Formwork For Levelling Concrete

A guide to help builders
measure productivity of
various trades
The Builders Guide on Measuring Productivity is published by the Building and Construction Authority,
Singapore.
Copyright @ 2012 Building and Construction Authority, Singapore. All rights reserved. This document or any part thereof may not be reproduced for any
reason whatsoever in any form or means whatsoever and howsoever without the prior written consent and approval of the Building and Construction
Authority.
Whilst every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information contained in this publication, the Building and Construction Authority, its
employees or agents shall not be responsible for any mistake or inaccuracy that may be contained herein and all such liability and responsibility are
expressly disclaimed by these said parties.
ISBN 978-981-07-1241-9
FOREWORD
Foreword
The Building and Construction Authority (BCA) formulated the
Construction Productivity Roadmap in 2010 with the aim to
transform the construction industry and raise its productivity. Under
the key thrust of enhancing industry awareness, BCA was tasked to
establish benchmark indicators especially at project and trade levels
for builders to track their own productivity performance. In order to
do this, it is necessary for builders to adopt a common methodology
of measuring project and trade productivity. On 15 July 2011,
the submission of construction productivity data to BCA became
a mandatory requirement for the builders. This was in conjunction
with the enhanced buildability framework and applied to projects
with Gross Floor Area (GFA) of 5000 square meters or more. The
builders used a common platform under the Electronic Productivity
Submission System (ePSS) to submit the construction productivity
data. These data would primarily be used to establish the project
level productivity.
Apart from monitoring the project productivity of building projects,
it is also necessary to measure the trade productivity to have an indepth analysis of the productivity performance in various aspects
of site work. Trade productivity would reect the efciency and the
quality of the workforce. It is particularly useful for planning and
scheduling of work processes. BCA has thus produced this Builders
Guide on Measuring Productivity. This Guide provides best practices
on how to measure productivity for the 12 key trades which are
commonly found in most construction projects. These best practices
are illustrated through owcharts and photographs that showed the
activities involved in each trade. Productivity Monitoring Forms
have also been developed for each of the key trade and builders
would be able to adopt them as a common tool to measure the trade
productivity.
BCA has been working closely with a group of builders in developing
and using this Guide to study the trade productivity since February
2011. This Guide should come in handy to those who are unsure but
want to start measuring the trade productivity in their projects. There
is nothing better than learning from those that have embarked on and
excelled in the same journey.
TAN TIAN CHONG

Director
Technology Development Division
Building and Construction Authority
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Acknowledgement
Builders Guide on Measuring Productivity was developed with
valuable contributions from several main contractors and their
subcontractors.
We would like to express our heartfelt gratitude to the following
builders for their valuable support and contributions throughout the
development of this guide:
II
Name
Designation
Company
Mr Allan Tan
Project Director
Dragages Singapore Pte Ltd
Mr Tnay Kwang Meng
Project Manager
Ho Lee Construction Pte Ltd
Mr Atsushi Nakagawa
Senior Manager
Obayashi Corporation
Mr Chao Shi Jie
Construction Manager
Shimizu Corporation
Mr Thomas Chiew
Hock Meng
Executive Director
Singa Development Pte Ltd
Mr Hua Tai Suan, Andy
Project Manager
Singa Development Ptd Ltd
Mr Hong Wee Khong
Deputy Project
Director
Teambuild Construction
Pte Ltd
Mr Tan Thiam Huat
Project Director
Unison Construction Ptd Ltd
Mr Yong De-Rhong
Director
Woh Hup (Pte) Ltd
Introduction
1. Formwork Installation
1.1 Table Formwork Installation Process
1.1.1 Dismantling of Table Formwork
1.1.2 Lifting of Table Formwork from Previous Floor to
Upper Floor
1.1.3 Setting Out, Alignment and Level Check
1.1.4 Placing of Inll Form, if any
1.2 Formwork Installation Productivity Monitoring Form
2. Reinforcement Placing and Fixing

2.1 Reinforcement Placing and Fixing Process
2.1.1 Preparation of Reinforcement
2.1.2 Transportation of Reinforcement to Location
2.1.3 Placing and Fixing of Reinforcement
2.1.4 Laying and Securing of M&E Services
2.2 Reinforcement Placing and Fixing Productivity Monitoring Form
3. Concrete Placement
3.1 Concrete Placement Process
3.1.1 Preparation of Concrete Area
3.1.2 Transportation of Concrete to Concrete Area
3.1.3 Placing of Concrete
3.1.4 Spreading and Compacting of Concrete
3.1.5 Levelling of Concrete
3.2 Concrete Placement Productivity Monitoring Form
4. Drywall Installation
4.1 Drywall Installation Process
4.1.1 Transportation of Drywall Materials to Location
4.1.2 Setting Out
4.1.3 Preparation of Drywall Materials
4.1.4 Installation of Drywall
4.1.5 Sealing of Joints
4.2 Drywall Installation Productivity Monitoring Form
5. Painting
5.1 Painting Process
5.1.1 Transportation of Painting Materials to Location
5.1.2 Preparation of Painting Surface
5.1.3 Application of Sealer Coat
5.1.4 Application of 1st & Finishing Coat
5.2 Painting Productivity Monitoring Form
6. Timber Door Installation

