Demonstrating Value With BMC Server Automation (Bladelogic)

Best Practices: Demonstrating Value with BSA
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Housekeeping
Please ask questions in the Q&A section, not in Chat:
-
Many Q&A questions can be addressed during the session by our experts, while
Chat is not seen by the Presenter until the very end of the session
BSA BP Webinar Series:

-
https://communities.bmc.com/communities/docs/DOC-21692
BMC Server Automation (BladeLogic) v8.2

Best Practices
Demonstrating Value with BSA (BladeLogic)
Sean Berry
Lead, Customer Engineering Operations
Disclaimers
First Level Training
Best Practice vs. How To
Covers Most Common Tasks
Does not address every scenario
Assumes prior knowledge of BSA
components and terms
Agenda
Language, Terms and Concepts
Dollars and Hours
Objects and Scripts
Reporting & Metrics
Application
Easy Value Realization / Packaging Knowledge
Fully Realized Use Cases (CLC, OIC, FSP)
Reliable, Repeatable
Where to Start
Questions & Feedback
Why does value matter to me?

What value does automation bring to the organization?
How is it going to make my job easier?
How is it going to make me look better to my boss?
How is it going to make me and my team more marketable? (within and
without the company)
Ideally, your resume shouldnt only list your job descriptions, it should be
what you accomplished, and what you will be able to accomplish in the
future.
$$ value and metrics on your resume means more to a company than a
list of tasks: I installed an agent.
Goals
Be able to:
Talk about your server automation environment in dollars and cents: how much
money does good reporting or compliance save your company every
day/week/month/year?
Identify the major use cases in your BSA environment, and how they add value
-
faster provisioning,
faster reaction to issues,
faster mean time to repair (MTTR),
lower cost of management,
faster customer response
Identify the next use cases you want your group to take on, and start building a
business case for rolling it out
Speak to the costs of automation, and where it makes sense (macros vs. AI)
Speak to the percentage of project (revenue-impacting) vs. maintenance
(overhead) work
It doesnt need to be pretty or shiny, it just needs to get the job done.
What does an outage cost your company in dollars per hour?
- Do you have a check for everything thats ever caused an outage in
your environment? Is it built into your build policy? You have a build
policy, right?
Different kinds of value

Getting Value From BladeLogic
- What goes into a server and why does it matter?
- How are data centers built? How do we organize around them? How
do servers end up there? Whats a datacenter and why put them there
and not under our desks?
- Value comes both with a capital V value measured by CTO and small
v, measured by whether you spend the rest of the week cranking on
something, or whether you get it wrapped up tonight before you go
home.
- BSA, in the hands of someone who knows how to use it (either
through training or experience), is a force multiplier. We estimated at
one customer that a skilled BSA user can be 3-5x more productive
than an equivalent UNIX or Windows sysadmin. Being able to take on
more tasks in a given window of time (more project work vs.
maintenance work) adds value.
Introduction
Artifacts in the Best Practices franchise
-
BSA Best Practices Webinar Series:
BSA 8.2 base documentation:
https://docs.bmc.com/docs/display/bsa82/Large-scale+installations
BSA Database Cleanup Best Practice White Paper (internal)
https://docs.bmc.com/docs/display/bsa82/High+availability+and+disaster+recovery
Large Scale Installations:
https://docs.bmc.com/docs/display/bsa82/Sizing+and+scalability+factors
Disaster Recovery and High Availability:
https://docs.bmc.com/docs/display/bsa82/Deployment+architecture
Sizing and Scalability:
https://docs.bmc.com/docs/display/bsa82/Home
Deployment Architecture:
https://docs.bmc.com/docs/display/NP/BSA+Database+Cleanup
Agent Cleanup
blcli Delete cleanup* spaces
10
Dollars and Hours
Jobs in Dollars and Hours

What does an FTE or contractor cost per hour in your org?
-
Base salary + Fully loaded: w/ benefits/overhead/cubicle/workstation/VPN/travel

$60k salary -> $30/hr base cost = ~$60-75/hr loaded
40*52 vacation = 2000 working hours (w/o overtime)
For a given script execution, audit, compliance run, or software deploy:

-
How long would it have taken for an individual to execute this task by hand
Including staging time
Including identifying the correct servers
Including verifying availability
Could a level one or level two resource have done this task?
How long does it take to run the job once?
How long does it take to schedule the job once?
Vs:
-
How much upkeep is required to maintain the job going forward?

