hours 30 minutes

10

Instructions
Use black ink or black ball-point pen.
Fill in the boxes at the top of this page.
Answer all questions.
You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Do not write
outside the box around each page or on blank pages.
All working must be shown.
Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not
want to be marked.

TOTAL

Information
The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
The maximum mark for this paper is 100.
The use of brand names will not gain credit.
Question 7(b) should be answered in continuous prose. In this question
you will be marked on your ability to:
use good English
organise information clearly
use specialist vocabulary where appropriate.

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Answer all questions in the spaces provided.

Table 1 lists three situations which involve the transmission of

data/information/addresses.

1 (a)

For each row in Table 1, place a tick in one column to indicate whether the
transmission is most likely to be serial, most likely to be parallel or could be either serial
or parallel.
[3 marks]
Table 1
Situation

Most likely
to be
Parallel

Most likely
to be
Serial

Could be either Serial

or Parallel

Sending data to a
peripheral, such as a
printer, that is plugged
directly into a computer.
Transferring memory
addresses between the
processor and the main
memory of a desktop
computer.
Transmitting an email
across a WAN from a
computer in England to an
email server in Scotland.

1 (b)

Data communication often uses a handshaking protocol.

Explain one purpose of a handshaking protocol.
[1 mark]
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1 (c)

When data is transmitted over long distances, eg via satellites, latency can become a
problem.
Explain what latency is.
[1 mark]
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................

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5

Regular expressions can be used to search for strings.

2 (a)

For each of the following regular expressions, describe the set of strings that they
would match.

2 (a) (i)

b*c

[1 mark]

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2 (a) (ii) b?c

[1 mark]

............................................................................................................................................
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2 (b)

Write a regular expression that matches the letter b, followed by zero or more
occurrences of the string cd followed by either a single letter e or the string fg.
[2 marks]
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............................................................................................................................................

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A computer program stores a list of integers in an array named List. The numbers
in the array are to be sorted into ascending order so that a particular efficient search
algorithm can be used to search for a number.

3 (a)

One of the search algorithms in Table 2 can only be used successfully on a sorted list.
Place one tick next to the name of the algorithm that requires a list to be sorted.
[1 mark]
Table 2

Algorithm Name

Requires Sorted List?

(Tick one box)

Binary search
Linear search

3 (b)

The pseudo-code for a standard algorithm that can be used to sort the data in the array
List into order is shown in Figure 1. The variable ListLength stores a count of
the number of items in the array List.
Array indexing starts at 1.
Figure 1

For OuterPointer 2 To ListLength

CurrentValue List[OuterPointer]
InnerPointer OuterPointer - 1
While InnerPointer > 0 And
List[InnerPointer] > CurrentValue Do
List[InnerPointer + 1] List[InnerPointer]
InnerPointer InnerPointer - 1
EndWhile
List[InnerPointer + 1] CurrentValue
EndFor

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Complete the empty (unshaded) cells in the trace table (Table 3) for an execution of
the algorithm in Figure 1 when the array List contains the values 9, 8, 5 and 6 in
that order.
[3 marks]
Table 3
List
List
Length

Outer
Pointer

Current
Value

Inner
Pointer

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

1
0

2
1
0

3
2
1

3 (c)

In the trace table (Table 3), when the variable OuterPointer contains the
value 2 and then 3, the value of the variable InnerPointer decreases to 0. When
OuterPointer contains 4, InnerPointer stops decreasing when it reaches the
number 1.
Explain why InnerPointer does not decrease to 0 when OuterPointer
contains 4.

[1 mark]

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3 (d)

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Tick one box in Table 4 to indicate the correct Order of Time Complexity of the
standard algorithm in Figure 1.
[1 mark]

Table 4
Order of Time Complexity

Tick one box

O(n)
O(n2)
O(2n)

3 (e)

State the name of the standard algorithm that is represented by the pseudo-code in
Figure 1.
[1 mark]
............................................................................................................................................

3 (f)

Instead of storing a list of numbers in an array as in 3(b), the numbers could be stored
in a binary search tree. This would also enable efficient searching.
The numbers 9, 6, 1, 8, 20 and 10 are put into a binary search tree in that order.
Figure 2 shows this binary search tree.
Figure 2
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3 (f) (i)

A search of the binary tree is performed for the number 8.

