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    American Revolution

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    JagadeeshTJ
    The American Revolution began in the late 1770s and resulted in independence for the 13 American colonies from Great Britain. Several factors contributed to the start of the revolution, including economic burdens imposed by Britain like new taxes, a lack of representation of the colonies in British parliament, and intellectual developments that promoted ideas of equality, autonomy, and nationalism. The immediate triggers of the revolution were the British government's punitive response to the Boston Tea Party and the formation of the Continental Congress. After years of conflict, the colonies declared independence in 1776 and, with assistance from France and Spain, ultimately defeated Britain in 1783.

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    American Revolution

    Uploaded by

    JagadeeshTJ
    231 views5 pages
    The American Revolution began in the late 1770s and resulted in independence for the 13 American colonies from Great Britain. Several factors contributed to the start of the revolution, including economic burdens imposed by Britain like new taxes, a lack of representation of the colonies in British parliament, and intellectual developments that promoted ideas of equality, autonomy, and nationalism. The immediate triggers of the revolution were the British government's punitive response to the Boston Tea Party and the formation of the Continental Congress. After years of conflict, the colonies declared independence in 1776 and, with assistance from France and Spain, ultimately defeated Britain in 1783.

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    The American Revolution began in the late 1770s and resulted in independence for the 13 American colonies from Great Britain. Several factors contributed to the start of the revolution, including economic burdens imposed by Britain like new taxes, a lack of representation of the colonies in British parliament, and intellectual developments that promoted ideas of equality, autonomy, and nationalism. The immediate triggers of the revolution were the British government's punitive response to the Boston Tea Party and the formation of the Continental Congress. After years of conflict, the colonies declared independence in 1776 and, with assistance from France and Spain, ultimately defeated Britain in 1783.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    231 views5 pages

    American Revolution

    Uploaded by

    JagadeeshTJ
    The American Revolution began in the late 1770s and resulted in independence for the 13 American colonies from Great Britain. Several factors contributed to the start of the revolution, including economic burdens imposed by Britain like new taxes, a lack of representation of the colonies in British parliament, and intellectual developments that promoted ideas of equality, autonomy, and nationalism. The immediate triggers of the revolution were the British government's punitive response to the Boston Tea Party and the formation of the Continental Congress. After years of conflict, the colonies declared independence in 1776 and, with assistance from France and Spain, ultimately defeated Britain in 1783.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 5

    AMERICAN REVOLUTION

    ##prepare a sequence of events on all chapters of history


    By the end of 1775, british had 13 colonies in America. 90% of the population was
    british, while rest were of dutch, german, French and Portuguese origin
    Northern and mid colonies were agriculturally developed. Southern were
    dependent on agriculture
    Why Europeans stayed/migrated to America.. read pg 94.. jain and mathur
    Important centers of revolution: boston, new York, james town, Philadelphia
    Ref pg 111 JnM,
    CAUSES OF THE REVOLUTION
    Ref pg 97 JnM
    1) Ideas and principles
    1. Equality (with british) and amongst themselves
    2. autonomy for themselves
    3. education, journalism and thinkers contributed greatly to the
    development of the intellectual awareness.. Many famous universities
    had already been established in America on the eve of the revolution
    like Princeton, yale etc. A spirit of nationality was cultivated by them
    a. Benjamin franklin had established the American philosophical
    society
    b. Thomas Penn wrote common sense. This book asserted that
    Americans severe their relation with british
    c. Other scholars: Thomas Jefferson(chief protagonist of
    democratic view point), Samuel adams
    2) Economic causes
    1. Planters of southern states were burdened by debt of british money
    lenders
    2. Due to the aftermath of the 7 year war, british imposed new taxes on
    the colonies. Colony people (colonists) opposed by raising the slogan
    no taxation without representation

    3. Extensive trading privileges were provided to trading companies. The


    only importance of the colonies was that certain raw materials like
    tobacco , sugar, wood were procured from them. English did not take
    any interest in administration of the colonies
    4. Navigation laws: England made it imperative for the colonies that they
    conduct their business operations through british ships only
    5. Trading regulations: some commodities like tobacco, wood, rice had to
    exported to England only
    6. Industrial regulations suppressed some industries
    7. NEW TAXES
    a. Stamp act: levied stamp duty
    b. Sugar act: ref pg 101 JnM
    c. Quartering act: ref pg 101 JnM
    d. Townshends tax project: levied custom duties on tea etc which
    were imported by america
    3) Socio-political
    1. Middle class hated the privileges and luxuries enjoyed by the colonial
    administrators. It was an awakened class
    2. No representation of colonies in the british parliament
    3. Defective administrative system
    4. Impact of the seven year war. Ref pg 100 Jn

