ONLINE ASSIGNMENT

TOPIC: BOTANICAL GARDENS

SUBMITTED BY
ARYA DEVI. R. S
NATURAL SCIENCE
REG NO:18114386004
ST. THOMAS TRAINING COLLEGE

TOPIC: BOTANICAL GARDENS

INDEX

SL NO

CONTENTS

PAGE NO

INTRODUCTION

HISTORY OF BOTANICAL GARDENS

ROLE OF BOTANICAL GARDENS

2-3

ROYAL BOTANICAL GARDEN ,KEW

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TROPICAL

BOTANICAL GARDEN, KERALA

6
7
8
9
10

LLOYD BOTANICAL GARDEN

,DARJEELING
LIST OF BOTANICAL GARDENS IN
INDIA
LIST OF BOTANICAL GARDENS IN
KERALA
CONCLUSION

6-7

7
8

REFERENCES

5-6

INTRODUCTION
A botanical garden is essentially a collection of living plants maintained for pure
and applied studies. The botanical garden is a man made resource. Worldwide
there are now about 1800botanical gardens and about 150 million visitors in a year.
There are about 30 botanical gardens in India and about 3 botanical gardens in
Kerala. Botanical gardens are often run by universities or other scientific research
organizations, and often have associated herbaria and research programs in plant
taxonomy or some other aspect of botanical science. Nowadays, most botanical
gardens display a mix of the themes mentioned and more; having a strong
connection with the general public, there is the opportunity to provide visitors with
information relating to the environmental issues being faced at the start of the 21st
century, especially those relating to plant conservation and sustainability. Botanical
gardens, in the modern sense, developed from physic gardens, and its main purpose
was to cultivate herbs for medical use as well as research and experimentation.
Each botanical garden naturally develops its own special fields of interests
depending on its personnel, location, extent, available funds, and the terms of its
charter. Botanical gardens in India are Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanical
Garden and Research Institute (TBGRI), Trivandrum, Kerala (Biggest in India and
conserves the largest number of plant species in Asia),Malampuzha Garden,
Palakkad, Kerala, Jhansi Botanical Garden, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh,Odisha State
Botanical Garden Nandankanan, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, Aligarh Fort (maintained
by the Department of Botany, AMU ), Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, Lalbagh ,
Bangalore, Karnataka, The Mysore Zoo, in Mysore, Karnataka is also a botanical
garden etc.

BOTANICAL GARDENS
A botanical garden or botanic garden is a garden dedicated to the collection,
cultivation and display of a wide range of plants labeled with their botanical
names. It may contain specialist plant collections such as cacti and succulent
plants, herb gardens, plants from particular parts of the world, and so on; there may
be green houses, shade houses, again with special collections such as tropical
plants, alpine plants, or other exotic plants. Visitor services at a botanical garden
might include tours, educational displays, art exhibitions, book rooms, open-air
theatrical and musical performances, and other entertainment. Botanical gardens
are often run by universities or other scientific research organizations, and often
have associated herbaria and research programs in plant taxonomy or some other
aspect of botanical science. Nowadays, most botanical gardens were having a
strong connection with the general public; there is the opportunity to provide
visitors with information relating to the environmental issues being faced at the
start of the 21st century, especially those relating to plant conservation and
sustainability.
History of botanical gardens
The history of botanical gardens is closely linked to the history of botany itself.
The botanical gardens of the 16th and 17th centuries were medicinal gardens, but
the idea of a botanical garden changed to encompass displays of the beautiful,
strange, new and sometimes economically important plant trophies being returned
from the European colonies and other distant lands. Later, in the 18th century, they
became more educational in function, demonstrating the latest plant classification
systems devised by botanists working in the associated herbaria as they tried to
order these new treasures. Then, in the 19th and 20th centuries, the trend was
towards a combination of specialist and eclectic collections demonstrating many
aspects of both horticulture and botany. Botanical gardens, in the modern sense,
developed from physic gardens, whose main purpose was to cultivate herbs for
medical use as well as research and experimentation.
Role of botanical gardens.
A botanical garden is a controlled and staffed institution for the
maintenance of a living collection of plants under scientific management for
purposes of education and research, together with such libraries, herbaria,
laboratories, and museums as are essential to its particular undertakings.
2

Each botanical garden naturally develops its own special fields of interests
depending on its personnel, location, extent, available funds, and the terms of its
charter. It may include greenhouses, test grounds, a herbarium, an arboretum, and
other departments. It maintains a scientific as well as a plant-growing staff, and
publication is one of its major modes of expression.

