XT MATHS Grade 11 Functions Parabolas + Lines Memo

XT - MATHS Grade 11
Subject: Functions 1: Parabolas and Lines

Total Marks: 66
Date: 2010/06/29
1. FALSE
Explanation: A point is an ordered pair of numbers, consisting of an x- and a y-coordinate.

Only the x-coordinates were given here.
The points are:
3x2 + x = 3x + 1
2
3x - 2x - 1 = 0
(3x + 1)(x - 1) = 0
3x + 1 = 0 or x - 1 = 0
x=1
x = - or
y = 3() + 1 = 2 or
y = 3(1) + 1 = 4
So the points are (; 2) and (1; 4).
2. TRUE
Explanation: There are two ways of determining the turning point of a parabola at this stage:
Complete the square, or
Use the turning point formula
Metode 1 :
Complete the square

g( x) = 2 x
+ 4x 3
)
= 2 ( x 2 x + 1) 1 + 3
2
= 2 x
2x + 3
2
2
= 2 ( x 1 ) + 1
2
2
= 2 ( x 1) 1
2
Parabolas of the form y = a ( x p) + q have a turning point at ( p ; q ) .

Therefore, the turning point of g ( x ) is at ( 1; 1 ).
Metode 2 : Use the turning point formula
For the general parabola with equation y = ax
At the turning point: x =
=
+ bx + c :
b
a
4
2
= 1
Now:
2
y = 2 (1) + 4 (1) 3
= 2 + 4 3
= 1
Therefore, the turning point of g ( x ) is at ( 1; 1 ).
Because the arms of the parabola will be pointing down (as a = 2, which is smaller than 0), the turning
Page 1
point will be the maximum point of the parabola.

3. FALSE
Explanation: y -intercept:
x = 0
2
y = 3x
4x 4
2
= 3(0) 4(0) 4
= 4
Therefore, the coordinates of the y -intercept are ( 0 ; 4 ).
4. B
Explanation:
Substitute the turning point into y = a ( x p )
+ q:
y = a( x 1)
6 = a( 2 1)
+ 4 .......... (1)
Now substitute the point (2 ; 6) into the equation:

+ 4
6 = a+ 4
a = 2
Substitute a = 2 into (1):
y = 2( 2 1)
+ 4
2
= 2 x 2 x + 1 + 4
= 2x 4x + 2 + 4
2
= 2x 4x + 6
5. A
Explanation: The roots of this equation are 3 and 2.
Substitute these roots into y = a ( x m ) ( x n ) :

y = a ( x 3 ) ( x ( 2) )
y = a ( x 3 ) ( x + 2 ) .......... (1)
Substitute the point ( 1; 12 ) into this equation:
12 = a ( 1 3 ) ( 1 + 2 )
12 = a ( 2 ) ( 3 )
12 = 6 a
a = 2
y = 2( x 3)( x + 2)
y = 2 x
y = 2x
x 6
2 x 12
Page 2
6. C
Explanation:
2
For y = ax + bx + c :
x =
If b
b 4ac
2a
2
< 4ac , then b 4ac < 0.
This would mean that the value under the square root sign is negative.
Thus the roots of the function are non-real, and hence the graph of the function will not cut the x-axis.
7. A
Explanation: Since the coordinates of the x -intercepts are known and since the coordinates of
the turning point are not, you need to use the formula y = a ( x m ) ( x n ) ,
where m and n are the x -intercepts of the graph.
Substitute the x -intercepts into y = a ( x m ) ( x n ) :

y = a ( x (5) ) ( x 2 )
y = a ( x + 5 ) ( x 2 ) .......... (1)
Substitute the y -intercept into this equation:
10 = a ( 0 + 5 ) ( 0 2 )
10 = a ( 5 ) ( 2 )
10 = 10 a
a = 1
[ Warning : Don't just assume a = 1! Work it out! ]

y = 1 ( x + 5) ( x 2 )
y = ( x + 5) ( x 2 )
y = x
+ 3 x 10
8. secant
Explanation: To determine whether the line is a tangent or a secant, first determine how many points of intersection
there will be between the line and the parabola.
x2 - 5x + 2 = x - 3
x2 - 6x + 5 = 0
(x - 5)(x - 1) = 0
x = 5 or x = 1
y = (1) - 3 = - 2 or
y = (5) - 3 = 2
There are two points of intersection (1; -2) and (5; 2) between the line and the curve.
So the line is a secant to the curve.
9. tangent
Explanation: To determine whether the line is a tangent or a secant, first determine how many points of intersection
there will be between the line and the parabola.
x2 + 3x - 2 = x - 3
x2 + 2x + 1 = 0
(x + 1)2 = 0
x = -1
Page 3
y = (-1) - 3 = - 4
There is only one point of intersection (-1; -4) between the line and the curve.
So the line is a tangent to the curve.
10. (0; -3)

Explanation:
2
2
In general, a parabola of the form y = a ( x p) + q has ( p ; q ) as its turning

point.
2
Hence the turning point of the function f ( x ) = 3 ( x + 1) 2 is ( 1; 2).

