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    Fluids and Proppants Selection Qa&Qc in Hydraulic Fracturing

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    José Timaná
    This document discusses fluids and proppants selection and quality assurance/quality control in hydraulic fracturing. It outlines various tests performed on fluids to select the appropriate fluid, including compatibility testing, gel stability testing, and interfacial tension measurements. It also discusses proppant testing including sieve analysis, crushing resistance testing, and consolidation testing. The document concludes by describing some problems encountered in the field, such as contaminated tanks and equipment, improper additive dosing, poor materials storage, and high bacterial counts in fluids.

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    Fluids and Proppants Selection Qa&Qc in Hydraulic Fracturing

    Uploaded by

    José Timaná
    42 views41 pages
    This document discusses fluids and proppants selection and quality assurance/quality control in hydraulic fracturing. It outlines various tests performed on fluids to select the appropriate fluid, including compatibility testing, gel stability testing, and interfacial tension measurements. It also discusses proppant testing including sieve analysis, crushing resistance testing, and consolidation testing. The document concludes by describing some problems encountered in the field, such as contaminated tanks and equipment, improper additive dosing, poor materials storage, and high bacterial counts in fluids.

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    This document discusses fluids and proppants selection and quality assurance/quality control in hydraulic fracturing. It outlines various tests performed on fluids to select the appropriate fluid, including compatibility testing, gel stability testing, and interfacial tension measurements. It also discusses proppant testing including sieve analysis, crushing resistance testing, and consolidation testing. The document concludes by describing some problems encountered in the field, such as contaminated tanks and equipment, improper additive dosing, poor materials storage, and high bacterial counts in fluids.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    42 views41 pages

    Fluids and Proppants Selection Qa&Qc in Hydraulic Fracturing

    Uploaded by

    José Timaná
    This document discusses fluids and proppants selection and quality assurance/quality control in hydraulic fracturing. It outlines various tests performed on fluids to select the appropriate fluid, including compatibility testing, gel stability testing, and interfacial tension measurements. It also discusses proppant testing including sieve analysis, crushing resistance testing, and consolidation testing. The document concludes by describing some problems encountered in the field, such as contaminated tanks and equipment, improper additive dosing, poor materials storage, and high bacterial counts in fluids.

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    FLUIDS AND PROPPANTS

    SELECTION
    QA&QC IN HYDRAULIC FRACTURING
    ALBERTO MENDOZA ROJAS
    ECOPETROL S.A.-ICP

    ATW ON HYDRAULIC FRACTURING IN THE AMERICAS


    Cartagena, August 11-13 /2008

    CONTENT
    FLUIDS
    AND
    SELECTION

    PROPPANTS

    QA&QC IN FIELD
    PROBLEMS FOUNDS IN FIELD

    FLUIDS AND PROPPANTS


    SELECTION

    FLUIDS AND PROPPANTS SELECTION


    TESTS FOR FLUIDS SELECTION
    9 Fluids Compatibility
    9 Visual Wetabbility
    9 Gel Stability and break
    9 Rheology
    9 Interfacial Tension
    9 Static fluid leak-off test.
    9 Regain Permeability

    Water base fluid composition


    Bactericide
    Clays Stabilizer
    Gelifying product
    Buffers
    Surfactants
    Cross-Linkers
    Breakers:

    Enzimes / Oxidizing agents

    Flitrate controller

    Fluid - Fluid Compatibility

    GEL STABILITY

    Fresh Gel

    Gel + Pp E Stability, at = 24 hs.

    GEL BREAKING

    INTERFACIAL TENSION

    SISTEMA
    Brine A-Crude oil
    Brine B-Crude oil
    FF A-Crude oil
    FF B- Crude oil
    Organic Treatment A-FW
    Organic Treatment B-FW

    Espacio para reproducir el ttulo de la presentacin que va en la portada

    IT (Dinas/cm)
    32.8
    0.71
    4.76
    1.12
    32.17
    0.95

    10

    Gel stability/BREAKING

    Gel stability/BREAKING

    Regain Permeability
    Prepare and Restore plugs
    Prepare fluids and fracturing fluid
    Set P & T
    Measure brine Ke
    Measure oil Ke
    Measure brine Ke
    Inject organic treatment
    Inject Fracturing fluid (eventually static leak-off test)
    Shut in for x hs.
    Measure brine Ke
    Measure oil Ke

    Regain Permeability
    FF-1
    FF-2
    FF-1

    Espacio para reproducir el ttulo de la presentacin que va en la portada

    14

    PROPPANTS
    Hexion: Ceramax I, E, SB Excel.
    Carboceramics: CarboLite, Carboprop, Econoprop,
    Hydroprop.
    Santrol: Resin Coated sands:
    9 Curables and Tempered
    9 Sand: Jordan & Ottawa types.
    Saint Gobain: Bauxitas:
    9 Versaprop, Econoprop, Valuprop, Interprop.
    National sands

