Solid Waste Management Code of Singapore

Asia 3R Conference
30 Oct 1 Nov 06
Integrated Solid Waste Management in Singapore
National Environment Agency

And
Ministry of the Environment & Water Resources
Singapore
Ministry of Environment
and Water Resources
(MEWR)
National Environment
Agency (NEA)
Integrated Solid Waste Management

Waste Collection
Waste Sorting, Recovery and

Recycling
Waste Transfer Station
Waste Disposal (Incineration
Plants, Sanitary Landfill)
Hazardous Substances and
Toxic Waste Management
Cleaning of Public Areas
The Solid Waste Challenge
7,000 t/d
Waste
Explosion
1,200 t/d
1970
2005
Solid Waste Management

All waste collected daily and
disposed of
90% incinerable waste and
disposed of at 4 incineration
plants
10% non-incinerable waste and
disposed of at Semakau
Offshore Sanitary Landfill
OK so far..
But future?
Challenges
Small land area
One last sanitary landfill (an

offshore landfill)
Economic growth
Population growth
Rising affluence
High consumption pattern
Higher expectations
Strategy 1 : Incineration
Volume
Reduction
One IP every 5-7 years
One landfill (350 ha) every
25-30 years
Incineration Bottom Ash (IBA)

Non-incinerable Waste
1970
2005
Traditional
Landfill
Not sustainable, if we continue

business as usual
One last sanitary landfill
High cost of building and operating IP
Sustainable Solution
Closing the Solid Waste Loop
Collection
Collection
Disposal
Disposal
MRF
MRF
Process
Process
Recycling
Recycling
Convert
Convert
Industry
Industry
Consumers
Consumers
Strategy 2 : Recycling
Recycling of Industrial Waste
Horticultural waste
Plastic waste
Wood waste
Food waste
1970
2005
Traditional
Landfill
Wood Waste Recycling

Recycling of wood waste to produce
Office furniture
Home furniture
Pallets
Shredded Wood Waste
Plastic Waste Recycling

Heating and Extrusion
Plastic Pellets
Plastic scraps
Strategy 2 : Recycling
Recycling in Community
Households
Public Places
Schools
1970
2005
Traditional
Landfill
National Recycling Programme

Recycling programme for households
launched in 2001
Collection of recyclable waste and
refuse bundled in Public
Waste Collection contracts
Door-to-door collection of recyclables
every fortnight
National Recycling Programme

Sorting in Material
Recovery Facilities
Paper
Drink cans
Glass bottles/jars
Plastic bottles
Carton boxes
Clothing
Recycling Bins at Public Places

Shopping streets
Institutions (schools, offices, etc)
Food courts
Housing estates
Strategy 3 : Reduce Waste To Landfill

Recycling of non-incinerable waste
Construction & Demolition waste
Steel slag
Reuse of IBA (under study)
TOWARDS ZERO LANDFILL
1970
2005
Traditional
Landfill
Reduce
Landfill
Construction & Demolition Waste

Recycling
Outcome
Lifespan of Semakau Landfill
25-30 years to 30-45 years
Need for additional IP
5-7 years to 8-10 years
Strategy 4 : Waste Minimisation

Minimise waste at source
Design with less packaging
Use less packaging
Use packaging that can be
recycled
TOWARDS ZERO
WASTE
1970
2005
Traditional
Landfill
Reduce
Landfill
Collection
Waste Collection System

Domestic & Trade Premises
Collection service corporatised in 1996
Fully privatisated collection service in Sep 01
Improve collection efficiency and service quality
Industrial & Commercial

Premises
By licensed general waste collectors
Medical Facilities
Separate collection and disposal by
licensed toxic waste collectors
Disposal at high temperature
biohazardous waste incineration
plants
Privatisation of
Refuse Collection Service
Ang Mo KioToa Payoh
HougangPunggol
WoodlandsYishun
Jurong
Pasir RisTampines
2
4
Bedok
Clementi
City
Tanglin-Bukit Merah
Disposal
Incineration
90% waste is disposed of by incineration
Volume of waste is reduced by 90%
Energy is recovered for electricity generation
980 million kWh electricity generated per year
2-3% of electricity demand for Singapore
Scrap metal is recovered for recycling
22,800 tonnes/year of scrap recovered
Incineration Plants
Senoko IP
Tuas IP
Tuas
South IP
Ulu Pandan
IP
Incineration Plants in Singapore

Tuas South
Incineration
Plant
Senoko
Incineration
Plant
Tuas
Incineration
Plant
Ulu Pandan
Incineration
Plant
Year Built
2000
1992
1986
1979
Designed
Capacity
(tonnes/day)
3000
2400
1700
1100
Boiler /
Incinerator
6 units
6 units
5 units
4 units
Construction
Cost
(S$ millions)
890
560
200
170
Semakau Landfill
600 tonnes/day non-incinerable waste
1,400 tonnes/day incineration ash
Commenced operation on 1 Apr 99
Capacity : 63 million m3
Area : 350 ha
Cost : S$610 mil
Semakau Landfill
Tuas Marine
Transfer Station
Semakau
Landfill
Clean Public Areas

Cleaning of Public Areas
Expressways/Roads
Roadside drains
Pavements/Sidewalks
Parks
Other public areas
Strict anti-littering law
Cleaning Public Areas

Mechanical road sweepers
Pavement sweeper
Litter picking
Outcomes
Refuse collected daily by
Public Waste Collectors and
properly disposed of by
incineration and landfill
Streets and public places
are clean
Outcomes
Recycling
Overall recycling rate gone
up : 40% in 2000 to 49% in
2005
WASTE OUTPUT
( DAILY AVERAGE 1970 2005 )
Tonnes Per Day
2001
9,000
7,700
8,000
7,000
5,700
6,000
2005
7,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
2,570
1,260
1,000
Year
0
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Key to Sustainability
Involve the
Community
to take
Ownership
of the
Environment
Community Participation
Involvement of 3P (Private, Public and
People) Sectors
Residents
Businesses
Schools
Grassroots organizations
Government agencies
NGOs
Approach
Communication
Engagement
Empowerment
MISSION: OWNERSHIP
Community Participation
Programs/Initiatives:
Recycling Corners in
Schools
Environment Clubs
Dialogue/feedback
Community-led
activities
Products stewardship
Recycling Day
Clean & Green Week
Fun activities to teach recycling
Thank You

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Solid Waste Management Code of Singapore

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Asia 3R Conference

National Environment Agency

Integrated Solid Waste Management

Waste Sorting, Recovery and

The Solid Waste Challenge

Solid Waste Management

One last sanitary landfill (an

Incineration Bottom Ash (IBA)

Not sustainable, if we continue

Wood Waste Recycling

Plastic Waste Recycling

National Recycling Programme

National Recycling Programme

Recycling Bins at Public Places

Strategy 3 : Reduce Waste To Landfill

TOWARDS ZERO LANDFILL

Construction & Demolition Waste

Strategy 4 : Waste Minimisation

Waste Collection System

Industrial & Commercial

Incineration Plants in Singapore

Clean Public Areas

Strict anti-littering law

Cleaning Public Areas

Fun activities to teach recycling

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