Because a = 3 (a < 0), the arms of the graph are pointing down.
The y -intercept of the graph:
2
f (0) = 3 (0 + 1) 2
= 5
If the graph is now vertically translated so that its turning point rests on the x -axis,
the new turning point will be ( 1; 0). Thus the graph (i.e. every point on the graph)
must be shifted 2 units up. If the old y -intercept is shifted 2 units up, the new
y -intercept will be 3.
11. maximum
Explanation: The coefficient of x2 is negative, thus the arms will be pointing down.
Therefore this function will have a maximum value.
12. (1)
( 21 ;
41
2
(2) y = 2x2 2x + 5
(3) non-real
Explanation:
(1) In the form y = a(x - p)2 + q, the turning point is given by (p; q).
The coordinates of the turning point :
1
2
; 41
Page 4
( ) +4
y = 2( x )( x ) + 4
(2)
y = 2 x
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
2
y = 2 x x +
y = 2x
y = 2x
2
2
1
4
1
2
1
+ 42
2x + 1 + 4 1
2
2
2x + 5
(3) To determine the roots we must use the quadratic formula,

as the equation y = 2x2 - 2x + 5 cannot factorise.
y = 2 x2 - 2 x + 5
b b2 4ac
2a
x=
( 2 ) ( 2 )2 4( 2 )( 5 )
2( 2 )
2 36
4
The fact that a negative value appears under the square root implies there are no real roots.
Thus the roots are non-real.
13. (1) ( 2 ; 3 )
(2) ( 2 ; 6 )
(3) f (x) = 3x2 - 12x + 18
Explanation: (1) In general, a parabola of the form y = a(x - p)2 + q has (p; q) as its turning point.
Thus the turning point of this function is (2; 3).
(2) When the graph is moved vertically, the intercepts on the axes
and the y-coordinate of the turning point will change.
The axis of symmetry will stay the same.
The y-coordinate of the turning point is 3.
If it is moved three units up: 3 + 3 = 6.
The turning point of the new function will then be ( 2 ; 6 ).
(3) Replace the turning point of the original function by the new turning point:
2
f ( x ) = 3( x 2 ) + 6
= 3( x
= 3x
= 3x
2
2
4 x + 4) + 6
12 x + 12 + 6
12 x + 18
14. (1) ( 2 ; 0 )
(2) y = - x2 - x + 6
(3) y = x2 + x - 6
Explanation: (1) The points ( 3 ; 0 ) and A are the same distance from the axis of symmetry.
The point ( 3 ; 0 ) is 2
1
2
units from the axis of symmetry.
Therefore, the x -coordinate of point A is :

Therefore, the coordinates of A are ( 2 ; 0 ).
Page 5
1 + 21 = 2
2
(2) You could use either one of two methods to find the equation of this graph.
- You could substitute the x-intercepts and the turning point into this formula:
y = a ( x m )( x n )
- The turning point can be substituted into the equation:
2
y = a( x p ) + q
y = a
( x ( ) )
y = a
(x + )
1
2
1
2
+6
1
4
25
4
Now, substitute the coordinates of any one of the x-intercepts into this equation:
y = a
(x + )
0 = a
(2 + )
0 = a
( )
0 =
25
4
25 a =
25
4
1
2
1
2
5
2
a+
25
4
25
4
25
4
25
4
a = 1
Therefore
y = 1
( x + ))
1
2
2
y = 1 x + x +
y = x
y = x
y = x
2
2
2
1
4
x +
24
4
+
1
4
25
4
25
4
25
4
x +6
(3) For a reflection about the x-axis, (x; y) becomes (x; -y).
y = -x2 - x + 6 becomes - y = -x2 - x + 6

y = x2 + x - 6
15. D
Page 6
Explanation: The coordinates of the turning point is known.
Substitute the turning point into y = a ( x p )
+ q:
y = a ( x ( 4) )
y = a( x + 4)
+0
+ 0 .......... (1)
Substitute the point ( 2 ; 8 ) into this equation:

8 = a ( 2 + 4 )
8 = a(2 )
+0
8 = 4a
a = 2
y = 2( x + 4)
+ 0
y = 2 x + 8 x + 16
y = 2 x + 16 x + 32
15 Questions, 7 Pages
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XT - MATHS Grade 11

Subject: Functions 1: Parabolas and Lines

Explanation: A point is an ordered pair of numbers, consisting of an x- and a y-coordinate.

Complete the square

Parabolas of the form y = a ( x p) + q have a turning point at ( p ; q ) .

point will be the maximum point of the parabola.

Substitute the turning point into y = a ( x p )

Now substitute the point (2 ; 6) into the equation:

Explanation: The roots of this equation are 3 and 2.

Substitute these roots into y = a ( x m ) ( x n ) :

< 4ac , then b 4ac < 0.

Substitute the x -intercepts into y = a ( x m ) ( x n ) :

Substitute the y -intercept into this equation:

[ Warning : Don't just assume a = 1! Work it out! ]

10. (0; -3)

In general, a parabola of the form y = a ( x p) + q has ( p ; q ) as its turning

Hence the turning point of the function f ( x ) = 3 ( x + 1) 2 is ( 1; 2).

The coordinates of the turning point :

(3) To determine the roots we must use the quadratic formula,

units from the axis of symmetry.

Therefore, the x -coordinate of point A is :

y = -x2 - x + 6 becomes - y = -x2 - x + 6

Explanation: The coordinates of the turning point is known.

Substitute the turning point into y = a ( x p )

Substitute the point ( 2 ; 8 ) into this equation:

Substitute a = 2 into (1):

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