UNIT-2 BUSINESS COMMUNICATION

REQUIREMENT OF EFFECTIVE ORAL COMMUNICATION

Oral Communication is the ability to talk with others to give and exchange
information & ideas, such as: ask questions, give directions, coordinate work tasks,
explain & persuade.
How we use this skill
greeting people and taking messages

reassuring, comforting or persuading

seeking information & resolving conflicts

facilitating or leading a group

Make a good set of notes you can follow at a glance, and PRACTICE your
presentation.
Dress for the occasion and tidy yourself up. Do something about hair that
tends to fall into your face. Avoid wearing a hat or cap because it can obscure
your face.
Arrange the environment to suit your presentation and get rid of distractions
erase needless information from the boards, turn off equipment you're not
going to use, close or open windows, blinds, and doors to aid audience
visibility, hearing, and comfort. Turn on enough light so people can
adequately see you, your eyes, and your facial expressions.
Check the operation of audiovisual equipment before your presentation. Have
a backup plan in case it fails.
Make sure your notes and other materials are in proper order before you
begin.
Get rid of any gum or food you might have in your mouth. Don't hold a pen or
paper clip or anything else that you might twiddle and distract your listeners.
Stand or sit up straight with your weight balanced. Avoid slumping, twisting,
or leaning on the lectern, table, or computer console. Don't stand in the light
from the projector.
Make eye contact before you start to speak, as you normally do in beginning a
conversation.
Don't start with "um" or "okay."
Talk to your listeners as if you are having a conversation with them.

o Make plenty of genuine eye-to-eye contact with members of the audience.

o Avoid merely reading your presentation.
o Focus on sharing your ideas. Communicate.
Use your voice expressively and meaningfully.
o Minimize the uhs, ums, likes, and y'knows.
o Enunciate words clearly. Don't mumble or garble them.

o Speak with appropriate loudness and speed. Consider audience, place, and topic.
o
Use variations in speed, inflections, and force to enhance your meaning and hold
audience attention. Avoid monotony.
Use your body expressively and meaningfully.
o Look interested in your topic. Show your enthusiasm, sincerity, commitment.
o Minimize distracting mannerisms and aimlessly shifting weight or moving about.
o
Use gesture and movement naturally to describe things, underscore transitions,
and emphasize points.

REQUIREMENT OF EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION

AUDIO-VISUAL

At some point in your academic or professional life, youll have to stand in front of
people and give a talk about a subject, and quite often, youll be asked to prepare
visual materials to accompany your talk. You might prepare handouts, but odds
are, youll be asked to prepare materials that you can project on a video screen.
The classic version of these projected materials is the overhead transparency, a
thin sheet of clear plastic that you can run through a laser printer or write on with
special markers; this medium is slowly disappearing, but its still around.
Sometimes, you might be able to prepare paper documents and project them to a
screen via a document camera, but doc cams arent entirely common, and they can
only present static images. Instead, youll usually be asked to create a dynamic
presentation using software such as PowerPoint, Prezi, or Keynote. Many other
programs exist, including what Google has to offer, but these are the three most
common presentation programs.
Each program has its own special abilities and strengths, but they all share
common basic principles that you can manipulate to create memorable, effective,
and interesting presentations. Here, youll learn basic principles to

select an effective presentation format

choose readable typefaces

place visual elements onscreen

choose colors

select appropriate backgrounds

choose visual and audio effects

deliver a memorable, effective presentation

REQUIREMENT OF EFFECTIVE VISUAL COMMUNICATION

10 Tips For Designing Effective Visual Communication

Without good design, even the best, most compelling story is lost. Follow these
design best practices to ensure that your visual communication is both beautiful
and effective.
1. COLOR Use no more than five colors in a single layout. Color should be used
sparingly to highlight important information.
2. TYPOGRAPHY All fonts should be legible and appropriate for the
communication style.
3. LAYOUT Present content in a way that guides readers through in a logical
hierarchy. Aligning the elements in a layout with each other will help maintain
consistency.
4. CALLOUTS Use callouts sparingly to highlight only key information.
5. SPACE Keep significant negative space. When too much information is in a
layout, messaging becomes cluttered and incoherent.
6. ILLUSTRATION Illustration should match tone and subject matter. Only include
if it enhances the content.
7. ICONOGRAPHY Icons should be simple, easy to understand and universal;
theyre meant to enhance comprehension, never distract.
8. DATA Dont overwhelm the reader with multiple graphs of single data points
when one combined will suffice.
9. PROPORTION The eye can be deceiving; make sure items are appropriately
sized in data visualizations so as not to skew data.
10. SIMPLICITY Avoid unnecessary design, including 3D charts, ornamental
illustration or extraneous elements.