    IMMEDIATE CAUSES
    1) Lord Norths Tea Policy led to Boston tea party ref pg 105 JnM
    2) Boston tea party led to formulation of suppressing laws by lord North and George
    III.. boston port was put on embargo until the damages had been paid for the tea
    party act. This meant economic ruin of boston.
    3) Intercontinental conference of congress.. ref pg 106 JnM
    Declaration of independence on 4th july 1776... ref pg 106 JnM
    French, Spanish, Holland declared war on british. French participation was
    a turning point in the war. War ended in 1783
    Paris pact
    1. Britain granted independence to American colonies

    2. French and Spanish also made territorial gains


    CONSTITUTION OF AMERICA
    1)
    2)
    3)
    4)

    Federalism for the first time


    Secular for the first time
    Democracy
    Bill of rights
    1. Freedom of speech and life
    2. Right to get justice according to law
    3. Right to property

    CAUSES OF FAILURE OF THE ENGLISH


    1)
    2)
    3)
    4)
    5)

    English underestimated the strength of Americans


    Solid organization of American patriots and disorganization of loyalists
    Absence of local cooperation for british
    Able generalship of George Washington.
    Guerilla warfare by patriots

    IMPORTANCE OF AMERICAN REVOLUTION


    1) Political ideas
    1. Federalism for the first time
    2. Secular for the first time
    3. Democracy
    2) First defeat to imperialism
    3) Placed the doctrine of nationalism before human society
    4) American society after the revolution, realized the great importance of education
    5) It removed all restrictions that came in way of growth of capitalist economy
    6) Agriculture and industry of America flourished
    7) Powers of british king were curtailed and those of parliament enhanced following
    a strong demand in britain after the defeat in war
    8) Inspired French revolution
    9) Inspired freedom struggles in latin America against spain and Portugal
    10) Inspired nationalist movements In Ireland, Italy, germany
    11) Effect on india.. ref pg 114 JnM

    FREEDOM STRUGGLE OR REVOLUTION?? ## need more on this


    Revolution because
    1) Slavery .. ref pg 111,112 JnM
    2) Social struggle against traditional rights of the aristocracy. loyalist Land was
    redistributed
    3) Political ideas it gave birth to: federalism, secularism, equality, individualism

    Mercantilism is an economic doctrine based on the theory that a nation benefits by


    accumulating monetary reserves through a positive balance of trade, especially
    of finished goods. Mercantilism dominated Western European economic policy and
    discourse from the 16th to late-18th centuries.[1] Mercantilism was a cause of frequent
    European wars in that time and motivated colonial expansion. Mercantilist theory varied
    in sophistication from one writer to another and evolved over time. Favours for
    powerful interests were often defended with mercantilist reasoning.
    High tariffs, especially on manufactured goods, are an almost universal feature of
    mercantilist policy. Other policies have included:

    Building a network of overseas colonies;

    Forbidding colonies to trade with other nations;

    Monopolizing markets with staple ports;

    Banning the export of gold and silver, even for payments;

    Forbidding trade to be carried in foreign ships;

    Export subsidies;

    Promoting manufacturing with research or direct subsidies;

    Limiting wages;

    Maximizing the use of domestic resources;

    Restricting domestic consumption with non-tariff barriers to trade.

    Mercantilism in its simplest form was bullionism, but mercantilist writers emphasized
    the circulation of money and rejected hoarding. Their emphasis on monetary metals
    accords with current ideas regarding the money supply, such as the stimulative effect of
    a growing money supply. Specie concerns have since been rendered moot by fiat
    money and floating exchange rates. In time, the heavy emphasis on money was
    supplanted by industrial policy, accompanied by a shift in focus from the capacity to
    carry on wars to promoting general prosperity. Mature neomercantilist theory
    recommends selective high tariffs for "infant" industries or to promote the mutual
    growth of countries through national industrial specialization. Currently, advocacy of
    mercantilist methods for maintaining high wages in advanced economies are popular
    among workers in those economies, but such ideas are rejected by most policymakers
    and economists

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