Including updating smartgroups (should be marginal or zero)
3x manual for setup, then marginal costs
12
Job Security vs. Project Work

Most organizations:
- 80% Maintenance / Keep The Lights On
- 20% Project Work (new initiatives, things that bring in revenue)
- Maintenance -> overhead: first place to cut costs
- CIO/CTO: How can I get more of my projects done this year?
Easy to see Job Security in the maintenance, but once automation
becomes standard
Outsourcing vs. Automation:
- Common to see 10 offshore resources executing patching on 10-15
servers each, manually
- One engineer can commonly execute automated patching against
several 100s of machines, more automated, fewer human errors.
80% of downtime caused by human error: reduce exposure
13
Objects and Scripts
Objects & Scripts

Whats a script?
- A series of commands, sometimes including error-checking or conditional
flows, to accomplish a specific goal.
Common scripting languages include various shells (Bourne, Korn, C, etc.),
DOS/Command, Visual Basic (vbs), PowerShell, Perl, Expect
Many scripts start their lives as pipe lines, several commands piped together to
find a specific item of information or answer a specific question
Scripts are a great tool in the hands of a skilled user, can sometimes be more
difficult to effectively delegate to L1/L2 users
- Power tools: dont always have safeguards
- Effective testing
- Required options: passing blank arguments or no arguments into scripts that
do rm type actions
15
Objects & Scripts

Whatre Objects?
- The set of nouns in BladeLogic, like files, directories, configuration entries,
registry keys, software packages (both platform-specific and platformagnostic), service definitions, virtual guest packages, against which the
verbs like Audit, Snapshot, Package, Deploy, and Rollback/Undo can be
used.
Whats the difference?
- One-off configuration audits, rather than retrieving and parsing config files (or
parsing in-place on remote servers) become a matter of identifying the
desired configuration, and a fast audit, with clear color-coded callouts of
which config is correct, incorrect, or missing.
- No more automation required around ssh, transport is taken care of.
- A canned software package and deploy job can be created by a domain
expert working with a BSA expert to correctly install/upgrade an agent in an
hour or two of effort. Afterwards, this process (package + job) can be
delegated to L1/L2 users, included in the new server provisioning process,
and used as a remediation action by the build compliance process.
16
Objects (continued)
Whats the difference? (continued)
- The intelligence about how to talk to different operating systems, parse
configuration files, and deploy/rollback software is already either built or
templated in. You get to start two steps ahead. (process development gets
cheaper)
- Since the Objects and Jobs are supported by someone else, youre not stuck
supporting your scripts forever, unable to get promoted because youre too
critical to take on new responsibilities.
17
Would You Like To Know More?

Scripty post in the Optimize IT Blog:
https://communities.bmc.com/communities/community/bsm_initiatives/opt
imize_it/blog/2011/01/14/scripty
Automation in Cooking:
https://communities.bmc.com/communities/community/bsm_initiatives/opt
imize_it/blog/2012/02/24/everything-i-know-about-automation-i-learnedfrom-my-sous-vide-supreme
18
Reporting & Metrics
Reporting on Jobs in Dollars and Hours

For a given script execution, audit, compliance run, or software deploy:
-
How long would it have taken for an individual to execute this task by hand
Including staging time
Including identifying the correct server
Including verifying availability
How long does it take to run the job once?
How long does it take to schedule the job once?
How much upkeep is required to maintain the job going forward?
Including updating smartgroups (should be 0)
How often were you running that task?

-
Were you only running it occasionally because the overhead of the process was too
high to run more often?
How often does that job run now?

