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    4-Cell Mediated Immunity

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    leeminhoangrybird
    This document summarizes cell mediated immunity and the role of T lymphocytes. It describes the different classes of T cells, including cytotoxic T cells and helper T cells. Antigen presenting cells are discussed, along with their role in presenting antigens to T cells via MHC molecules. The structure and function of the T cell receptor and co-stimulatory molecules are explained. The document also covers T cell activation, proliferation driven by IL-2, and the effector functions of Th1 and Th2 cells.

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    4-Cell Mediated Immunity

    Uploaded by

    leeminhoangrybird
    192 views34 pages
    This document summarizes cell mediated immunity and the role of T lymphocytes. It describes the different classes of T cells, including cytotoxic T cells and helper T cells. Antigen presenting cells are discussed, along with their role in presenting antigens to T cells via MHC molecules. The structure and function of the T cell receptor and co-stimulatory molecules are explained. The document also covers T cell activation, proliferation driven by IL-2, and the effector functions of Th1 and Th2 cells.

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    This document summarizes cell mediated immunity and the role of T lymphocytes. It describes the different classes of T cells, including cytotoxic T cells and helper T cells. Antigen presenting cells are discussed, along with their role in presenting antigens to T cells via MHC molecules. The structure and function of the T cell receptor and co-stimulatory molecules are explained. The document also covers T cell activation, proliferation driven by IL-2, and the effector functions of Th1 and Th2 cells.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    192 views34 pages

    4-Cell Mediated Immunity

    Uploaded by

    leeminhoangrybird
    This document summarizes cell mediated immunity and the role of T lymphocytes. It describes the different classes of T cells, including cytotoxic T cells and helper T cells. Antigen presenting cells are discussed, along with their role in presenting antigens to T cells via MHC molecules. The structure and function of the T cell receptor and co-stimulatory molecules are explained. The document also covers T cell activation, proliferation driven by IL-2, and the effector functions of Th1 and Th2 cells.

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    Cell Mediated Immunity

    Dr. Anita Devi K Ravindran


    MBBS, MD, Dip Cert Med Edn

    Learning Objectives
    At the end of the session, the student should be able to
    Differentiate between the cells and their role in
    humoral and cellular immunity.
    Describe the various classes of T cells and their roles.
    Enumerate the antigen presenting cells and their role
    in relation to MHC molecules.
    Describe the structure and role of T cell receptor,
    adhesion molecules and co-stimulatory molecules
    Explain the role of IL 2 in T cell proliferation and action.
    Discuss the homeostasis mechanisms which regulate T
    cell activity.

    Cell mediated immunity

    Mediated primarily by T lymphocytes.


    Principal defence against intracellular microbes.
    Has role in both innate and acquired immunity.
    Classified based on receptor- ligands and effector
    mechanisms.
    Role are highly diverse , but limited to site of
    action.
    Multi level activation is required for cell function.

    Cell
    mediated
    immunity
    vs
    Humoral
    immunity

    Types of T lymphocytes in CMI

    Para-cortical region

    Dendritic cells and macrophages as


    APC

    B cell as APC

    MHC Class I and II

    Cytotoxic T cells ( CD8)

    Helper T cells ( CD4)

    MHC classes and T cells

    APC

    Granules contain cytokines

    T cell receptor vs B cell receptor

    T cell receptor

    TCR complex

    The TCR is part of a complex signalling machinery which


    includes the TCR alpha beta dimer, the accessory
    molecules CD4 or CD8 and a signal transduction module
    made up of various chains (CD3).

    TCR and co-stimulation signals


    TCR CD4 CD3
    complex binding
    is the first signal.
    This is followed
    by more than
    one COSTIMULATORY
    SIGNALS
    Binding of CD28
    on T cell with B7
    on APC is the
    second signal

    TCR ,co-stimulator and adhesion


    molecules

    Role of costimulation in T cell activation

    T helper
    cells has
    varied
    roles

    T helper cells and their roles

    Th1 helper
    cells are the
    host
    immunity
    effectors
    against
    intracellular
    bacteria and
    protozoa
    Trigger for
    production:
    IL-12, IL-2
    Effector
    cytokine IFN-.

    Th2 helper cell


    are the host
    immunity
    effectors against
    multi-cellular
    helminths.

    Triggered by IL-4

    Effector cytokines
    : IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13

    Steps in activation of
    T lymphocytes

    Antigen recognition
    Activation
    Clonal selection
    Clonal expansion
    Clonal differentiation

    Targeted cell lysis by CD8 cells

    IL-2 is the major cytokine which stimulate the


    proliferation and activity of B cells, T cells and NK
    cells

    Role of IL 2 and IL2 receptors in T cell


    proliferation

    T cells are activated


    and thet secrete IL-2.
    They express IL-2
    receptors on their
    surface .
    The same cells
    produce more IL-2
    which then cause the
    clone to proliferate
    as well as activate
    other cells.

    Effector molecules for T cell subsets

    Migration
    of
    T effector
    cells to site

    Antibody mediated immunity


    Act on extracellular microbes
    Mediated by B lymphocytes
    Transform to plasma cells which
    are the active multiplying forms (
    high nuclear- cytoplasmic ratio)
    Secrete antibodies for action
    Transfer to others by serum
    Do not assist other cells
    Block infection & eliminate
    extracellular microbes
    Have active cells and memory cells
    Involved in Type I , II and III
    hypersensitivity
    B cells can act as antigen
    presenting cells

    Cell mediated immunity


    Act on phagocytosed microbes
    /intracellular microbes or viruses
    replicating within the cell.
    Mediated by T lymphocytes
    Require antigen to be presented via
    major histocompatibilty antigen for
    activation
    Secrete cytokines for action
    Transfer to others by lymphocytes
    T helper cells assist B cells ( T
    dependant)
    Activate macrophages to kill
    phagocytosed microbes ( T h cells)
    OR kill infected cells to eliminate
    reservoirs of infection
    2 functional classes : T helper cells
    and T cytotoxic cells
    Have active cells and memory cells
    Involved in Type IV hypersensitivity

    Control of T cell response


    Co stimulatory signals and adhesion molecules
    are required for functional activity of T cells.
    Specialised T cells for extra cellular and
    intracellular pathogens.
    APCs pre-process the antigen and concentrate
    the T cells in specialized lymphoid organs.
    Concentration of T cytotoxic cells are far less
    compared to T helper cells.

    THANK YOU

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