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    Seizure Drugs

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    Bwat
    Physiology of epilepsy is not fully understood and involves an imbalance of inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters. Treatment aims to suppress symptoms through anti-convulsant medication, though it is not curative. Choosing an anticonvulsant balances reducing seizures, avoiding side effects, and maintaining normal life adjustments. Common anticonvulsants include valproic acid, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, and benzodiazepines which augment GABA effects to treat epilepsy, anxiety, and related conditions.

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    Seizure Drugs

    Uploaded by

    Bwat
    115 views3 pages
    Physiology of epilepsy is not fully understood and involves an imbalance of inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters. Treatment aims to suppress symptoms through anti-convulsant medication, though it is not curative. Choosing an anticonvulsant balances reducing seizures, avoiding side effects, and maintaining normal life adjustments. Common anticonvulsants include valproic acid, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, and benzodiazepines which augment GABA effects to treat epilepsy, anxiety, and related conditions.

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    Seizure Drugs

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    Physiology of epilepsy is not fully understood and involves an imbalance of inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters. Treatment aims to suppress symptoms through anti-convulsant medication, though it is not curative. Choosing an anticonvulsant balances reducing seizures, avoiding side effects, and maintaining normal life adjustments. Common anticonvulsants include valproic acid, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, and benzodiazepines which augment GABA effects to treat epilepsy, anxiety, and related conditions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    115 views3 pages

    Seizure Drugs

    Uploaded by

    Bwat
    Physiology of epilepsy is not fully understood and involves an imbalance of inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters. Treatment aims to suppress symptoms through anti-convulsant medication, though it is not curative. Choosing an anticonvulsant balances reducing seizures, avoiding side effects, and maintaining normal life adjustments. Common anticonvulsants include valproic acid, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, and benzodiazepines which augment GABA effects to treat epilepsy, anxiety, and related conditions.

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    Seizure Drugs

    Physiology of Epilepsy is not completely understood


    Electrical disturbance
    Imbalance of GABA (inhibitory) & Glutamante (excitatory)
    Tx is NOT curative, but meds suppress the symptoms
    Goal of tx is monotherapy
    Anti-convulsants drugs are teratogenic
    Begin folic acid 6 mo prior to p-word
    In NYS must be seizure free for 1 yr to drive (3 mo trial if aura or known cause)
    Need medical justification yearly blood level
    Choosing an anticonvulsant
    3 Objectives:
    Seizures to maximum extent possible
    Avoid chronic drug-related adverse effects
    Maintain nml psychosocial & vocational adjustment
    Medication
    Caramazepine
    (Tegretol)
    Oxycarbazepine
    (Trileptal)
    Eslicarbazepine
    (Aptiom)

    Refinamide (Banzel)
    Phytoin (Dilantin)

    Phenobarbital

    Primidone (Mysoline)

    Notes
    -Not effective against absence szs
    -Metabolized by carbamazepime-10
    -Transiet rash 5% of people- can be life threatening
    -ADJUNT only
    -Less toxicity and no blood monitoring
    -Indicated for partial onset seizures
    risk SI & aggressive behavior
    risk life-threatening rash
    Monitor K and CL levels
    -ADJUNT in Lennox Gastaut Syndrome only
    -Not effective against absence szs
    -Prime use is post-traumatic seizures (tx 3w then d/c)
    -Also used in elderly
    -SE- gingival hyperplasia
    -GABA-mediated inhibition
    -Indicated in febrile seizures
    -Causes excessive drowsiness in adults & hyperactivity in kids
    -Physical dependence is common with chronic use
    -Teratogenic- difficult to wean an infant off phenobarb (resp
    supp and HOTN)
    Lead to Folate & Vit D

    Trimethadione
    (Tridione)
    Valproic Acid
    (Depakote)

    Gabapentin
    (Neurontin)

    Pregabalin (Lyrica)

    Ethosuximide
    (Zarontin)
    Lamotrigine
    (Lomictal)

    Ezogabine (Potiga)

    Vigabatrin (Sabril)

    Tiagabine (Gabitril)
    Lacosamide
    (Vimpat)
    Topiramate
    (Topamax)
    Zonisamide
    (Zonegran)
    Leviteracetam
    (Keppra)

    Perampanel
    (Fycompa)

    -Effective for absence


    -Broadest spectrum of antiepileptics
    -Successful as monotherapy in 80% of patients
    -Enhances GABA-ergic tones
    -SE- sedation, n/v/d, elevated liver enzymes in >40%
    -Related to GABA
    -ADJUNT only
    -less bioavailability w/ a single dose
    -SEs- fatigue, edema, wt, vasodilation, somnolence,
    dizziness, HA, benign leukopenia, confusion at higher doses
    er potency than gaba
    -For neuropathic pain
    + trigger point pain
    -for absence seizures
    -Combod with other kid while waiting for drug levels
    -Adjunt therapy
    -SEVERE LIFE-THREATENING RASH
    -Interferes with folate mechanism
    -Teratogenic
    -ADJUNCT
    -risk of retinal pigment dystrophy
    Must have failed all other txs first
    -ADJUNCT
    -Significant, irreversible RF of vision loss
    -Restricted distribution
    -ADJUNCT
    Monitor for SI
    -Contra in hepatic insufficiency
    -Cardiac, heptatic & psych warnings
    -Wt
    -Adjunct for seizures, neuropathic pain and migraine HAs
    -Sulfa derivative
    -EXTREMELY SAFE
    -Indicated for partial onset (okay in infants), myoclonus
    -Adjunct for generalized seizures
    -potential for HA management
    BBW- aggressive behavior & SI (need to monitor for 1 mo post
    d/c)

    Benzos- Tx of epilepsy, anxiety for sedation and sleep induction


    Augment effects of GABA
    Each Benzo acts more selectively @ certain sites for specific indications of
    use
    Lorazepam (Ativan)
    Clonazepam
    (Klonopin)
    Diazepam (Valium)
    Chlordiazepoxide
    (Librium)
    Clobazam (Onfi)

    Tx status epilepticus
    life 8-24h
    Tx partial & absence seizures, panic d/o, neuropathic pain,
    insomnia & chronic anxiety
    Enhances GABA activity in CNS
    Tx skeletal muscle relaxation, ED procedures, DTs, status
    epilepticus, insomnia & amnesia
    Short-term tx of anxiety & alcohol w/drawl
    Tx epilepsy
    Life threatening skin rxn xan occur in 1st 8w of tx

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