6.1 Timber Door Installation Process
6.1.1 Transportation of Door Materials to Location
6.1.2 Setting Out
6.1.3 Preparation of Door Frame and Panel
6.1.4 Installation of Sub-Frame
6.1.5 Installation of Main Frame and Door Panel
6.1.6 Installation of Ironmongery
6.2 Timber Door Installation Productivity Monitoring Form
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of Contents
1
2
3
3
4
4
5
6
8
9
9
9
10
11
12
14
15
15
15
16
17
17
18
20
21
21
21
22
23
24
24
26
27
27
27
28
29
30
32
33
33
33
34
34
35
36
36
III
TABLE OF CONTENTS
7. Wall Tiling
7.1 Wall Tiling Process
7.1.1 Transportation of Tiling Materials to Location
7.1.2 Patching and Plastering (if necessary)
7.1.3 Setting Out
7.1.4 Mixing of Cement Mortar / Tile Adhesive
7.1.5 Laying of Tiles
7.1.6 Grouting / Pointing
7.1.7 Cleaning of Tiles
7.2 Wall Tiling Productivity Monitoring Form
8. Floor Tiling
8.1 Floor Tiling Process
8.1.1 Preparation of Tiling Area
8.1.3 Screeding (if necessary)
8.1.4 Setting out
8.1.5 Mixing of Cement Mortar / Tile Adhesive
8.1.6 Laying of Tiles
8.1.7 Grouting / Pointing
8.1.8 Cleaning of Tiles
8.2 Floor Tiling Productivity Monitoring Form
9. Suspended Ceiling Installation

9.1 Suspended Ceiling Installation Process
9.1.1 Transportation of Ceiling Materials to Location
9.1.2 Setting Out
9.1.3 Installation of Framework
9.1.4 Installation of Ceiling Panel
9.2 Suspended Ceiling Installation Productivity Monitoring Form
10. Air-Con Ducting Installation

10.1 Air-Con Ducting Installation Process
10.1.1 Transportation of Ducting Materials to Location
10.1.2 Folding and Forming of Ductwork
10.1.3 Setting Out
10.1.4 Installation of Ducting
10.1.5 Installation of Insulation
10.2 Air-Con Ducting Installation Productivity Monitoring Form
11. Electrical Conduit Installation

11.1 Electrical Conduit Installation Process
11.1.1 Transportation of Conduit Materials to Location
11.1.2 Setting Out
11.1.3 Preparation of Materials
11.1.4 Installation of Electrical Conduits
11.2 Electrical Conduit Installation Productivity Monitoring Form
12. Water Pipe Installation
IV
38
39
39
39
40
40
41
41
41
42
44
45
45
46
46
47
47
48
49
49
50
52
53
53
54
54
55
56
58
59
59
59
60
61
61
62
64
65
65
66
66
67
68
70
12.1 Water Pipe Installation Process

12.1.1 Transportation of Piping Materials to Location
12.1.2 Setting Out
12.1.3 Preparation of Water Pipe
12.1.4 Installation of Water Pipe
12.2 Water Pipe Installation Productivity Monitoring Form
71
71
71
72
73
74
References
76
INTRODUCTION
Introduction
The measurement of trade productivity provides the builders
a platform to carry out in-depth analysis of their productivity
performance. At the trade level, the amount of physical output per
manhour is measured. A worker is deemed to be more productive
if he produces more output within an hour. The indicator is
calculated as follows:
Total units of output
Trade Productivity =
Total manhours (hr)
The unit of measurement for trade productivity would vary for
different trades. For example the unit of measurement for formwork
installation is area of formwork installed (m2) / manhour while the
unit of measurement for electrical conduit installation is length of
conduit installed (m) / manhour.
This guidebook sets out the best practices on how to measure
the productivity for the 12 key trades which are commonly found
in most construction projects. The Productivity Monitoring Forms
that have been developed for each of the key trades gave the
activities and parameters that the builders should monitor and
measure. Through these forms, the builders would be able to
adopt a common platform to measure the trade productivity. To
complement the forms, the activities involved in each trade are
illustrated through owcharts and photographs.
All the best practices in this guidebook have been gathered from
the builders that have participated in the Productivity Improvement
Project (PIP) on Trade & Project Level Productivity Study.
References have also been made to international standards, e.g.
the ASTM E2691Practice for Job Productivity Measurements.
It is a useful guide for builders who wish to measure the trade
productivity in their projects.
FORMWORK
FORMWORK
INSTALLATION
The owchart below shows the typical processes involved in the
installation of table formwork during construction. The sequence
for other system formwork will differ. It serves as a guide on the
activities that are to be considered during the measurement of
productivity for this trade.
1 Dismantling of Table Formwork
Lifting of Table Formwork from

Previous Floor to Upper Floor
Setting Out, Alignment and Level Check
Placing of Inll Form, if any
The following sections show the steps involved when installing table
formwork. While the specic construction techniques employed may differ,
these are the common stages of work that are commonly carried out on site.
1.1.1 Dismantling of Table Formwork

Dismantling of table formwork include striking of inll forms, lowering
down and shifting of formwork out of building.
Securing lifting cable to

formwork
Lowering down the

table formwork
Shifting of table formwork

out of building
FORMWORK
1.1
Table Formwork
Installation Process
FORMWORK
1.1.2
Lifting of Table Formwork from Previous Floor

to Upper Floor
Lifting of table formwork by crane to the oor above.
1.1.3
Setting Out, Alignment and Level Check

Checking and adjusting the
position of table formwork
Positioning the table

formwork
FORMWORK
Checking and adjusting the level of
the table formwork
1.1.4
Placing of Inll Form, if any
Placing of inll panel
7) The downtime and waiting time of the tower crane should be excluded from the manhours taken.
(The form should indicate as a percentage the time taken for each of the above activities)
6) The manpower and time should be recorded when workers are carrying out the following activities:
a)
Dismantling of formwork
b)
Lifting of table formwork from previous floor to upper floor
c)
Setting out, alignment & level checks
d)
Placing of infill form, if any.
5) The following information should be provided in the form:

a)
Type of equipment used. A tower crane was used in the example.
b)
Floor to floor height
c)
Breakdown of the manpower type. The example shows a trade gang of 4 men, 1 tower crane
operator, 1 safety supervisor and 1 rigger/signaller.
4) The trade productivity is then calculated by dividing the area of formwork by the manhours taken.
3) The unit used for the manpower is manhour. 1 manhour is defined as 1 man working for 1 hour. The
2
example shows that about 11.11 manhours were required to install formwork of an area of 25m . This is
2
equivalent to 7 men working for approximately 1.6 hours to install 25m of the formwork.
2) The following should then be calculated or recorded:

a)
Area of horizontal formwork used on that floor
b) Manpower used during the installation of the formwork; this should include the trade gang, safety &
health workers, machine operator that operates the lifting equipment e.g. tower crane. Work done by
the site management team such as planning should not be included as their main role is
management and does not influence the installation work directly.
1) The location where the formwork installation would be monitored should first be identified. It is
recommended for the builder to start the monitoring when the installation has reached the stage of a
th
typical floor. The example shows the monitoring on 25 Storey, Zone1 of Block 123.
Methodology
Case Example
25m
11.11 manhours
Formwork area
Total manhours
2.25 m /manhour
Productivity Calculation
Setting out, alignment & level checks