In a remarkable paper on the role of botanical gardens, Ferdinand Mueller

(18251896), the director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Melbourne (1852
1873), stated, "in all cases the objects [of a botanical garden] must be mainly
scientific and predominantly instructive". He then detailed many of the
objectives being pursued by the world's botanical gardens in the middle of
the 19th century, when European gardens were at their height. availability of
plants for scientific research
display of plant diversity in form and use
display of plants of particular regions (including local)
plants sometimes grown within their particular families
plants grown for their seed or rarity
major timber trees
plants of economic significance
glasshouse plants of different climates
all plants accurately labelled
records kept of plants and their performance
catalogues of holdings published periodically

research facilities utilising the living collections

studies in plant taxonomy
examples of different vegetation types
student education
a herbarium
selection and introduction of ornamental and other plants to commerce
studies of plant chemistry (phytochemistry)
report on the effects of plants on livestock

The International Association of Botanic Gardens was formed in 1954 as a

worldwide organisation affiliated to the International Union of Biological
Sciences.
3

More recently, coordination has also been provided by Botanical Gardens

Conservation International (BGCI), which has the mission "To mobilise botanic
gardens and engage partners in securing plant diversity for the well-being of
people and the planet". BGCI has over 700 members mostly botanic gardens in
118 countries, and strongly supports the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation by
producing a range resources and publications, and by organizing international
conferences and conservation programs.
Royal Botanic Garden, Kew.

The Royal Garden at Kew were founded in 1759, initially as part of the Royal
Garden set aside as a physic garden. William Aiton (17411793), the first curator,
was taught by garden chronicler Philip Miller of the Chelsea Physic Garden whose
son Charles became first curator of the original Cambridge Botanic Garden (1762).
In 1759, the "Physic Garden" was planted, and by 1767, it was claimed that "the
Exotic Garden is by far the richest in Europe". The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
(1759) was set up to cultivate new species returned from expeditions to the tropics;
they also helped found new tropical botanical gardens. At this time, England was
importing many woody plants from North America, and the popularity of
horticulture had increased enormously, encouraged by the horticultural and
botanical collecting expeditions overseas fostered by the directorship of Sir
William Hooker and his keen interest in economic botany. At present it is under
the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food and has increased to 300 acres.The
herbarium contains 5,000,000 specimens; the arboretum 700 species. And
varieties; about 13,000 .And varieties under glass, while 8,000 herbaceous sp. Are
grown outdoor.The important publications are Kew Bulletin and Index Kewensis.

Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute,Palode,

Thiruvananthapuram.

Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute

(formerly Tropical Botanical Garden and Research Institute) renamed in the fond
memory of visionary Prime Minister of India Shri Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru is an
autonomous Institute established by the Government of Kerala on 17 November
1979 at Thiruvananthapuram, the capital city of Kerala. It functions under the
umbrella of the Kerala State Council for Science, Technology & Environment
(KSCSTE), Government of Kerala. The Royal Botanic Gardens (RBG), Kew
played an exemplary and significant role in shaping and designing the layout of the
JNTBGRI garden in its formative stages. It is one of the biggest botanical garden
in India and have largest collection of species in Asia.
The Institute undertakes research in conservation biology, Biotechnology, plant
taxonomy, microbiology, phytochemistry, ethnomedicine and ethnophamacology,
which are the main areas considered to have immediate relevance to the
development of the garden. While taxonomists prepared a flora of the garden
documenting the native plant wealth before mass introduction and face lift which
subsequently followed, the bio-technologists mass multiplied plants of commercial
importance, especially orchids for cultivation and distribution to the public.
5

JNTBGRI makes a comprehensive survey of the economic plant wealth of Kerala,

to conserve, preserve and sustainably utilize the plant wealth. The institute carries
out botanical, horticultural and chemical research for plant improvement and
utilization; and offers facilities for the improvement of ornamental plants and
propagation in the larger context of the establishment of nursery and flower trade.
Activities which help botanical teaching and to create public understanding of the
value of plant research is initiated by JNTBGRI. JNTBGRI gardens medicinal
plants, ornamental plants and various introduced plants of economic or aesthetic
value. JNTBGRI also serves as a source of supply of improved plants which are
not readily available from other agencies.
Lloyd Botanic Garden,Darjeeling.