-
Biannual or quarterly compliance audits vs. weekly or even daily visibility into
compliance
Cost of being out of compliance
Cost of getting back to a compliant state
20
Reporting: Inputs for Presentations & Models

At least one large financial institution uses the output from BSA, combined with
some custom reports and a couple of good spreadsheets to demonstrate value
delivered with BSA
$10MM++ project
Quarterly Business Reviews / Cost Justifications
Headcount Justification
Metrics are Meaningful & Powerful:
-
Hard to argue with facts & numbers

Easier to argue with interpretation of facts
Conservative estimates always help, better to aim low

Dont try to do everything- in Reporting
Dont be discouraged if you do have to do some post-processing
21
Server Automation Lifecycle

Report
Executive Perspective
-
Business analytics
Key Performance Indicators
Decision Support
-
Operations reporting
Continuous improvement
State of Compliance
-
Self-certification reports
Full template for each standard
22
Server Automation
Comprehensive Visibility
Pre-defined Standard Reports

-
Audit results
Trends
Self-Certification Compliance
Reports
-
PCI
HIPPA
ITIL v3
User Definable Reports

-
Ad-hoc queries
Customize formats, branding and
calculations
Dashboard Summary Reports

-
Value framework ROI metrics

Validates ROI goals of business
case are being achieved
23
Reporting in Dollars and Hours

BDSSA provides OOTB reports that can help report in terms of dollars and
hours: you may end up needing to either create a custom report or do some
post-processing in Excel
-
Theres still value in being able to generate the underlying stats

Use whats available out of the box or with small amounts of work to help support
your business case
24
Fully Realized Use Cases (CLC, OIC, FSP)
Fully Realized Use Cases

These use cases assume a fully operational BSA environment. Some require
integrations with a Change or Incident system.
The road to implementing these use cases has many steps, and requires:
- Functional process
- Buy-in from all impacted groups
- Working integrations & supported software versions
- A healthy infrastructure environment
- Trained and effective staff
- Ongoing support
Closed Loop Compliance
Operator Initiated Change
Full Stack Provisioning
26

Large Insurance Companys closed loop compliance story.
Compliance Initiatives:
- Regulatory requirement: demonstrate server hardening / compliance
to a security policy or face a $2MM fine. Could just as easily have
been a reaction to bad press at their company or another.
- Industry/Public/Customer Pressure: (PCI)
Requirements:
- Demonstrate 100% compliance to hardening policy w/ exceptions
- Without tripling headcount
- Create an incident ticket for every finding
- Change tickets
- Exceptions
- Reporting
27

Practical solution:
- Customized hardening policies from Out of the Box
(value: didn't have to start from scratch)
- With workflows (available pre-built these days)
- Creates incidents when alerts are generated, and execute the
remediation process.
(value: many manual steps, now runs quickly)
- Compliance jobs run on a daily or weekly basis
- Results are inspected right in the BSA console, and exceptions are
logged from the same console.
- Headcount vs. workflows built once and maintained -> lower cost.
28

Weekly/daily lights-out audits vs. manually or semi-automated quarterly
Previously cost-prohibitive
The "invisible" cost: configuration drift between audits and inertia
- Fear of change/risk
- More regular audits: easier enforcement
29
30
31
Operator Initiated Change

Operator Initiated Change:
- a change is selected or defined by the operator
- linked into Change Management
- when approved (and maintenance window reached), the approved
Change executes
Value:
- Effective Change Process
- Less time spent in Change meetings,
- much better change visibility and documentation,
- lower total risk
- (morale?)
32
Full Stack Provisioning (Day 1)

Initial Build Process: More than bare metal provisioning / template deploy
Many solutions: Most value comes after the bare metal:
configuration, hardening, agent stack,
middleware provisioning and configuration,
install of 3rd party apps,
Content deploy (J2EE, .NET, web, app)
- Most of the cost of provisioning:
different build technologies
support staffing
TIME
Many participants and steps:
- each contributor has a hand-off and an SLA.
- If SLA / each step is 3 days * 10 steps = 30 bus. days = 6 WEEKS
33
Server Automation Lifecycle Deploy