REQUIREMENT OF EFFECTIVE NON-VERBAL

COMMUNICATION

1. Pay Attention to Nonverbal Signals

People can communicate information in numerous ways, so pay attention to things
like eye contact, gestures, posture, body movements, and tone of voice. All of these
signals can convey important information that isn't put into words.

By paying closer attention to other people's unspoken behaviors, you will improve
your own ability to communicate nonverbally.

2. Look for Incongruent Behaviors

If someone's words do not match their nonverbal behaviors, you should pay careful
attention. For example, someone might tell you they are happy while frowning and
staring at the ground.
Research has shown that when words fail to match up with nonverbal signals, people
tend to ignore what has been said and focus instead on unspoken expressions
of moods, thoughts, and emotions.

3. Concentrate on Your Tone of Voice When Speaking

Your tone of voice can convey a wealth of information, ranging from enthusiasm to
disinterest to anger. Start noticing how your tone of voice affects how others respond
to you and try using tone of voice to emphasize ideas that you want to communicate.
For example, if you want to show genuine interest in something, express your
enthusiasm by using an animated tone of voice.

4. Use Good Eye Contact

When people fail to look others in the eye, it can seem as if they are evading or trying
to hide something. On the other hand, too much eye contact can seem
confrontational or intimidating.
While eye contact is an important part of communication, it's important to remember
that good eye contact does not mean staring fixedly into someone's eyes. How can
you tell how much eye contact is correct? Some communication experts recommend
intervals of eye contact lasting four to five seconds
5. Ask Questions About Nonverbal Signals
If you are confused about another person's nonverbal signals, don't be afraid to ask
questions. A good idea is to repeat back your interpretation of what has been said

and ask for clarification. An example of this might be, "So what you are saying is
that..."
6. Use Signals to Make Communication More Effective and Meaningful
Remember that verbal and nonverbal communication work together to convey a
message. You can improve your spoken communication by using body languagethat
reinforces and supports what you are saying. This can be especially useful when
making presentations or when speaking to a large group of people.
7. Look at Signals as a Group
A single gesture can mean any number of things, or maybe even nothing at all. The
key to accurately reading nonverbal behavior is to look for groups of signals that
reinforce a common point. If you place too much emphasis on just one signal out of
many, you might come to an inaccurate conclusion about what a person is trying to
communicate.
8. Consider Context
When you are communicating with others, always consider the situation and the
context in which the communication occurs. Some situations require more formal
behaviors that might be interpreted very differently in any other setting.
Consider whether or not nonverbal behaviors are appropriate for the context. If you
are trying to improve your own nonverbal communication, concentrate on ways to
make your signals match the level of formality necessitated by the situation.
9. Be Aware That Signals Can be Misread
According to some, a firm handshake indicates a strong personality while a weak
handshake is taken as a lack of fortitude. This example illustrates an important point
about the possibility of misreading nonverbal signals. A limp handshake might
actually indicate something else entirely, such as arthritis.
Always remember to look for groups of behavior. A person's overall demeanor is far
more telling than a single gesture viewed in isolation.

10. Practice, Practice, Practice

Some people just seem to have a knack for using nonverbal
communicationeffectively and correctly interpreting signals from others. These
people are often described as being able to "read people."
In reality, you can build this skill by paying careful attention to nonverbal behavior
and practicing different types of nonverbal communication with others. By noticing
nonverbal behavior and practicing your own skills, you can dramatically improve your
communication abilities.