    BH Closure Pressures in colombia


    fields
    Field

    BHCP(psi)

    H (ft)

    Yarigui
    Cantagallo
    Llanito
    Cardales
    Piedemonte
    Acae
    Loro
    Casabe
    Sardinata
    Bonanza
    Lisama
    Orito
    Gala
    Santa Clara
    PG

    4060-6654
    2980
    4800-8500
    5600-7237
    6760-9750 / 10650-13392
    7400
    5800
    2200-2500
    8500
    1450-2045
    4593
    6500
    7300-7880
    1800
    4050-5050

    5500
    5770
    6900-7800
    8070-8132
    13700-17200
    10500
    10500
    3500
    5352
    2400-2600
    4200
    5050-7600
    7300-7800
    2500-2670
    6000-6500

    Proppant Tests

    FLUIDS AND PROPPANTS


    SELECTION
    Lab Proppant Tests
    Sieve Analysis: Proppant size
    Roundness and Sphericity
    Crushing resistance: Stress effect
    Proppant Flowback: Consolidation
    pH effect on stability.

    Sieve test
    Mnimum 90% of tested sample: Between
    designed sieves sizes.
    Not over 0.1 % total sample larger than the first
    sieve.
    Not over 1% smaller than the last sieve.
    20/40: 16, 20, 30, 35, 40, 50.

    Roundness & Sphericity

    GOOD
    BAD

    Crushing Test
    Sieve test
    Crushing:
    Stress: 7500-10000-12500-15000 psi
    Sieve test
    Sieve
    16/20
    20/40

    API PRACTICE API RP 56 y API RP 60

    Fines Max.
    (Wt %)
    25
    10

    Proppant Flowback
    Prepare Fluid and mix with proppant
    Break the fluid
    Drain excess of fluid.
    Pack rubber slevee and install endcaps.
    Confine the system
    Displace fluids at increasing flow rates
    Measure proppant recovered

    Proppant Flowback Test


    Fracturing
    Fluid

    PC

    Oven
    Proppant core

    Confining P

    Pump

    CONSOLIDATION : at 5 Days
    4500 psi - 120 oC

    CONDITIONS

    Gel + Crude oil + Proppant

    Proppant CONSOLIDATION
    Fluid
    Propant: 6 ppg
    Resin: 3 y 6 gpt
    Confine at P & T
    T: 6 & 12 h

    Resin
    Concentratin

    Cure time
    (hrs)

    Overburden
    (kN)

    Stress resistance
    (psi)

    3 gpt

    0.50

    13.8

    3 gpt

    12

    0.37

    10.1

    5 gpt

    0.36

    9.94

    5 gpt

    12

    0.37

    10.1

    pH Effect

    QA&QC In Field

    QA&QC in Field
    Equipments
    Cleanness
    Materials
    Inventory
    Storage
    Additive Quality control
    Proppant size

    QA&QC In Field
    Fluids
    > Water:
    Suspended slids, bacterias
    Turbidity, Fe++, pH, Conductivity
    > Gel
    Disolucition
    Viscosity (Fann 35A)
    Breaking
    Compatibility
    Wetabbility: Formation sand.

    QA&QC in Field
    During Pumping
    Fluid Formation
    Fluid Density (In lab)
    Eyefishes Presence.

    SOME PROBLEMS

    PROBLEMS

    Tanks in bad conditions (rusted, oil contaminated)


    to store well control brines.

    PROBLEMS

    Equipments in bad conditions (rusted, dirty).

    PROBLEMS
    Brines with high
    suspend solids,
    iron and crude
    oil content.

    PROBLEMS

    Filtration

    PROBLEMS
    Wrong Additives dosification
    Wrong materials storage

    PROBLEMS
    Poor polymer hydration: Fisheyes

    PROBLEMS

    BACTERIAS

    Anaerobios totales
    Biota total aerobia
    Microorganismos Gram (-)

    MUESTRA

    8139-1
    8139-2

    Pseudomonas

    Recuento de
    Recuento de
    Recuento de
    Aislamiento de
    microorganismos microorganismos microorganismos
    Hongos
    Bacterias/mL
    Bacterias/mL
    Bacterias/mL
    Bacterias
    BSR
    Agar Malta
    Productoras de Caldo Tioglicolato
    cido
    1
    108
    107
    Negativo
    10 (parcial)
    6
    9
    9
    10
    10
    Negativo
    10 (parcial)

    BSR 104 bact/mL are responsible of active microbiologic corrosion processeses.

    PROBLEMS

    Bacterias in KCl Brines

    PROBLEMS
    CRUSHING

    PROBLEMS

    Dirty pipes

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