List the numbers, in the order that they would be checked, for the search to determine
that the number 8 is present in the tree.
[1 mark]
............................................................................................................................................

3 (f) (ii) A search of the binary tree is performed for the number 11.
List the numbers, in the order that they would be checked, for the search to determine
that the number 11 is not present in the tree.
[1 mark]
............................................................................................................................................

3 (g)

The numbers 4, 5 and 3 are to be added into the binary search tree, in that order.
Figure 3 below is an identical copy of Figure 2.
Complete Figure 3 below to show the binary search tree from Figure 2 after the extra
numbers have been added into it.
[2 marks]
Figure 3
9

20

10

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A normalised floating point representation uses an 8-bit mantissa and a 4-bit exponent,
both stored using twos complement format.

4 (a)

In binary, write the largest positive number that can be represented using this
normalised floating point system in the boxes below:
[2 marks]

Mantissa

4 (b)

Exponent

This is a floating point representation of a number:

Mantissa

Exponent

Calculate the denary equivalent of the number. Show how you have arrived at your
answer.
Working ..............................................................................................................................
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[1 mark]

Answer ...............................................................................................................................
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4 (c)

This is a floating point representation of a number:

Mantissa

Exponent

Calculate the denary equivalent of the number. Show how you have arrived at your
answer.
Working ..............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

Answer ...............................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

4 (d)

Write the normalised floating point representation of the negative denary value -108 in
the boxes below. Show how you have arrived at your answer.
Working ..............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

Answer

Mantissa

Exponent
[1 mark]

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4 (e) (i)

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In the context of floating point representation, explain what overflow is.

[2 marks]
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4 (e) (ii) Table 5 below contains descriptions of operations which may or may not cause an
overflow error when they are carried out with a floating point representation.
Place one tick next to the operation that may cause overflow.
[1 mark]
Table 5
Operation

May cause overflow?

(Tick one box)

Subtracting a very small number from a large

number.
Dividing a large number by a very small
number.
Multiplying a large number by a very small
number.

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Turn over for the next question

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ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED

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5

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A computer program is being developed to play a card game on a smartphone. The

game uses a standard deck of 52 playing cards, placed in a pile on top of each other.
The cards will be dealt (ie given out) to players from the top of the deck.
When a player gives up a card it is returned to the bottom of the deck.

5 (a)

Explain why a queue is a suitable data structure to represent the deck of cards in this
game.
[1 mark]
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................

5 (b)

The queue representing the deck of cards will be implemented as a circular queue in a
fixed size array named DeckQueue. The array DeckQueue has indices running from
1 to 52.
Figure 4 shows the contents of the DeckQueue array and its associated pointers at
the start of a game. The variable QueueSize indicates how many cards are
currently represented in the queue.
Figure 4

DeckQueue
Index

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Data

[1]

10-Hearts

[2]

2-Spades

[3]

King-Hearts

[4]
.
.
.

Ace-Clubs

[52]

8-Diamonds

FrontPointer = 1

RearPointer = 52

QueueSize = 52

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5 (b) (i)

Ten cards are dealt from the top of the deck.

What values are now stored in the FrontPointer and RearPointer pointers and
the QueueSize variable?
[1 mark]

FrontPointer = ..............

RearPointer = ..............

QueueSize = ..............
5 (b) (ii) Next, a player gives up two cards and these are returned to the deck.
What values are now stored in the FrontPointer and RearPointer pointers and
the QueueSize variable?
[1 mark]

FrontPointer = ..............

RearPointer = ..............

QueueSize = ..............
5 (b) (iii) Write a pseudo-code algorithm to deal a card from the deck.
Your algorithm should output the value of the card that is to be dealt and make any
required modifications to the pointers and to the QueueSize variable.
It should also cope appropriately with any situation that might arise in the DeckQueue
array whilst a game is being played.
[6 marks]
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5 (c)

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The program for the card game will be an event-driven program.