Placing of infill form, if any.
Total
manhours
manhours)
(excluded)
manhours
manhours
manhours
manhours
FORMWORK
2.78
2.78
11.11
Dismantling of formwork
2.22
Lifting of formwork from previous floor to upper floor
(Tower crane in operation)
3.33
(0.50
(Tower crane downtime)
Time taken
Trade manpower = 4men

Tower crane operator = 1man
Safety and Health workers = 1 safety supervisor, 1 rigger/signaller
Manpower Size
This project consists of 3 blocks of residential buildings:th

- Location = 25 Storey, Zone 1 of Block 123
2
- Area of table formwork for each typical floor at zone 1 = 25m
- Floor to floor height = 3200mm
Project Information
Formwork Installation Productivity Monitoring Form
The Formwork Installation Productivity Monitoring Form has been designed to standardize the monitoring of
productivity for formwork installation. The methodology gives the step by step guide on how to carry out the
monitoring and the items to be included in the form. Builders should read the case example and the
methodology before using the form.
1.2
FORMWORK
Blk 123
th
25 Sty
(Zone1)
Location
25
11.11
Total
Manhour
2
Taken
2.25
Trade
Productivity
2
(m /manhour)
1 x Tower Crane
Non Mechanical:
Scaffold/Ladder/Bench,
etc.
Mechanical: Tower
Crane, Mobile Crane etc.
3200mm
Floor to
Floor Height
3
4 men
Trade
1man
Machine
4,5
Operator
30%
25%
Setting Out,
Alignment & Level
7
Checks
25%
Placing of Infill
Form, if any.
Checked By: _______________________

Date:
_________________________
Percentage of time taken for Activities 1 to 4 MUST add up to 100 %.
20%
Lifting of Table
Formwork from
Previous Floor to
Upper Floor
Please indicate the % of time taken in each activities

2
3
Dismantling of
Table Formwork
Recorded By: __________________________

Date:
__________________________
2 men
Safety and
6
Health
Breakdown of Manpower Size
Notes:
1) The area of the formwork is based on the total plan area of the formwork.
2) The manhours taken do not include hours clocked by the site management team.
3) The trade manpower size refers to the gang size only.
4) The machine operator manpower size refers to operators of lifting equipment, transportation equipment and temporary hoist.
5) Mechanical equipment that do not require a designated operator, for example scissor lift shall not be recorded under Machine Operator manpower. Such worker should be recorded under the Trade manpower.
6) The safety and health manpower size refers to safety supervisor, rigger/signaller and housekeeping worker.
7) The manhours taken for the erection/dismantling of scaffolding, if any, shall be recorded under the activities Setting Out, Alignment & Level Checks.
8) The trade productivity value shown in the example is not meant for benchmarking purpose.
Remark:
E.g.
S/no
Area
of
Form
1
Work
2
(m )
Mechanical and Nonmechanical equipment

used (if any)
Project Title: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _ ___________________________________________
(Horizontal Formwork)
Formwork Productivity Monitoring Form
The owchart below shows the typical processes involved

in the installation of reinforcement during construction.
It serves as a guide on the activities that are to be
considered during the measurement of productivity for
this trade.
Preparation of Reinforcement
Transportation of
Reinforcement to Location
Placing and Fixing of

Reinforcement
Laying and Securing of M&E

Services
REINFORCEMENT
REINFORCEMENT
REINFORCEMENT
PLACING AND FIXING
The following sections show the steps involved when placing and xing
re-bars. While the specic construction techniques employed may differ,
2.1.1 Preparation of Reinforcement

Bending of re-bars to
required shape using bar
bending machine
Cutting of re-bars
to required length
2.1.2 Transportation of Reinforcement to Location

Transportation of reinforcement to location refer to transporting from the
holding area on-site to the working area.
Transporting of
prefabricated mesh to
working area
Transporting of re-bars
to working area
REINFORCEMENT
2.1
Reinforcement Placing
And Fixing Process
REINFORCEMENT
2.1.3
Placing and Fixing of Reinforcement
Placing of concrete spacer
Sorting of re-bars to
ensure the correct size and
quantity are in order
Fixing of re-bars using

hand tool
Fixing of re-bars using

mechanical means
10
REINFORCEMENT
2.1.4
Laying and Securing of M&E Services
Securing of conduits to re-bars
Securing of conduits junction box
Fixing of top reinforcements

and securing of conduits
to ensure they are rmly in
position before concreting
11
12
The example shows that about 3.13 manhours were required to place and fix reinforcement of 250kg. This is
equivalent to 6 men working for approximately 0.52 manhours to place and fix 250kg of the reinforcement.
The example also show that 1.79 manhours was required to place and fix prefab mesh of 250kg. This is
equivalent to 6 men working for approximately 0.30 hours to place and fix 250kg of the prefab mesh.
a)
Preparation of reinforcement
b)
Transportation of reinforcement to location
c)
Placing and fixing of reinforcement
d)
Laying and securing of M&E services
Prefab mesh
a)
b)
Reinforcement
a)
b)
4) The trade productivity is then calculated by dividing the amount of reinforcement by the manhours taken.
b)
a)
3) The unit used for the manpower is manhour. 1 manhour is defined as 1 man working for 1 hour.