Provision
Server Hardening
Apply Security Policies and Patch
Data
Applications
OS Configuration
Exception-Handling allows for flexibility

Roll-Back reduces the risk of changes
Full Stack Provisioning
App Configuration
Required Capabilities
Application Provisioning
Simple and Complex Applications
Environment-Aware Packaging
Model-Based Configuration Management
Granular, Surgical Configuration Control
OS Provisioning
Install Operating System
Operating System
(OS)
Bare-Metal Provisioning
Virtualization Template Deployment
Rack & Stack
Windows Image-Based Provisioning
Setup Hardware
34
Server Lifecycle
35
Full Stack Provisioning Value Requirements

Functional Bare Metal and/or Virtual Guest Provisioning Environment & Team
-
Provisioning
Virtualization (on all platforms: VMware, Hyper-V, Solaris Zones, IBM LPARs, etc.)
Functional Packaging and Promotion

-
BLPackager
Software Packages (incl. Custom Software Packages)
NSH Scripts & Jobs
Functional Compliance & Hardening

-
Every system should leave the Server Factory fully secured & compliant with:
Security (CIS, DISA, custom)
Regulatory (PCI, HIPAA, GLB, SOX, custom)
Build Policies (OS platform, Middleware Platform, Data Center-specific)
Functional Patching & Hardening

-
Every system should leave the Server Factory fully patched to the current policy (no
big leaps to get patched to standard)
Functional Inventory/Snapshot
36
Packaging L3 Know-how
for L1/L2 Users
L3 know-how
Talk track
Skilled admins & subject matter experts (SMEs) usually have the privileges to
maintain any component of a server or application, however, agent maintenance
& other common tasks are not necessarily a good use of their time.
Agent install/upgrade & other common tasks can be easily packaged by SMEs
L1/L2 can then execute these tasks whenever needed, as many times as
required.
38
Current Inventory vs. Spreadsheets

Most inventories
-
Static spreadsheets, stale once emailed

Compiled quarterly (or worse)
Hard to correct/feedback
BladeLogic Customer example

-
Automated inventory survey -> report

Massive power outage
Used current inventory spreadsheet to build a restart plan
Value
-
Date Updated indicates last contact, currency of data

Current inventory increases confidence in decisions
BSA seen as source of truth for the data center
Inventory information used in Smart groups to quickly answer questions like:
How many Windows 2008 Servers do we have in Production
How many RHEL 5 in the San Jose data center?
39
I Found Something Wrong

(ad-hoc & build audit)
Ad-hoc Audits
What does an outage cost your company in dollars per hour?
Insurance Company acquired resources
-
Small set of servers, not built by our process

Remote Data Center: out of sight, out of mind
DNS, service accounts not setup correctly: when theres an incident only a couple of
people know how to get into these systems
Response time, service level is poor, -> service perception is poor: low value
Datacenter move
-
Chicago data center: moving between facilities.

Significant pre-planning executed, some invisible assumptions.
When Chicago DNS server went offline, so did customer e-servicing
Put it back! -> delayed move for hours
Service unavailable or underperforming for 5 hours
Isolated to misconfigured resolv.conf: several sysadmins had looked at that
configuration: only caught through scripted comparison.
Basic build audits could have caught or prevented
Thousands of dollars of lost revenue
41
Configuration Compliance in Banking Use Case

