Voltan Tinggi

1
PEMASANGAN VOLTAN TINGGI 11KV

1.0
H.T / L.V Comparison

1.
2.
3.
4.
Difference in tariff
Cable linkage
Size of cable
Load can be added easily
2.0 TNB Requirement

11 kV
3.3/22 kV
66 kV
1.5MVA
5MVA
20MVA
3.0 Fault level

Fault level at main board 31MVA at 11 kV
650MVA at 22 kV
350MVA at 11 kV
120MVA at 11 kV
If
350 x 106
3 x 11,000
13KA (baru)
18KA (lama)
= 18.4 kA
Fixed portion
Rated voltage - 12 kV
Continuous normal current 630A
Short circuit rating 184 rms at 11KV
4.0 CIRCUIT BREAKER

Is a mechanical switching device able to make, carry and interrupt current in a
circuit under normal condition and to carry for a specified time and to make and
interrupt current arising in a circuit under defined abnormal condition.
5.0 CIRCUIT BREAKER PARAMETERS
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
6.0
Rated normal current (A)

Making current / capacity (A)
Breaking current (KA)
Breaking capacity (KA)
Short time withstand current (KA)
Rated voltage (KV)
Opening time (ms) mula buka hingga arka habis, sepatutnya lebih cepat
dari closing time
Closing time (ms)
BREAKDOWN VOLTAGE
a. Udara
b. Hampagas -
20 kV 0.5 cm (5mm spark gap)

150 kV 0.5 cm (5mm spark gap)
OCB guna earthing truck

Voltage transformer spout perlu juga diasingkan
11KV panel maximum 19 bilangan sebaris
Safety clearance 8 6
Work clearance
3 for 11 kV
4 for 11 kV to 33 kV
4
PENCAWANG PEMBAHAGIAN UTAMA (PPU)
RMU Ring Main Unit (Unit Gegelang Utama)

OFF POINT Titik Buka
Pengasingan Secara Sectionilising
5
7.0
Additional Vector
12.7KV
6.35KV
- sefasa
- tidak sefasa
8.0 Subtractional Vector

0 KV
11KV
- sefasa
- tidak sefasa
6
9.0
SUBSTATION EARTHING
11 kV substation
33 kV substation
132 kV substation
earthing kurang 3 ohm

For 33 kV use earthing grid, earthing mat or earthing plate

9.1 PEMBUMIAN/GROUNDING/EARTHING
a.
b.
System earthing
Equipment earthing
Disambung kepada jisim am bumi dengan berkesan (effectively earth) supaya

peranti perlindungan boleh berkendali.
For wire grounded system
a.
Ground potential
V G = IF x RF
Grid potential rise (GPR)
b.
c.
d.
Pass fault current to neutral

Avoid thermal & mechanical damage
Operation of protective equipment including surge protection
Relay action
IEC approach
t 0.2 second,
VT = 600V
0.2 t 2 second,
VT = 120/t volt
t 2 second,
VT = 60 volt
Vtouch = (1.5 rho + 1000) 0.157 volt

t
Vstep = (6 rho + 1000) 0.157 volt
t
Electric arc temperature is up to 8,000 10,000 deg. C
Differential Protection Protected zone / Unit protection
Liquid Resistor
Neutral Earthing Resistor
Pilot wire protection

Merz price
voltan tetimbang
arus mengeliling (Solkor R / Rf), 33 kV
D
- differential relay
REF - restricted earth fault
SBEF - standby earth fault
Bulcholf relay
Oil temperature trip (OTT)
Oil temperature alarm (OTA)
Winding temperature trip (WTT)
Winding temperature alarm (WTA)
OTT & WTT OTA & WTA -
80% to 95%
100% to 105%
Underground Cable -
Translay 11KV
Solkor R, Rf 33KV
Overhead lines
IDMT O/C & E/F
+ IDMT O/C & E/F
Restricted Earth Fault (REF)

Device
No
Break Load
Current
No
Break Fault
Current
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Circuit
Breaker
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
F/S, S/F
Yes*
Yes
Yes
Yes
Isolator
(disconnector)
Switch
Carry Fault
Current
Yes
Make on Fault
until fuse blow
Breaking capacity
25 kA
Making
1.8 x 2 x 25 kA = 63.6 kA
Rated short time
21.9 kA for 3 saat
Rated operating duty
3 minute in MVA or kA
10
10.0TRANSFORMER
Tap Changer
OFF load tap changer
ON load tap changer
Tap changer is at primary winding
There are 5 position:
Tap 1
11,550V
Tap 2
11,275V
Tap 3
11,000V
Tap 4
10,725V
Tap 5
10,450V
Vector Group
DY11, DY1, Yy1,
Zy11
Output side lag by 30% or lead by 30%
433V
11
11.0 MENGUJI ALATUBAH