a)
Amount of reinforcement used.
b)
Amount of prefab mesh used.
c)
Manpower used during the placing and fixing of reinforcement; this should include the trade gang, safety & health
workers, machine operator that operates the lifting equipment e.g. tower crane. Work done by the site
management team such as planning should not be included as their main role is management and does not
influence the installation work directly.
1) The location where the reinforcement placing and fixing would be monitored should first be identified. It is
recommended for the builder to start the monitoring when the placing and fixing has reached the stage of a typical
th
floor. The example shows the monitoring on 5 Storey, Zone 2 of Block 123
Methodology
Trade Productivity
80 kg/manhour
140 kg/manhour
250 kg
1.79 manhours
250 kg
3.13 manhours
=
=
Amt of mesh
Total manhours
Amt of rebar
Total manhours
=
0.72
(0.50)
0.81
0.26
1.79
Manhours
(Prefab Mesh)
0
Prefab Mesh
0.31
(0.50)
1.72
0.47
3.13
Manhours
(Rebar)
0.63
Rebar
Preparation of reinforcement
Transportation of reinforcement to
location
Tower crane in operation
Tower crane downtime (excluded)
Placing and fixing of reinforcement
Laying and securing of M&E services
Total
Time taken
Trade manpower = 3men (for rebar), 3men (for prefab mesh)

Tower crane operator = 1man (for both)
Safety and Health workers = 1 safety supervisor(for both), 1
rigger/signaller (for both)
Manpower Size

- Amount of reinforcement laid = 250kg
- Amount of prefab mesh laid = 250kg
Project Information
Case Example
Reinforcement Placing and Fixing Productivity Monitoring Form
The Reinforcement Placing and Fixing Productivity Monitoring Form has been designed to standardize the monitoring of
productivity for reinforcement placing and fixing. The methodology gives the step by step guide on how to carry out the
monitoring and the items to be included in the form. Builders should read the case example and the methodology before
using the form.
2.2
REINFORCEMENT
E.g.
Blk 123
th
5 Sty
Zone 2
Location
250kg
250kg
1.79
3.13
Manhour
1
Taken
140kg/manhour
80kg/manhour
Trade
2
Productivity
kg/manhour
1 x Tower Crane
1 x Tower Crane
Non Mechanical:
Scaffold/Ladder/
Bench, etc.
Mechanical: Tower Crane,

Mobile Crane,etc.
3 men
3 men
Trade
1 man
1 man
Machine
4
Operator
40%
10%
45%
55%
Placing and
Fixing of
Reinforcement
15%
15%
Laying and
Securing of M&E
Services
Checked By: _______________________

Date:
_______________________
0%
20%
Transportation of
Reinforcement
6
to Location

2
3
Preparation of
Reinforcement
Recorded By: __________________________

Date:
__________________________
2 men
2 men
Safety and
5
Health
Notes:
2) Reinforcement bar and mesh shall be measured in Kg.
6) The time taken for the transportation of materials within the site by crane or other mechanical means shall be taken into account in the total manhours taken for the specific trade.
Remark:
Prefab
mesh
/cage
Rebar
Prefab
mesh
/cage
Rebar
Prefab
mesh
/cage
Rebar
S/no
Amt of
Rebar
Kg (rebar)
Mechanical and Nonmechanical equipment used

(if any)
Project Title: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______
Reinforcement Placing And Fixing Productivity Monitoring Form
CONCRETE PLACEMENT
CONCRETE PLACEMENT
The owchart below shows the key processes involved in
the placement of concrete during construction. It serves
as a guide on the activities that are to be considered
during the measurement of productivity for this trade.
14
Preparation of Concreting Area
Transportation of Concrete to
Concreting Area
Placing of Concrete
Spreading and Compacting of

Concrete
Levelling of Concrete
The following sections show the steps involved when carrying out concrete
placement. While the specic construction techniques employed may
differ, these are the common stages of work that are commonly carried out
on site.
3.1.1 Preparation of Concreting Area

Area preparation for concrete placement include the clearing of debris,
cleaning of formwork, preparation of concreting equipment and tools.
Preparation of
concreting equipments
and tools
Clearing of debris from

the concreting area
3.1.2
Transportation of Concrete to
Concreting Area
Concrete could be transported to the concreting area via concrete bucket,
truck-mounted concrete pump, rotary distributor or concrete placing boom.
Crane and concrete

bucket
Truck-mounted
concrete pump
15
CONCRETE PLACEMENT
3.1Concrete Placement Process
CONCRETE PLACEMENT
Concrete Placing boom
Rotary distributor for

concreting work
3.1.3
Placing of Concrete
Placing of concrete using

concreting bucket
Placing of concrete using pump
16
Spreading and Compacting of Concrete

Spreading and compacting of concrete could be done using the
shovels or the vibrators.
Compacting of concrete
with a vibrator
Spreading of concrete
with shovels
3.1.5
Levelling of Concrete
Levelling of wet concrete could be done using the trowel or the vibrating
screed levellers.
Manual levelling of
concrete using trowel
Mechanical levelling of
concrete using vibrating
screed leveller
17
CONCRETE PLACEMENT
3.1.4
18
a)
Preparation of concreting area
b)
Transportation of concrete to location
c)
Placing of concrete
d)
e)
f)
Leveling of concrete

a)
Type of equipment used. A crane and bucket was used in the example.
b)
4) The trade productivity is then calculated by dividing the volume of concrete placed by the manhours
taken.
3
example shows that about 16.26 manhours were required to place concrete of 20m . This is equivalent to
3
8 men working for approximately 2hours to place concrete of 20m .