UNIT-1 ESSENTIALS OF GOOD ENGLISH

Suffixes are placed after words to modify their meanings; like prefixes, they are
groups of letters that rarely serve a purpose unless attached to a word. Here is a list
of some of them to give you an idea of how to identify suffixes.
Suffix

Meaning

Examples

-able/-ible

capable of

portable, legible

-ac/-ic

like/related to

cardiac, Nordic

-acy

state/quality of
being

privacy, legitimacy

-acious/-icious

full of

gracious, malicious

-al

related to

logical,
philosophical

-ance/-ence

state/quality of
being

maintenance,
permanence

-dom

state/quality of
being

freedom, kingdom

-eer/-er/-or

person who

mountaineer,

writer, counsellor
-escent

becoming, to be

adolescent,
fluorescent

-esque

like/reminiscent of

picturesque,
Kafkaesque

-fy

to make

magnify, electrify

-iferous

containing, yielding

vociferous,
carboniferous

-ise

make, become

civilise, terrorise

-ish

having qualities of

hellish, fiendish

-ism

doctrine, belief,
practice

favouritism,
communism

-ist

person who

chemist, florist

-ity

state/quality of
being

ingenuity, oddity

-less

without

brainless, endless

-ment

state/quality of
being, result of
action, process

enjoyment,
embankment,
abridgement

-ness

state of being

thinness,
loneliness

-oid

like

celluloid, ovoid

-ose

full of

adipose, verbose

-osis

condition

hypnosis,
psychosis

-ous

full of

illustrious,
nauseous

friendship,
membership

-ship

position held

-sion/-tion

state/quality of
being

-tude

state/quality of
being

fortitude, certitude

-y

characterised by

funny, greedy

LIST OF ANTONYMS
Above Below
Absent Present
Achieve Fail
Add Subtract
Afraid Confident
After Before
Amateur Professional
Ancient Modern
Argue Agree
Arrive Depart
Arrogant Humble
Ascend Descend
Attack Defend
Awake Asleep
Bad Good
Beautiful Ugly
Before - After
Better Worse

torsion,
transition

Big Little
Birth Death
Black White
Blunt Sharp
Bold Timid
Brave Cowardly
Brief Long
Bright Dull
Busy Idle
Buy Sell
Cautious Careless
Cheap Expensive
Clean Dirty
Close Open
Cold Hot
Complex Simple
Compliment Insult
Cool Warm
Crazy Sane
Crooked Straight
Cruel Kind
Dark - Light
Day - Night
Deep Shallow
Decrease Increase
Demand - Supply

Destroy Create
Divide Unite
Down - Up
Drunk Sober
East West
Easy Difficult
End Begin
Even Odd
Evening Morning
Expand Contract
Fail Pass
False True
Fat Skinny
Fiction Fact
Float - Sink
Follow Lead
Foolish - Wise
Forgive Blame
Freeze - Boil
Full Empty
Generous Stingy
Gentle Rough
Giant - Dwarf
Give Receive
Gloomy Cheerful
Grief Joy

Guilty - Innocent
Happy Sad
Hard Soft
Heaven Hell
Heavy Light
High Low
Hire - Fire
Huge Tiny
Hungry - Full
Idle Active
In Out
Include - Exclude
Individual Group
Innocent Guilty
Inside Outside
Joy Sadness
Kind Cruel
Knowledge Ignorance
Last First
Laugh Cry
Less More
Lie Truth
Like Dislike
Likely Unlikely
Liquid Solid
Lonely Crowded

Long Short
Loose Tight
Lost Found
Love Hate
Major Minor
Man Woman
Marvelous Terrible
Mature Immature
Maximum - Minimum
Mix Separate
Moist Dry
More Less
Most Least
Move Stay
Near Far
Never Always
New Old
Noisey Quiet
None All
North South
Nothing Something
Now Then
Obvious Hidden
Odd Even
Often Seldom
Old Young
On Off
Optimist - Pessimist

Ordinary Extraordinary
Over Under
Pain Pleasure
Panic Calm
Partial Complete
Passive Active
Peace - War
Permanent Unstable
Play Work
Plentiful Sparse
Polite Rude
Poor Rich
Positive Negative
Powerful Weak
Praise Criticism
Pride Modesty
Private Public
Problem Solution
Profit Loss
Quality Inferiority
Quick Slow
Raise Lower
Random Specific
Rare Common
Raw Cooked
Regret Rejoice
Remember Forget
Right Wrong
Rigid Flexible
Rise Sink

Rough Smooth
Rude Polite
Same Different
Segregate Integrate
Seldom Often
Sell Buy
Send Receive
Shame Honor
Short Long
Show Hide
Simple - Complicated
Single Married
Sour Sweet
Spend Earn
Start Stop
Started Finished
Stay Leave
Stif Flexible
Stop Go
Strength Weakness
Strong - Weak
Student Teacher
Sturdy Weak
Sunny - Cloudy
Superb Inferior
Tame Wild
Teach Learn
Temporary Permanent
Thin Wide
Tidy Messy