Explain what it means for a program to be described as event-driven.
[2 marks]
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5 (d)

The card game program will interact with the operating system on the smartphone.
Describe two differences between the operating system that is installed on the
smartphone and an operating system that would be used on a desktop computer.
[2 marks]
Difference 1 ........................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
Difference 2 ........................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
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6

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A government agency is responsible for storing information about vehicles and their
owners. Each vehicle that is driven must be registered with this agency. Vehicles
must be insured to be driven, so the agency also keeps a record of vehicle insurance
policies.
Details of the vehicles, owners and insurance policies are stored in a relational
database using the following three relations:

Vehicle(RegistrationNumber, OwnerID, Manufacturer,

Model, Colour, EngineSize, DateRegistered)
Owner(OwnerID, Title, Forename, Surname, HouseNumber,
Street, Town, Postcode)
Insurance(PolicyNumber, RegistrationNumber, DateStarted,
PolicyType, ExcessAmount)
In this system, the following restrictions apply to some attributes:
R
egistrationNumber:

a mixture of exactly 7 letters and numbers, eg MA11FXB

E
ngineSize: a whole number value representing the capacity of the engine,
eg 1597
PolicyType: can be either Comprehensive or Third Party and nothing else
ExcessAmount: a monetary value, eg 100
6 (a)

Complete the following Data Definition Language (DDL) statement to create the
Insurance table, including the key field.
[3 marks]

CREATE TABLE Insurance (

............................................................................................................................................
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............................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................... )

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6 (b)

The owner of the vehicle with registration number DF24JUT has had his car repainted
so that its colour is now pink.
Complete this SQL statement to update the data in the Vehicle table to reflect this
change.
[2 marks]

UPDATE ..............................................................................................................................
SET .....................................................................................................................................
WHERE ................................................................................................................................
6 (c)

A police officer is following a car with registration number AB72XHC. She wants to use
the computerised system to check some details about the car and its owner.
Write an SQL query that could be used to retrieve the Model and Colour of the car and
the Forename and Surname of the cars owner.
[4 marks]
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6 (d)

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The police officer requests the information using a hand held terminal that connects to
the Internet. She types the vehicle registration number into a form on a secure web
page and the details about the car and owner are then displayed in the web browser on
the terminal.
A server-side script is used to search for the required information.

6 (d) (i)

Explain what a server-side script is.

[2 marks]
............................................................................................................................................
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6 (d) (ii) The server-side script includes the statement:

RegNo = Request("RegistrationNumber")
Explain what this statement does when executed.
[2 marks]
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6 (d) (iii) The server-side script includes the statement:

Response.Write("Owner is " + Forename + " " + Surname)

Explain what this statement does when executed.
[2 marks]
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The definitions of the three relations in the database on page 16 are repeated
here so that you can answer Question 6 (e) on this page without having to turn
back in the question booklet.

Vehicle(RegistrationNumber, OwnerID, Manufacturer,

Model, Colour, EngineSize, DateRegistered)
Owner(OwnerID, Title, Forename, Surname, HouseNumber,
Street, Town, Postcode)
Insurance(PolicyNumber, RegistrationNumber,
DateStarted, PolicyType, ExcessAmount)

6 (e)

The database is to be extended to store information about vehicle safety certificates.

Each year, a vehicle must be taken to a garage where it will be tested. If the vehicle
passes the test, a certificate will be issued. Each certificate will have a unique
Certificate Number. Certificates will last for 12 months so the date that a certificate is
issued must be recorded, as must the name of the garage that issued the certificate.
The database must keep a record of all the certificates that have been issued for each
vehicle. For a particular vehicle this will include the current certificate together with any
certificates that have been issued in the past.
Explain how you would change the design of the database so that the information about
safety certificates can be stored.
[3 marks]
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7

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A computer program is being developed to allow commuters to plan journeys on the

London Underground railway network which connects together over 250 stations.
The program needs to store a representation of the network so that the shortest
route (ie shortest distance) between any two stations can be found.
Figure 5 is a map of central London, showing the location of ten of the stations on the
London Underground. The locations of the underground railway lines are not shown.
but Charing Cross has a
Note that nine of the stations are indicated by the symbol
because it is a combined underground and overground station.
different symbol
Figure 5

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Figure 6 is a map of part of the underground railway network, showing the same ten
stations. This map does not show the streets above ground but instead shows the
underground railway lines that connect the stations together.
Figure 6

Section of Tube map reproduced by kind permission of Transport for London.