a)
Volume of concrete
b) Manpower used during the concrete placement; this should include the trade gang, safety & health
workers, machine operator that operates the lifting equipment e.g. tower crane. Work done by the
site management team such as planning should not be included as their main role is management
and does not influence the installation work directly.
1) The location where the concrete placement would be monitored should first be identified. It is
recommended for the builder to start the monitoring when the concrete placement has reached the stage
th
of a typical floor. The example shows the monitoring on 6 Storey, Zone 3 of Block 123.
Methodology
Case Example
4.06
4.88
1.63
1.63
16.26
Placing of concrete
Leveling of concrete
Total
1.23m /manhour
20m
16.26 manhours
Volume of concrete
Total manhours
manhours
manhours )
(excluded)
manhours
manhours
manhours
manhours
manhours
2.44
(0.50
manhours
1.62
Preparation of concreting area

Transportation of concrete to location
Time taken

Manpower Size

3
- Concrete Volume = 20m
Project Information
Concrete Placement Productivity Monitoring Form
The Concrete Placement Productivity Monitoring Form has been designed to standardize the monitoring of
productivity for concrete placement. The methodology gives the step by step guide on how to carry out the
3.2
CONCRETE PLACEMENT
10
Blk 123
th
6 Sty
Zone 3
Location
20
16.26
Total
Manhour
2,3
Taken
1.23
Trade
Productivity
3
(m /manhour)
Crane & Bucket
Non Mechanical:
Wheelbarrow, etc.
Mechanical:
Crane & Bucket, TruckMounted Concrete
Pump, Concreting
Placing Boom, etc.
Slab & Beam
Casting
Component
5 men
Trade
1 man
Machine
5
Operator
2 men
Safety and
6
Health
25%
Placing of
Concrete
30%
Spreading of
Concrete
10%
Compacting
of Concrete
Checked By: _______________________

Date:
_______________________
10%
Levelling of
Concrete
15%
Transportation
of Concrete to
9
Location

2
3
4
5
Recorded By: __________________________

Date:
__________________________
10%
Preparation
of Concreting
7,8
Area
Notes:
1) Self-compacting concrete shall be highlighted under the remark section.
3) Activities that are performed off-site shall not be included (e.g. prefabrication, pre-installation).
6) The safety and health manpower size refers safety supervisor, rigger/signaller and housekeeping worker.
7) The manhours taken for the erection/dismantling of scaffolding, if any, shall be recorded under the activities Preparation of Concreting Area.
8) The time taken for the setting up of concreting pipes from the concrete pump to the concreting area shall be recorded.
Remark:
E.g.
S/no
Concrete
1
Volume
3
(m )
Mechanical and NonMechanical Concreting

Equipment used (if any)
Project Title: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _ ______________________________
Concrete Placement Productivity Monitoring Form
DRYWALL
4
20
DRYWALL INSTALLATION
in the installation of drywall during construction. It serves
as a guide on the activities that are to be considered
Transportation of Drywall
Materials to Location
Setting Out
Preparation of Drywall Materials
Installation of Drywall
Sealing of Joints
The following sections show the steps involved when installing drywall
partition. While the specic construction techniques employed may differ,
4.1.1 Transportation of Drywall Materials to Location

Transportation of drywall materials to location refer to transporting from the
Placing of drywall
materials near
working area for easy
accessibility
Transporting drywall
materials to working area
4.1.2
Setting Out
Setting out of drywall installation includes marking of wall position on oor,
wall and ceiling.
Transferring the oor

marking to adjoining
wall/column/ceiling
Setting out the position of

the drywall at oor level
21
DRYWALL
CONCRETE PLACEMENT
4.1 Drywall Installation Process
DRYWALL
4.1.3
Preparation of Drywall Materials

Preparation of drywall materials includes cutting of metal studs to required
length and cutting of gypsum boards to actual size and shape.
Cutting of metal studs to

required size for drywall
framing
4.1.4
Marking out and cutting

of the gypsum boards to
actual size
Installation of Drywall
The drywall system can be easily installed and quickly relocated according
to ones needs. Homeowners can renovate and redesign the interior layouts
within a short time. Below is the typical drywall installation process.
Installing
plasterboard to one
side of the framing
Installing the metal studs to

form drywall frame
22
DRYWALL
Installing second
plasterboard
Installing insulation between

panel (M&E work is excluded
from the drywall trade.)
4.1.5
Sealing of Joints
Completion
of drywall
Sealing up the joint between

plasterboard (Painting of
wall is excluded from the
drywall trade.)
23
24
a)
Transportation of drywall materials to location
b)
Setting out
c)
Preparation of drywall materials
d)
Installation of drywall
e)
Sealing of joints

a)
b)
4) The trade productivity is then calculated by dividing the area of drywall installed by the manhours taken.
2
example shows that about 6.67 manhours were required to install a drywall of 15m . This is equivalent to
2
7 men working for approximately 0.95 hours to install a drywall of 15m .

a)
Area and height of drywall installed
b) Manpower used during the drywall installation; this should include the trade gang, safety & health
workers, machine operator that operates the lifting equipment e.g. tower crane. Work done by the
site management team such as planning should not be included as their main role is management
and does not influence the installation work directly.
1) The location where the drywall installation would be monitored should first be identified. It is
recommended for the builder to start the monitoring when the drywall installation has reached the stage of
a typical floor. The example shows the monitoring on Block 123 #05-13 Living Room.
Methodology
Case Example
2.25m /manhour
15m
6.67 manhours
Area of drywall
Total manhours
1.00
1.33
2.67
1.00
6.67
Setting out
Preparation of drywall materials
Installation of drywall
Sealing of joints
Total
0.67
(0.50
Transportation of drywall materials to location

Time taken
manhours
manhours)
(excluded)
manhours
manhours
manhours
manhours
manhours