Large financial institution near NYC, casual conversation discovered:
Contractor assigned on a 90-day project to verify & reconcile /etc/resolv.conf entries
Contractor probably billed at least $60/hr: 90*8*60: at least $43K problem
Problem phases:
- What do I have? (Discovery / Inventory)
- Which is correct? (Manual/human interaction & Audit)
- Identify incorrect servers (Snapshot & Audit or live-live Audit)
- Package Changes (from Audit results)
- Change approval (usually an external process)
- Deploy Changes (execute Deploy)
- Rollback in event of issues
Simple audit of /etc/resolv.conf using existing server smartgroups
- < 1 hr door-to-door
- Existing intrinsic standards become obvious
How many places in this process can we cut out cost? Do you want to spend 90 days
chasing one fairly basic set of configurations?
42
Build Audits
One true build policy:
- Single OS -> at least a secure and standard build
Many servers in a data center -> at least a few common traits per group
Most orgs have some- kind of build standard
- scribbled notes on a sheet passed around between admins
- Under-utilized word doc
- Configurations built into bare metal provisioning system
(kickstart/jumpstart/etc.)
Most non-automated build standards arent complete, and are rarely
updated.
43
Build Standards
Drift: Standards change over time, July 2011 build
6-12 different builds over three years (times the number of different kinds
of builds)
Vs. standard RHEL 5 build that changes over time
- Evaluate all servers to that standard regularly
Builds break down into major components: a given set of vertically
aligned components is sometimes called a stack.
- SQL Server 2008 stack might be
- built on Windows 2008 R2,
- on virtual or on a standard make and model of hardware (HP DL380
G??),
- have a standard set of agents appropriate for a database server, etc.
44
Build Standards
The build standard consists of the:
- hardware (virtual or physical)
- operating system
- OS configurations & hardening
- agent stack
- middleware or applications
- middleware/application configurations
- Middleware/application content (web content, J2EE/.NET apps, etc.)
- Governing policies
Patching
Security/Regulatory
Build standard
45
Build Standards
These can all be different policies, which only need to apply to the
specific servers theyre relevant to. Even a single policy with a few rules
can deliver value, and is a great place to start.
Once built, the next time a configuration either causes a problem, or
someone remarks on a misconfiguration, create a rule for it.
46
Change Tracking
This is common any time we want to know when something has
changed, but once it's changed, we want to use that as the new
standard.
Not to be confused with a build audit, where any deviation from standard
required remediation.
Sometimes called a "rolling" audit: this gives visibility into authorized and
unauthorized change, and can be used to either verify configuration
change, or identify unauthorized change.
Auditing the entire machine (some 100,000 configurations) will generate
mostly noise,
Filter down for known, managed configuration items.
47
Reliable, Repeatable
Typical Non-RSCD Agent Deployment

A basic deployment can consist of something as simple as dropping a tarball on
a system, extracting it, and running a command.
However, most deployments worth automating rarely stay so simple
Now we need to be able to pass a hostname, or a directory to install in, or create
a user account for the agent to run under.
Test whether directory is present, writeable, correct perms
Do the right thing if user account is already present.
Handle error conditions.
Need to be able to train our users to be able to understand the results of this
deploy process.
49
Easy Value Demonstrations

Directory/file sync: scheduled, logged, auditable
Embed non-NSH script
Anything that consolidates information: remote inventory, cmd or file pickup
Config file audit: resolv.conf, ntp.conf, backup agent config
-
Easy to add new config file, new grammar
Basic software deploy: build once, use many times

-
Easy for L1/L2 to use via Execution Tasks

Easy to use in Provisioning
Audit/Compliance: Use for remediation
Build Compliance
-
Start with basic hardening: sshd/PermitRootLogin

Required agents & versions
Services running/disabled
Any semi-manual or tedious task executed weekly

50
Where to Start
Additional Resources & Information

BSA Best Practices Webinar Series:
Online Documentation
- BSA Deployment Architecture Best Practices
http://docs.bmc.com/docs/display/public/bsa82/Deployment+architecture
Product Documentation
http://docs.bmc.com/docs/display/public/bsa82/Home
BMC Communities (public forum)