Timid Bold
Together Apart
Top - Bottom
Toward Away
Tragic Comic
Transparent - Opaque
Triumph Defeat
True False
Union Separation
Unique Common
Upset Stabilize
Urge Deter
Vacant Occupied
Vague Definite
Vertical Horizontal
Victory - Defeat
Villain Hero
Visible - Invisible
Wax - Wane
Wealth Poverty
Well - Sick
Wet Dry
White Black
Wild Tame
Win Lose
With Without
Worthy Worthless
Young - Old

Prefixes are placed before the words to modify their meanings; like suffixes, they are
groups of letters that rarely serve a purpose unless attached to a word. Here is a list
of commonly used prefixes to give you an idea of how to identify them.
Prefix

Meaning

Examples

-a

On/in/out/from

Away, aboard,
arise, alight

-al

all

Alone, already

-be

by

Below, before

-by

Be/on the side

Bypass, byword

-for

through

forget, forgive

-fore

before

Forecast, foresee

-gain

against

Gainsay

-in

in

Inside, income

-mis

wrong

Mislead, mistake

-over

Above/beyond

overflow,
overcharge

-out

out

Outside, outcome

-to

this

Today, tonight

-un

Not/to reverse an
action

Unkind, untie

-under

below

Underground,
undersell

-with

Against/back

Withdraw, withhold

-wel

In good condition

Welcome, welfare

LIST OF SYNONYMS
Abroad - Overseas
Accord - Agreement
Admit - Confess
Agree - Consent
Alike - Same
Allow - Permit
Amount - Quantity
Angry - Mad
Answer - Response
Ask - Inquire
Attire - Dress
Away - Absent
Awful - Terrible
Baby - Infant
Beautiful - Pretty
Becoming - Fitting
Beg - Implore
Begin - Commence
Belly - Stomach

Big - Large
Bizarre - Weird
Blank - Empty
Brave - Bold
Broad - Wide
Bucket - Pail
Busy - Active
Calamity - Disaster
Candy - Sweets
Center - Middle
Change - Transform
Chiefly - Mainly
Choosy - Picky
Close - Shut
Collect - Gather
Complete - Total
Confine - Restrict
Confuse - Mixed Up
Considerate - Thoughtful
Contrary - Opposite

Correct - Right
Cunning - Clever
Dash - Sprint
Daybreak - Dawn
Dedicated - Committed
Deliberate - Planned
Delicate - Fragile
Destiny - Fate
Disclose - Reveal
Discount - Reduction
Disgrace - Shame
Eager - Keen
Elevate - Raise
Enormous - Huge
Enquire - Investigate
Evaluate - Assess
Evil - Bad
Exactly - Precisely
Except - Apart From
Exit - Leave

Extra - Additional
Fair - Unbiased
False - Untrue
Famous - Renowned
Fantastic - Great
Fast - Quick
Finish - Complete
Formerly - Previously
Fortunate - Lucky
Fun -Entertaining
Function -Operate
Funny - Amusing
Garbage - Trash
Get - Receive
Glad - Happy
Glitter - Sparkle
Good - Fine
Grab - Seize
Grumble - Grouse
Hall - Corridor

Handsome - Good Looking

Happily - Fortunately
Hard - Difficult
Hazard - Danger
Help - Assist
Hint - Tip
Huge - Enormous
Hurt - Injure
Hurry - Rush
Ignore - Snub
Ill - Sick
Imitate - Mimic
Immediate - Instantly
Impact - Affect
Impartial - Neutral
Important - Significant
Inconsiderate - Thoughtless
Infamous - Notorious
Infect - Contaminate
Informal - Casual

Innocent - Harmless
Inspect - Examine
Instructions - Directions
Insufficient - Inadequate
Intellectual - Mental
Intelligent - Smart
Intend - Mean
Inventory - Stock
Invoice - Bill
Jealous - Envious
Job - Work
Joy - Delight
Kid - Child
Kind - Benevolent
Learn - Memorize
Lethal - Deadly
Listen - Hear
Little - Small
Lots - Many
Loving - Fond