Manpower Size
This project consists of 3 blocks of residential buildings:- Location = Block 123 #05-13 Living Room
2
- Area of drywall = 15m
- Room height = 3m
Project Information
Drywall Installation Productivity Monitoring Form
The Drywall Installation Productivity Monitoring Form has been designed to standardize the monitoring of
productivity for drywall installation. The methodology gives the step by step guide on how to carry out the
4.2
DRYWALL
11
Blk 123
#05-13
Living
Room
Location
3m high
2
15m
6.67
Total
Manhour
2,3
Taken
2.25
Trade
Productivity
2
(m /manhour)
1 X Tower Crane
Non Mechanical:
etc.
Mechanical:
Boom/Scissor/Personnel
Lifts, etc.
12mm thk/
1200mm wide
Thickness /
Width of
Partition Board
4
4 men
Trade
1man
Machine
5,6
Operator
15%
20%
Preparation
of Drywall
Material
40%
Installation
of Drywall
15%
Sealing of
10
Joints
Checked By: _______________________

Date:
_______________________
10%
Setting Out

2
3
4
Transportation
of Drywall
Materials to
8
Location
Recorded By: __________________________

Date:
__________________________
2 men
Safety and
7
Health
Notes:
1) The areas of drywall is calculated based on length of the drywall (centreline) multiply by the height of the wall.
6) Mechanical equipment that do not require a designated operator, for example scissor lift shall not be recorded under Machine Operator manpower.
9) The manhours taken for the erection/dismantling of scaffolding, if any, shall be recorded under the activities Setting Out.
10) Painting work and other finishing works shall not be included.
Remark:
E.g
S/no
Height (m)
1
2
Area (m )

used (if any)
Project Title: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Drywall Installation Productivity Monitoring Form
PAINTING
5
26
PAINTING
in painting during construction. It serves as a guide
on the activities that are to be considered during the
measurement of productivity for this trade.
Transportation of Painting
Preparation of Painting Surface
Application of Sealer Coat
Application of 1st Coat and

nishing coat
The following sections show the steps involved during a painting process.
While the specic construction techniques employed may differ, these are
the common stages of work that are commonly carried out on site.
5.1.1 Transportation of Painting Materials to Location

Transportation of painting materials to location refer to transporting from
the holding area on-site to the working area.
Placing of paint near

working area
Transporting of painting
5.1.2
Preparation of Painting Surface
Protecting surfaces that

are not intended to be
painted.
Cleaning to remove foreign

and unstable matter
27
PAINTING
5.1Painting Process
PAINTING
5.1.3
Application of Sealer Coat

There are various method of application such as the brush, roller and spray
painting. The adoption of each method will depend mainly on the working
area and site situation.
Setting up of spray
painting equipment
Mixing of paint manually
Application of sealer
coat by spray
Application of sealer
coat by roller
28
PAINTING
5.1.4
Application of 1st & Finishing Coat
Application of 1st and

nishing coat using roller
or spray
Painting to edges
using brush
Intercoat preparation such as

light sanding with ne-grade,
preferably partly worn sandpaper
can be used to remove nibs and
adherent dust particles
29
30
Painting Productivity Monitoring Form
7) The downtime and waiting time of the material hoist should be excluded from the manhours.
a)
Transportation of paint materials to location
b)
Preparation of painting surface
c)
Application of sealer coat
st
d)
Application of 1 coat
e)
Application of finishing coat

a)
Method of application
b)
Type of equipment used. A materials hoist was used in the example.
c)
Breakdown of the manpower type. The example shows 1 painter, 1 material hoist and 1 general
worker.
4) The trade productivity is then calculated by dividing the painted area by the manhours taken.
2
example shows that about 4.55 manhours were required to paint an area of 25m using roller methods.
2
This is equivalent to 3 men working for approximately 1.52 hours to paint an area of 25m .

a)
Painted area
b) Manpower used during the painting work; this should include the trade gang and safety & health
worker. Work done by the site management team such as planning should not be included as their
main role is management and does not influence the installation work directly.
1) The location where the painting work would be monitored should first be identified. It is recommended for
the builder to start the monitoring when the painting work has reached the stage of a typical floor. The
example shows the monitoring on Block 123 #05-13 Living Room.
Methodology
The Painting Productivity Monitoring Form has been designed to standardize the monitoring of productivity for
painting work. The methodology gives the step by step guide on how to carry out the monitoring and the
items to be included in the form. Builders should read the case example and the methodology before using
the form.
5.2
5.50m /manhour
25m
4.55 manhours
Total painted area

Total manhours
1.41
0.78
0.78
0.78
4.55
Preparation of painting surface

Application of sealer coat
st
Application of 1 coat
Application of finishing coat
Total
0.80
(0.50
Transportation of painting materials to location

(Material hoist in operation)
(Material hoist downtime)
Time taken
Trade manpower = 1man

Material hoist operator = 1man
Safety and Health workers = 1 general worker
Manpower Size
2
- Area to be painted = 25m
- Room height = 2.9m
Project Information
Case Example
manhours
manhours)
(excluded)
manhours
manhours
manhours
manhours
manhours
PAINTING
Blk 123
#05-13
Living
Room
Location
25
Painted
Area
2
(m )
4.55
5.50
Trade
Productivity
2
(m /manhour)
%
%
%
Roller
Brush
Roller
Spray
Method of
Application
1 x Material
Hoist
1 x Ladder
Non
Mechanical:
Scaffold/
Ladder/
Bench, etc.
Mechanical:
Boom/
Scissor/
Personnel
Lifts,etc.
2900
Room
Height
(mm)
Wall
Painted
Surface
1 man
Trade
Manpower
3
Size
1 man
Machine
4
Operator
30%
18%
Application
of
Sealer
Coat
18%
Application of
st
1 Coat
18%
Application
of Finishing
Coat
Checked By: _______________________

Date:
_______________________
16%
Preparation
of Painting
7
Surface

2
3
4
Transporting
Paint
Materials to
6
Location
Recorded By: __________________________