Registered user number 13/E/2438/P

Figure 6 can be used in conjunction with a table of distances between adjacent

stations to calculate the shortest route between any two stations on the network.
The map of the entire underground railway network (not just the parts shown in
Figure 5 and Figure 6) together with the full table of distances can be represented
logically as a graph.

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7 (a)

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The representation of the underground railway network as a graph is an abstraction.

Explain what an abstraction is.
[1 mark]
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................

7 (b)

Write a detailed description of:

h
ow

the underground railway network and table of distances could be represented

as a graph, and,

h
ow

this representation could be implemented as either an adjacency matrix or

an adjacency list (describe one of these alternatives only), using array(s) in a
programming language that does not have a built-in data structure for graphs.

Your implementation should store all the details that are required to calculate the
shortest distance between any two stations, but you do not need to describe how the
shortest distance would be worked out.
In your answer you will be assessed on your ability to use good English, and to
organise your answer clearly in complete sentences, using specialist vocabulary where
appropriate.
You may use diagrams to help clarify your description, but as you are being assessed
on your ability to use good English, you must ensure that all diagrams are fully
explained.
[8 marks]
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An event-driven, object-oriented programming language lets the programmer create

a Graphical User Interface (GUI) from components such as forms and buttons. The
components of the GUI are implemented using a class hierarchy and inheritance.

8 (a)

Explain what is meant by inheritance.

[1 mark]
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8 (b)

One GUI component is a Selector. Selectors come in two different types: ComboBox
and ListBox.
Selector Type Description
ComboBox
A combo box lets the user make an input either by typing into
the box or by picking a single item from a list.
ListBox
A list box lets the user select options from a list. The user
cannot type into a list box. There are two different types of list
box:
SingleSelectionListBox: The user can only select one
item from a list. Whenever an item is selected, the
previously selected item is deselected.
MultipleSelectionListBox: The user can select one or
more items from a list. Whenever an item is selected, it is
added to the list of selected items.

Draw an inheritance diagram for the classes: Selector, ComboBox, ListBox,

SingleSelectionListBox and MultipleSelectionListBox.
[3 marks]

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8 (c)

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The Selector class has data fields Items and NumberOfItemsInList:

Items:

an array that stores the list of strings that will appear in the selector.
N
umberOfItemsInList: a number that indicates how many items there are in the
selector.
It also has a procedure that the programmer can call to add an item to the list of
strings (AddItemToList) and a procedure that is called by the operating system
whenever the user selects an item from the list (SelectItemFromList).
The Selector class does not include a procedure to display the items in the list as the
way items are displayed is different for each type of selector.
The class definition for Selector is:

Selector = Class
Public
Procedure AddItemToList
Procedure SelectItemFromList
Private
Items: Array of String
NumberOfItemsInList: Integer
End
A class is to be created for the ComboBox type of selector.
The ComboBox class needs the following additional data fields:
T
extTyped:

Stores the characters that have been typed by the user if they have
made their input by typing rather than picking an option from the list.
S
electedItemNumber: Stores the position in the list of the item that has been
selected by the user, if one has been selected.
A
llowNonListInputs: A True or False value that indicates whether the user should
be allowed to type in text that is not one of the items in the list.
The class will need to implement the operation of selecting an item from the list
differently from the way the Selector class implements this operation, but the operation
of adding an item to the list will be implemented in the same way by both of these
classes.
The class must provide subroutines to:
display

the combo box

to the operating systems notification of a key press
return the text that has been typed in
return the selected item number
s
et the value of AllowNonListInputs flag to True or False, to indicate whether or not
the user is allowed to type text that is not in the list.
respond

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Write the class definition for the ComboBox class.
[5 marks]
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9

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A Turing machine has been designed to recognise palindromic binary numbers,

ie numbers such as 101 and 0110 that read the same from left to right as from right to
left.
The machine has states SB, S0, S1, SC0, SC1, SL, SY and SN.

SB is the start state and SY and SN are the stop states.