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Rintangan penebatan
Keterusan
Tekanan (HT side)
Turn ratio
Power factor test
Oil test
Penebatan (IR test)

Range: 1000V
A coil
A ke bumi
Mohm
B coil
B ke bumi
Mohm
C coil
C ke bumi
Mohm
Bacaan 100Mohm keatas dianggap baik

Keterusan
Range: paling rendah
A ke B
0 ohm
B ke C
0 ohm
C ke A
0 ohm
Bahagian Voltan Rendah

a. Rintangan penebatan, range 500V
a ke bumi
b ke bumi
c ke bumi
n ke bumi
100Mohm keatas
b. Keterusan, range paling rendah
12
a ke b :
b ke c :
c ke a :
a ke n :
b ke n :
c ke n :
Ujian nisbah (tap pada kedudukan 3)
13
12.0
UJIAN MINYAK
BS 5784 / IEC 156
Minyak:
BS 148
Penebatan untuk solid, flash over di-electric is for liquid, spark over
OLD -
Sphere 7mm diameter, distance 4mm
NEW -
Sphere 12.5mm radius, distance 2.5mm
Test 30 kV for 1 minute. What is the breakdown voltage

Ambil minyak dari bahagian bawah transformer atau conservator tank
Rehat 10 minit
Naikkan KV sehingga flash over
1. Ujian pertama
30 kV, rehat 5 minit
2. Ujian kedua
3. Ujian ketiga
4. Ujian keempat
5. Ujian kelima
6. Ujian keenam

197 kV bahagi 6 = 32.8 kV
14
Silica gel (cobalt chloride)
Test minyak tiap-tiap tahun
Asid test
1.0mg / g
Pottasium Hydroxide (KOH)
0.5mg / g
check again after 4 month
Stream-line filter for filtering oil without de-energised the transformer

Loading
Load transformer up to 80% taking into account load only up to 50%
Largest transformer is 60MVA
15
13.
PRESSURE TEST
Anything contain inductor or capacitor such as transformer or cable or motor must
be tested using DC. Only busbar, breaker or RMU are suitable for AC pressure
test.
16
14.
PENGUJIAN SISTEM PEMBUMIAN PENCAWANG
Soil resistivity test conducted if possible:

11KV sus-station
< 3 ohm
33KV sub-station
< 1 ohm
Power station
< 0.5 ohm
Earth Electrode Testing

Potentiometer principle, based on two values
C = Potential
R = V/I
C = Current
17
15.
UJIAN TEKANAN
It is a pre-commissioning test or after fault has been repaired. Test insulation
and continuity first before pressure test. The purpose of the pressure test is:
-
To ensure equipment is able to withstand the nominal or system operating

voltage
Normally done at twice the system voltage as a guide:

Standard is 2 x rated voltage + 2
Equipment to be tested are BUSBAR, TRANSFORMERM SWITCHGEAR,
CABLE
Test duration
1 minute AC at any frequency, 15 minutes DC
AC test only for busbar and switchgear
DC test only for transformers and cables because of present of inductance and
capacitance
For old equipment the test voltage may be reduced but the time has to be
longer (15 minutes)
If the cable or transformer is already connected and not possible to be
separated DC test can be applied
Between phases
Between all phases and earth
34kV for 15 minutes

25kV for 15 minutes
Screen cable does not permit phase to phase test because the screen is earth.
Screen is to make the voltage level even throughout the insulation of the
cable. Most 22kV and above cables has to be screened otherwise the
insulation thickness is very much thicker.
Note: All terminal not under test must be effectively earth.
16.
UJIAN TEKANAN KABEL

For 11 kV cable
25 kV DC 15 minutes
18
AC 1 minute (destructing test)
Between phases and earth
Fail conditions:
1. The kV could not go higher to 25 kV
2. The kV raise and then drop
3. The leakage is very high
19
15.1
UJIAN TEKANAN VACUUM CIRCUIT BREAKER

To check the integrity of the vacuum in the interrupter
Use VACUUM CHECKER (pressure test set) show green and red
If vacuum checker is not available pressure test can be used
Check the length of the break are all the same (contact gap)
If the voltage cannot go
For 11KV breaker, test at 40 kV DC for 15 minutes or 25kV AC for 1 minute
20
15.2
UJIAN TEKANAN OIL CIRCUIT BREAKER

First test:
Test all terminal to the frame/body. The breaker ON position. Check the leakage
current and taken for future reference.
Second test:
To test between phases. Circuit breaker ON position
Third test:
-
Test between IN and OUT

Circuit breaker OFF position
To make sure the gap can withstand test voltage
21
AC
1 minute
11 kV 24 kV (2 times rated voltage + 2)
= (2 x 11 kV + 2) = 24 kV
1. Uji semua punca ke frame OCB, ON position