Date:
__________________________
1 man
Safety
and
5
Health
Notes:
2) Drying time between coats shall not be recorded
6) The time taken for the transportation of materials within the site by crane or other mechanical means shall be taken into account in the total manhours taken for the specific trade .
7) The manhours taken for the erection/dismantling of scaffolding, if any, shall be recorded under the activities Preparation of Painting Surface.
Remark:
E.g
S/no
Total
Manhour
1,2
Taken
Mechanical
and Nonmechanical
equipment
used
(if any)
Project Title: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Painting Productivity Monitoring Form
32

in the installation of timber door during construction.
this trade.
Transportation of Door Materials

to Location
Setting Out
Preparation of Door Frame

and Panel
Installation of Sub-frame
Installation of Main frame and

Door Panel
Installation of Ironmongery
TIMBER DOOR
TIMBER DOOR
TIMBER DOOR
INSTALLATION
TIMBER DOOR
6.1
Timber Door Installation

Process
The following sections show the steps involved when installing timber door.
6.1.1 Transportation of Door Materials to Location

Transportation of door materials include bringing the door frame, door panel
and all ironmongery from the holding area on-site to the working area.
Placing of door frames

and door panels near
working area
Transporting door materials

to working area
6.1.2
Setting Out
Conrming the door
location against the
approved shop drawing.
Verify that the dimensions
of the opening are as
specied in the drawing
Setting out reference line in

relation to wall alignment.
33
Preparation of Door Frame and Panel

Assembling the pre-cut main frame
using nishes nails or screws if the
frame is not pre-assembled at the
factory
Treating surface of sub-frame
6.1.4
Installation of Sub-Frame
Verify the dimensions

of the sub-frame
opening
Installing of sub-frame
34
TIMBER DOOR
TIMBER DOOR
6.1.3
TIMBER DOOR
6.1.5
Installation of Main Frame and Door Panel

Installing of door panel
Installing of main frame
6.1.6
Installation of Ironmongery
Installing the architrave

around door frame (if any)
Installing ironmongery
to the door panel
Note: All manhours taken for the nishing work such as painting, vanishing, etc. should not
be taken into account.
35
36
Timber Door Productivity Monitoring Form
7) The downtime and waiting time of the material hoist should be excluded from the manhours.
a)
Transportation of door materials to location
b)
Setting out
c)
Preparation of door frame and door
d)
Installation of sub frame
e)
Installation of door frame and door panel
f)
Installation of ironmongery

a)
Method of application
b)
c)
Breakdown of the manpower type. The example shows 1 tradesman, 1 material hoist and 1 general
worker.
4) The trade productivity is then calculated by dividing the number of door installed by the manhours taken.
example shows that about 16.14 manhours were required to install 5 number of timber door. This is
equivalent to 3 men working for approximately 5.38 hours to install 5 number of timber door.

a)
Number of door installed
b) Manpower used during the door installation; this should include the trade gang and safety & health
worker. Work done by the site management team such as planning should not be included as their
main role is management and does not influence the installation work directly.
1) The location where the door installation would be monitored should first be identified. It is recommended
for the builder to start the monitoring when the door installation has reached the stage of a typical floor.
The example shows the monitoring on Block 123 #05-13 living room.
Methodology
The Timber Door Productivity Monitoring Form has been designed to standardize the monitoring of
productivity for timber door. The methodology gives the step by step guide on how to carry out the monitoring
and the items to be included in the form. Builders should read the case example and the methodology before
using the form.
6.2
1.61
1.61
2.42
6.46
3.23
16.14
0.81
(0.50
0.31num/manhour
5 num
16.14 manhours
Number of doors installed

Total manhours
Setting out
Preparation of door frame and door
Installation of sub frame
Installation of door frame and door panel
Installation of ironmongery
Total
Transportation of door materials to location

Time taken
Trade manpower = 1man

Material hoist operator=1man
Manpower Size
- Number of door installed = 5
Project Information
Case Example
manhours
manhours)
(excluded)
manhours
manhours
manhours
manhours
manhours
manhours
TIMBER DOOR
Blk 123
#05-13
Living
Room
Location
16.14
Total
Manhour
1,2,3
Taken
0.31
Trade
Productivity
(num/manhour)
1 x Material Hoist
1 x Ladder
Non Mechanical:
etc.
Mechanical:
Boom/Scissor/Personnel
Lifts, etc.
900 x
2200
Door
Size
4
1 man
Trade
1man
Machine
5
Operator
1 man
Safety and
6
Health
10%
Preparation of
Door Frame
and Door
15%
Installation of
Sub-Frame
20%
Checked By: _______________________

Date:
_______________________
20%
Installation of
Door Frame Installation of
Ironmongery
and Door
8
Panel
10%
Setting
Out

2
3
4
5
Recorded By: __________________________

Date:
__________________________
5%
Transportation of
Materials to
7
Location
Notes:
2) Activities that are performed off-site shall not be included (e.g. prefabrication, pre -installation).
3) Finishing works such as painting and varnishing shall not be included.
8) The manhours taken for the erection/dismantling of scaffolding, if any, shall be recorded under the activities Installation of Main Frame and Door Panel.
Remark:
E.g.
S/no
Num of
Door
Installed

used (if any)
Project Title: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
(Swing Door Only)
Timber Door Productivity Monitoring Form
WALL TILING
WALL TILING
in the tiling of wall during construction. It serves as a
guide on the activities that are to be considered during
measurement of productivity for this trade.
38
Transportation of Tiling
Patching and Plastering

(if necessary)
Setting Out
Mixing of Cement Mortar/

Tile Adhesive
Laying of Tiles
Grouting / Pointing
Cleaning of Tiles
The following sections show the steps involved when laying wall tiles. While
the specic construction techniques employed may differ, these are the
common stages of work that are commonly carried out on site.