The machine stores data on a single tape which is infinitely long in one direction. The
machines alphabet is 0, 1 and , where is the symbol used to indicate a blank cell
on the tape. The machine will enter state SY if the value represented on the tape is a
palindromic binary number, otherwise it will enter state SN.
The transition rules for this Turing machine can be expressed as a transition function .
Rules are written in the form:

(Current State, Input Symbol) = (Next State, Output Symbol, Movement)

So, for example, the rule:

(SB, 0) = (S0 , , )
means:
IF

the machine is currently in state SB AND the input symbol read from the
tape is 0

THEN

the machine should change to state S0, write a blank symbol () to the tape
and move the read/write head one cell to the right

The machines transition function, , is defined by:

(28)

(SB, 0) =
(SB, 1) =
(SB, ) =

(S0, , )
(S1, , )
(SY, , )

(SC0, 0) = (SL, ,)
(SC0, 1) = (SN, 1,)
(SC0, ) = (SY, ,)

(S0, 0) =
(S0, 1) =
(S0, ) =

(S0, 0, )
(S0, 1, )
(SC0, ,)

(SC1, 0) = (SN, 0,)

(SC1, 1) = (SL, ,)
(SC1, ) = (SY, ,)

(S1, 0) =
(S1, 1) =
(S1, ) =

(S1, 0, )
(S1, 1, )
(SC1, ,)

(SL, 0) = (SL, 0,)

(SL, 1) = (SL, 1,)
(SL, ) = (SB, ,)

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9 (a)

This Turing machine is carrying out a computation. The machine starts in state SB with
the string 101 on the tape. All other cells contain the blank symbol, (not shown).
The read/write head is located at the left hand symbol of the string and is indicated with
an upward arrow.
Trace the computation of the Turing machine, using the transition function .
Show the contents of the tape, the current position of the read/write head and the
current state as the input symbols are processed.
The initial configuration of the machine has been completed for you in step 1.
[5 marks]

1.

...

SB

7.

...

State

2.

State

8.

...

...

State

3.

State

9.

...

...

State

4.

State

10.

...

...

State

5.

11.

...
State

6.

State

...
State

...
State

Turn over

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9 (b)

Do not write
outside the
box

The three rules shown below are part of the machines transition function.
Explain what effect these three rules, taken together, have on the tape, the read/write
head and the state of the Turing machine:

(S0, 0) =
(S0, 1) =
(S0, ) =

(S0, 0, )
(S0, 1, )
(SC0, ,)

[2 marks]

............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................

9 (c)

A Universal Turing machine (UTM) is a special type of Turing machine that can be
considered to act like an interpreter.
Explain how a UTM can be considered to be an interpreter.
[2 marks]
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................

____
9

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31
10

A company operates a Local Area Network (LAN) which is used by its employees.
Figure 7 shows the topology of the LAN.
Figure 7

Segment
192.168.0

File
server

Router 1

Segment 192.168.1

File
server

A
Router 2

Gateway

C
Segment 192.168.2

Internet
Web server

10 (a)

Suggest suitable IP addresses for:

10 (a) (i)

the Router 2 port labelled A ..............................................................................................

[1 mark]

10 (a) (ii) the Router 2 port labelled B ..............................................................................................

[1 mark]

10 (a) (iii) the network adapter card in the computer labelled C ........................................................
[1 mark]

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32
10 (b)

Do not write
outside the
box

The network has been divided into segments.

Explain why networks that use a bus topology are often segmented.
[2 marks]
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................

10 (c)

Previously, employees of the company used word processing and spreadsheet

software that was installed locally on each of the individual computers on the network.
Now, employees use software with similar features as a service (SaaS). The software
runs on a web server and is accessed through the Internet.

10 (c) (i)

Explain two advantages of using software as a service instead of using software

installed locally on individual computers.
[2 marks]
Advantage 1 .......................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
Advantage 2 .......................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................

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10 (c) (ii) Explain one disadvantage of using software as a service instead of using software
installed locally on individual computers.
[1 mark]
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................

10 (d)

One difference between a Local Area Network (LAN) and a Wide Area Network (WAN)
is the area that they cover. Describe two other differences between a LAN and a
WAN.
[2 marks]

Difference 1 ........................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................

Difference 2 ........................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................

____
10

END OF QUESTIONS

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Acknowledgement of copyright-holders and publishers

Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases efforts to contact copyright-holders have been unsuccessful and AQA
will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgements in future papers if notified.
Copyright 2014 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved.

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