- BMC website
documents
discussions
whitepapers
additional
information
- https://communities.bmc.com/communities/community/bmcdn/bmc_service_automation/serv
er_configuration_automation_bladelogic
What to do when you inherit a BSA installation, including How to videos:

https://communities.bmc.com/communities/community/bsm_initiatives/optimize_it/blog/
2012/06/15/taking-the-reins-server-automation
52
Howto Videos
Initial Install Database Setup: On BMCdocs YouTube at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=91FEUDVD6sE
Initial Install File Server and App Server Installs: On Communities YouTube at
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m7Y3SY23kuQ
Initial Install Console GUI and Appserver Config: On Communities YouTube at
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uwqlj60Lvo0
Compliance Content Install: On BMCdocs YouTube at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bXdaogDsCNc
Compliance Quick Audit: On BMCdocs YouTube at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i8BLi4WAWEY
BSA 8.2 Patching - Setting Up a Windows Patch Catalog: On Communities YouTube at
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nfpFpOuub9k.
Windows Patch Analysis: On Communities YouTube at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ODWhC01uEaQ.
Patching in Short Maintenance Windows with BMC BladeLogic Server Automation: On Communities YouTube at
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o6Lfzbb3JZg.
Basic Software Packaging: http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=dtOWTTFqsaY
SOCKS Proxies:
https://communities.bmc.com/communities/community/bmcdn/bmc_service_automation/server_configuration_automation_bla
delogic/blog/2012/11/30/how-to-use-socks-proxies-with-bsa-to-deal-with-firewalls-and-overlapping-ip-ranges
53
Questions and Feedback
Change and Build Audits
Change and Build Audit Use Cases Tracking

Change Tracking is the most basic form of Build Compliance. It says that
something, once configured according to a standard, shouldn't change
without authorization.
A typical configuration might be a local account deployed on servers, or
DNS Server entries (on UNIX, this is typically in /etc/resolv.conf). There
are several more advanced ways to do this (including a really beautiful
demonstration of the uses of the Property Dictionary), but the basic use
case is easy to setup, and easy to show initial value.
56

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Best Practices: Demonstrating Value with BSA

INTERNATIONAL TOLL FREE: Participant Code: 704371

Hungary: 06 800 112 82

Philippines: 1 800 111 010 55

Greece: 00 800 161 2205 6440

BSA BP Webinar Series:

Copyright 1/10/2013 BMC Software, Inc

BMC Server Automation (BladeLogic) v8.2

Copyright 1/10/2013 BMC Software, Inc

Copyright 1/10/2013 BMC Software, Inc

Why does value matter to me?

Copyright 1/10/2013 BMC Software, Inc

Copyright 1/10/2013 BMC Software, Inc

Different kinds of value

BSA Best Practices Webinar Series:

BSA 8.2 base documentation:

BSA Database Cleanup Best Practice White Paper (internal)

Large Scale Installations:

Disaster Recovery and High Availability:

Sizing and Scalability:

Copyright 1/10/2013 BMC Software, Inc

Dollars and Hours

Jobs in Dollars and Hours

Base salary + Fully loaded: w/ benefits/overhead/cubicle/workstation/VPN/travel

For a given script execution, audit, compliance run, or software deploy:

How much upkeep is required to maintain the job going forward?

Copyright 1/10/2013 BMC Software, Inc

Job Security vs. Project Work

Objects and Scripts

Objects & Scripts

Copyright 1/10/2013 BMC Software, Inc

Objects & Scripts

Copyright 1/10/2013 BMC Software, Inc

Would You Like To Know More?

Copyright 1/10/2013 BMC Software, Inc

Reporting & Metrics

Reporting on Jobs in Dollars and Hours

How often were you running that task?

How often does that job run now?

Copyright 1/10/2013 BMC Software, Inc

Reporting: Inputs for Presentations & Models

Hard to argue with facts & numbers

Conservative estimates always help, better to aim low

Server Automation Lifecycle

Copyright 1/10/2013 BMC Software, Inc

Pre-defined Standard Reports

User Definable Reports

Dashboard Summary Reports

Value framework ROI metrics

Copyright 1/10/2013 BMC Software, Inc

Reporting in Dollars and Hours

Theres still value in being able to generate the underlying stats

Copyright 1/10/2013 BMC Software, Inc

Fully Realized Use Cases (CLC, OIC, FSP)

Fully Realized Use Cases

Copyright 1/10/2013 BMC Software, Inc

Closed Loop Compliance

Closed Loop Compliance

Copyright 1/10/2013 BMC Software, Inc

Closed Loop Compliance