In 1878 William Lloyd donated a piece of beautiful land with an

area full of 40 acres which was developed as a branch establishment of the Royal
Botanic Garden, Calcutta. There is good collection of exotic species from China
and Japan and representative plants from North Western India, Burma and Nilgiris.
List of Botanical Gardens in India.

Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Indian Botanic Garden, Shibpur, Kolkata

Agri Horticultural Society of India, Alipore, Kolkata
Assam State Zoo-cum-Botanical Garden, Guwahati
Botanical Garden, Near Sarangpur, Chandigarh
Empress Garden, Pune
Garden of Medicinal Plants, North Bengal University, West Bengal
Government Botanical Gardens, Ootacamund, Nilgiris district, Tamil Nadu.
6

Botanic Gardens - Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore

IFGTB Botanical Garden - The Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree
Breeding (IFGTB), Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu
Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanical Garden and Research Institute
(TBGRI), Trivandrum, Kerala (Biggest in India and conserves the largest
number of plant species in Asia).
Malampuzha Garden, Palakkad, Kerala
Jhansi Botanical Garden, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh
Odisha State Botanical Garden Nandankanan, Bhubaneswar, Odisha
Aligarh Fort (maintained by the Department of Botany, AMU ), Aligarh,
Uttar Pradesh.
Lalbagh, Bangalore, Karnataka
The Mysore Zoo, in Mysore, Karnataka is also a botanical garden.
Regional Museum of Natural History Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka
University of Mysore Botanic Garden, Mysore, Karnataka
Curzon Park, Mysore, Karnataka
Pilikula Arboretum (Pilikula Botanical Garden) at Pilikula Nisargadhama
near Mangalore, Karnataka
Botanical Garden of the Department of Applied Botany at Mangalore
University, Karnataka
Lloyd's Botanical Garden, Darjeeling, West Bengal
Saharanpur Botanical Garden, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh
Semmozhi Poonga, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
R. B. Botanical Garden and Amusement Park, Gujarat Technological
University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat
Vellayani Agricultural College, Trivandrum, Kerala
The Gara Branca Ayurvedic Botanical Garden, Loutolim, Goa.
Narendra Narayan Park at Cooch Behar, West Bengal.
Botanical Garden of India Republic, Noida, Uttar Pradesh.
List of Botanical gardens in Kerala.

Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanical Garden and Research Institute

(TBGRI), Trivandrum, Kerala (Biggest in India and conserves the largest
number of plant species in word).
Malampuzha Garden, Palakkad, Kerala .
Vellayani Agricultural College, Trivandrum, Kerala.
7

CONCLUSION

A botanical garden or botanic garden is a garden

dedicated to the collection, cultivation and display of a wide range of plants
labeled with their botanical names. It may contain specialist plant collections such
as cacti and succulent plants, herb gardens, plants from particular parts of the
world, and so on; there may be green houses, shade houses, again with special
collections such as tropical plants, alpine plants, or other exotic plants. A botanical
garden is a controlled and staffed institution for the maintenance of a living
collection of plants under scientific management for purposes of education and
research, together with such libraries, herbaria, laboratories, and museums as are
essential to its particular undertakings. Each botanical garden naturally develops its
own special fields of interests depending on its personnel, location, extent,
available funds, and the terms of its charter. It may include greenhouses, test
grounds, a herbarium, an arboretum, and other departments. It maintains a
scientific as well as a plant-growing staff, and publication is one of its major
modes of expression.

REFERENCES
1. B.P. Pandey. Taxonomy of angiosperms. S. Chand and company.
2.Botanical gardens ,en.wikipedia.org.