2. Antara fasa
Breaker ON position
3. Antara MASUK dan KELUAR, OFF position
22
PROTECTION
Unit Protection
The relay only works on the different values in a current path

Types of Relays
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Attracted armature relays (movable armature)

Induction relays (IDMT)
Thermal relays (bi-metallic concept)
Mechanical relays (pressure switch, liquid level, temperature level)
Solid state relays
DC scheme available: 30V DC, 220V DC,110/220V DC
23
Base power: 1000 kVA

Z% : 4.75%
Fault level on MSB = 1 MVA
0.0475
= 21.05 MVA
Prospective 3 phase short circuit current = Fault level

3 x 415
= 21.05 x 106
3 x 415
= 30 kA
Full load current
= 1 x 106
3 x 415
1400A
The ACB or MCCB used must have trip rating equal or greater than 1400A
and short circuit breaking capacity equal or greater than 30kA
The MSB must have rated short circuit current equal or greater than 30kA for
3 seconds
Rated making capacity of the main switchboard and busbar support
= 1.5 x 2 x 30kA
= 63.63kA (peak)
1.5 is factor for fuse or circuit breaker
24
2 is conversion RMS to peak
Example 2
Z % = 5%
Fault level on MSB
= 12.5 x 106
0.05
= 25MVA
Prospective 3 phase short circuit current
Full load current
= 12.5 x 106
3 x 400
= 25MVA
3 x 415
= 2500 A
= 35 kA
= 2.5 kA
Voltage drop consideration

-
caused by large starting current of machine, heavy industries
Voltage drop = Start kVA of motor x % impedance

Rated kVA of transformer
Example
A 500 kVA transformer supplying to a 500h.p, 400V motor would have estimated
transient voltage dip during starting. The value of transformer reactance is 5.4 p.u
Calculate the value of the voltage dip in the system
KVA of the motor
= 500 x 746
0.85
= 438 kVA, round figre = 500kVA
25
Assuming starting current: 4 times

Voltage dip = 4 x 500 x 5.4%
500
= 21.6%
Acceptable value is less than 15%

It is advisable that if a transformer is supplying to a machine load with high
starting current it need to be generously oversized to at least 2 times the rated kVA
of the magnitude of the voltage dip. We can also use A.C drive as alternative.

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1

PEMASANGAN VOLTAN TINGGI 11KV

H.T / L.V Comparison

2.0 TNB Requirement

3.0 Fault level

4.0 CIRCUIT BREAKER

Rated normal current (A)

20 kV 0.5 cm (5mm spark gap)

OCB guna earthing truck

RMU Ring Main Unit (Unit Gegelang Utama)

8.0 Subtractional Vector

earthing kurang 3 ohm

For 33 kV use earthing grid, earthing mat or earthing plate

Disambung kepada jisim am bumi dengan berkesan (effectively earth) supaya

Pass fault current to neutral

Vtouch = (1.5 rho + 1000) 0.157 volt

Pilot wire protection

IDMT O/C & E/F

+ IDMT O/C & E/F

Restricted Earth Fault (REF)

until fuse blow

Rated short time

21.9 kA for 3 saat

Rated operating duty

Output side lag by 30% or lead by 30%

11.0 MENGUJI ALATUBAH

Penebatan (IR test)

Bacaan 100Mohm keatas dianggap baik

Bahagian Voltan Rendah

b. Keterusan, range paling rendah

Sphere 7mm diameter, distance 4mm

Sphere 12.5mm radius, distance 2.5mm

Test 30 kV for 1 minute. What is the breakdown voltage

30 kV, rehat 5 minit

25 kV, rehat 5 minit

35 kV, rehat 5 minit

50 kV, rehat 5 minit

30 kV, rehat 5 minit

27 kV, rehat 5 minit

Pottasium Hydroxide (KOH)

check again after 4 month

Stream-line filter for filtering oil without de-energised the transformer

PENGUJIAN SISTEM PEMBUMIAN PENCAWANG

Soil resistivity test conducted if possible:

< 0.5 ohm

Earth Electrode Testing

To ensure equipment is able to withstand the nominal or system operating

Normally done at twice the system voltage as a guide:

34kV for 15 minutes

UJIAN TEKANAN KABEL

UJIAN TEKANAN VACUUM CIRCUIT BREAKER

UJIAN TEKANAN OIL CIRCUIT BREAKER

Test between IN and OUT

11 kV 24 kV (2 times rated voltage + 2)

1. Uji semua punca ke frame OCB, ON position

The relay only works on the different values in a current path

Attracted armature relays (movable armature)

DC scheme available: 30V DC, 220V DC,110/220V DC

Base power: 1000 kVA