Loyal - Faithful
Lucid - Clear
Mad - Crazy
Make - Build
Maintain - Preserve
Maybe - Perhaps
Meeting - Assembly
Mild -Gentle
Misery - Distress
Modern - Contemporary
Movie - Film
Native - Local
Necessary -Essential
Near - Close
New - Recent
Nice - Pleasant
Noon - Midday
Notify - Inform
Numerous - Many
Odd - Strange

Old - Mature
Ornament - Decoration
Outgoing - Friendly
Overlook - Miss
Oversee - Supervise
Part - Section
Particular - Specific
Perception - Insight
Perfect - Flawless
Possibility - Opportunity
Praise - Compliment
Provide - Supply
Quake - Tremble
Quite - Fairly
Raise - Lift
Real - Genuine
Receive - Get
Regret - Remorse
Reliable - Dependable
Remark - Comment

Renew - Resume
Respond - Reply
Rest - Relax
Rich - Wealthy
Rock - Stone
Rude - Impolite
Sad - Unhappy
Safe - Secure
Scared - Afraid
See - Look
Select - Choose
Significant - Meaningful
Sincere - Honest
Sleepy -Drowsy
Slim - Sender
Steady - Firm
Stop - Cease
Suggest - Propose
Sure - Certain
Symbolize - Represent

Talk - Speak
Temper - Mood
Temporary - Transitory
Think - Ponder
Tiny - Small
Transform - Convert
Trustworthy -Reliable
Try - Attempt
Uncommon - Unusual
Uncooked - Raw
Under - Below
Unfortunate - Unlucky
Use - Utilize
Usually - Generally
Vague - Indistinct
Vanquish - Conquer
Vary - Differ
Vast - Huge
Want - Desire
Weak - Feeble

Withstand - Resist
Yell Shout

Punctuation
Punctuation marks are important in both written and spoken English. In written
English, the correct usage of these symbols helps to express the intended meaning
of the sentence. In spoken English, punctuation marks denote the pauses and
intonations to be used when reading aloud.
Incorrect punctuation can change the meaning of a sentence.
For instance, compare the following two sentences:
Lets eat Mom.
Lets eat, Mom.
Do you see how the usage of a comma changes the entire meaning in both the
sentences? The disappearance of comma in the first sentence indicates that the
speaker is asking to eat their Mom, which does not make sense. Whereas, the
comma after lets eat in the second sentence helps to convey the meaning that the
speaker is suggesting to their Mom to go and start eating, which sounds more
sensible and also saves a life.
Symbols of Punctuation
Some of the commonly used punctuation marks are:
Full Stop- (.) Usually used at the end of a sentence.
Question Mark- (?) Usually used at the end of an interrogative sentence to form a
question.
Comma- (,) Usually used to denote a pause in a sentence.

Exclamation Mark- (!) Used to denote shock, surprise, anger or a raised voice.
Colon (:) Used to indicate what is to follow next
Semi Colon (;) Used to link two independent clauses not joined by a conjunction or
used to separate two independent clauses in place of comma
Apostrophe- (') Used to show possession or for contraction of word.

ABBREVIATIONS
AAI Airport Authority of India
ABCDEFGHIJ American Born Confused Desi Emigrated From Gujarat, House
In Jersey
AGP Asom Gana Parishad, regional party in Assam
AI Air India, a PSU
AIADMK All-India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
AIR All India Radio, state owned radio stations
AP Andhra Pradesh; Arunachal Pradesh
ASLV Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle
BCCI Board of Cricket Control in India
BG Broad Gauge (trains or tracks (5ft. 6in. the broadest in the world)
BJP Bharatiya Janata Party, national political party, rightwing, pro-Hindu
BSP Bahujan Samaj Party, political party, promotes lower caste interests
CBI Central Bureau of Investigation (like American FBI)
CBSE Central Board of Secondary Education

Chi. Chiranjeevi, the title/salutation for a bridegroom

CII Confederation fo Indian Industry

CM Chief Minister (like American Governor
CPI Communist Party of India (historically aligned to Russian party)
CPI (M) Communist Party of India (Marxist), historically aligned to Chinese
party
CPI (ML) Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist)
CPWD Central Public Works Department; PWD of the GOI
DA Dearness Allowance, paid to compensate for inflation
DD Doordarshan, state-owned television channel
DMK Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
DoT Department of Telecommunications
DRDO Defence Research and Development Organisation
EMU Electric Multiple Unit
FC Forward Caste

 FM Finance Minister
GoI Government of India
GSLV Geostationary Launch Vehicle
HC High Court (the highest provincial court, but lower than the federal Supreme
Court)
HP Himachal Pradesh
IAF Indian Air Force
IGNOU Indira Gandhi National Open University
IIM Indian Institute of Management
IIT Indian Institute of Technology
IMD India Meteorological Department
INSAT Indian National Satellite
IPKF Indian Peace Keeping Force, postioned in a foreign country such as Sri
Lanka
IRS Indian Remote Sensing Satellite
ISI Formerly Indian Standards Institute, renamed Bureau of Indian Standards,
ISRO Indian Space Research Organisation
LoC Line of Control (between Pakistan-Occupied Kashmir and Indian-controlled
state of Jammu & Kashmir, formerly called the Cease-Fire Line
LS Lok Sabha (lower house of Parliament)
LTTE Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam
m-cap (stock) market capitalisation
MDMK Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
MEA Ministry of External Affairs
MG Meter Gauge (trains or tracks), being phased out
MP Madhya Pradesh
NDA National Democratic Alliance
NIC : National Informatics Centre
NRI Non-Resident Indian
NSC National Savings Certificate
OBC Other Backward Classes
ONGC Oil and Natural Gas Commission
PAN Permanent Account Number (like US Taxpayer Identification Number)
PF Provident Fund (vaguely similar to US Social Security, payable as a lumpsum)

PIGS Poor Indian Graduate Student

PIL Public Interest Litigation (brought before a High Court, by a friend of the
court)
PMK Pattali Munnetra Kazhagam

PQWL Pooled Quota Wait List, Indian Railways Acronym

PSLV Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle

PSU Public Sector Unit (a company whose stock is owned largely by the
government)
PTI Press Trust of India, a news agency

 PWD Public Works Department (state civil engineering group handling roads,
bridges)

RAC Reservation Against Cancellation, Indian Railways Acronym

RAW Research & Analysis Wing (similar to US CIA)

REGRET/WL1 No More Booking Permitted, Indian Railways Acronym

RLWL- Remote Location Wait List, Indian Railways Acronym

RNRI : Returned Non Resident Indian, An NRI who has moved to his home
country
RS Rajya Sabha, upper house of Indian Parliament
RSS Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh
SAARC South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (seven countries of
South Asia)
SAIL Steel Authority of India, a public sector undertaking (PSU)
SC Supreme Court, the highest court in the country (higher than High Courts)
SC/ST Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes (Harijans or Dalits)
SEBI Securities Exchange Board of India
Sensex Sensitive Index (of the Bombay Stock Exchange), like Dow Jones
average
SP Samajwadi Party; Samata Party
ST Scheduled Tribes
TN Tamil Nadu
ULFA United Liberation Front of Asom
UP Uttar Pradesh
VHP Vishwa Hindu Parishad, a fundamentalist Hindu party, right of BJP
WB West Bengal
most important English Proverbs

This is a list of some of the most important and well-known English proverbs. Below
each one, there's a simple explanation.
The meanings of some of these phrases have shifted over the years, so a proverb
might have originally had a different meaning than the one I explain.
1.

"Two wrongs don't make a right."

When someone has done something bad to you, trying to get revenge will only make
things worse.

2.

"The pen is mightier than the sword."

Trying to convince people with ideas and words is more effective than trying to force
people to do what you want.

3.

"When in Rome, do as the Romans."

Act the way that the people around you are acting. This phrase might come in handy
when you're traveling abroad notice that people do things differently than you're used
to.

4.

"The squeaky wheel gets the grease."

You can get better service if you complain about something. If you wait patiently, no
one's going to help you.

5.

"When the going gets tough, the tough get going."

Strong people don't give up when they come across challenges. They just work
harder.

6.

"No man is an island."

You can't live completely independently. Everyone needs help from other people.

7.

"Fortune favors the bold."

People who bravely go after what they want are more successful than people who
try to live safely.

8.

"People who live in glass houses should not throw stones."

Don't criticize other people if you're not perfect yourself.

9.

"Hope for the best, but prepare for the worst."

Bad things might happen, so be prepared.

10.

"Better late than never."

It's best to do something on time. But if yo