Transportation of tiling materials to location refer to transporting from the
Placing of tiling materials

near working area
Transporting tiling materials

to working area
7.1.2
Patching and Plastering (if necessary)

Plastering of wall for
even and rough surface to
receive the tiles.
Patching up all concealed

conduits, unwanted recesses
and openings
39
WALL TILING
7.1 Wall Tiling Process
WALL TILING
7.1.3
Setting Out
Setting out the position of the tiles and

marking of reference line for tile laying
7.1.4
Mixing of Cement Mortar / Tile Adhesive
Mixing the tiling

adhesive in
accordance to the
manufacturers
instruction menu
Mixing of cement mortar
40
WALL TILING
7.1.5
Laying of Tiles
Placing of tile to wall

surface with reference
to the marked line and
tapping tile into position
Cutting of tiles to
required size
7.1.6
Grouting / Pointing
Spreading grout with

a soft trowel
7.1.7
Cleaning of Tiles
Cleaning of tiles with

damp cloth or sponge
41
42
Wall Tiling Productivity Monitoring Form
7) The downtime and waiting time of the material hoist should be excluded from the manhours taken.
a)
Transportation of materials to location
b)
Patching and plastering (if any)
c)
Setting out
d)
Mixing of tile adhesive
e)
Laying of tiles
f)
Grouting / Pointing
g)
Cleaning of tiles

a)
b)
Breakdown of the manpower type. The example shows 2 tradesmen, 1 material hoist operator, 1
safety supervisor and 1 rigger/signaller.
4) The trade productivity is then calculated by dividing the tiled area by the manhours taken.
2
example shows that about 12.82 manhours were required to tile an area of 25m . This is equivalent to 5
men working for approximately 2.56 hours to tile an area of 25m2.

a)
Tiled area
b)
Tile size
c)
Manpower used during the wall tiling; this should include the trade gang, safety & health workers,
machine operator that operates the lifting equipment e.g. material hoist. Work done by the site
management team such as planning should not be included as their main role is management and
does not influence the installation work directly.
1) The location where the wall tiling would be monitored should first be identified. It is recommended for the
builder to start the monitoring when the wall tiling has reached the stage of a typical floor. The example
shows the monitoring on Block 123 #05-13 Toilets.
Methodology
The Wall Tiling Productivity Monitoring Form has been designed to standardize the monitoring of productivity
for wall tiling. The methodology gives the step by step guide on how to carry out the monitoring and the items
to be included in the form. Builders should read the case example and the methodology before using the
form.
7.2
1.95m /manhour
25 m
12.82 manhours
Tiled area
Total manhours
1.08
1.62
0.54
7.16
1.08
0.54
12.82
Patching and plastering (if any)

Setting out
Mixing of tile adhesive
Laying of tiles
Grouting/Pointing
Cleaning of Tiles
Total
0.80
(0.50
Transportation of tiling materials to location

Time taken
manhours
manhours )
(excluded)
manhours
manhours
manhours
manhours
manhours
manhours
manhours

Manpower Size
This project consists of 3 blocks of residential buildings:- Location = Block 123 #05-13 Toilets
2
- Tiled Area = 25m
Project Information
Case Example
WALL TILING
Blk 123
#05-13
Toilets
Location
25
12.82
Manhour
1,2
Taken
1.95
1 x Material Hoist
1 x Wheelbarrow
Non Mechanical:
Scaffold/ladder/
bench,
Wheelbarrow, etc.
Trade
Productivity Mechanical:
2
(m /manhour) Tower Crane,
Material Hoist,
etc.
300 x 300
Tile Size
(mm)
2 men
Trade
Manpower
Size 3
1 man
Machine
Operator
Manpower
4,5
Size
2 men
Safety and
Health
Manpower
6
Size
6%
13%
Setting Out
4%
Mixing of
Cement
Mortar/Tile
Adhesive
56%
Laying of
Tiles
8%
Checked By: _______________________

Date:
_______________________
5%
Grouting/ Cleaning of
Pointing
Tiles
8%
Patching and
Plastering (if
any)

2
3
4
5
Recorded By: __________________________

Date:
__________________________
Transportation
of Materials to
7
Location
Notes:
8) The manhours taken for the erection/dismantling of scaffolding, if any, shall be recorded under the activities Setting out.
Remark:
E.g.
S/no
Tiled
Area
2
(m )
Mechanical and
Non-Mechanical
Concreting
Equipment used
(if any)
Project Title: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _
Wall Tiling Productivity Monitoring Form
FLOOR TILING
8
44
FLOOR TILING
in the tiling of oor during construction. It serves as a
guide on the activities that are to be considered during
the measurement of productivity for this trade.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Preparation of Tiling Area

Transportation of Tiling
Screeding (if necessary)
Setting Out
Mixing of Cement Mortar /
Tile Adhesive
Laying of Tiles
Grouting / Pointing
Cleaning of Tiles
The following sections show the steps involved when laying of oor tiles.
8.1.1 Preparation of Tiling Area

Area preparation include cleaning and washing off dust and debris and
checking the level of substrate.
Cleaning concrete
surface with broom
Removing concrete
protrusion on the tiling area
Checking the level

of the substrate
Cleaning concrete surface

using water jet
45
FLOOR TILING
8.1Floor Tiling Process
FLOOR TILING
8.1.2
Transportation of Tiling Materials to Location

Transportation of tiling materials to location refer to transporting from the
Transporting tiling
materials to location
Transporting tiling material

using wheel-barrow
8.1.3
Screeding (if necessary)
Finishing screed
with wooden oat
46
FLOOR TILING
8.1.4
Setting out
Setting out tile lines on

screed
8.1.5
Mixing of Cement Mortar / Tile Adhesive
Mixing the tiling

adhesive in
accordance to the
manufacturers
instruction menu
Mixing of cement mortar
47
FLOOR TILING
8.1.6
Laying of Tiles
Damping screed surface to

reduce suction.
Cutting of tile to required

size
Spreading the cement mortar/

tile adhesive within the reach
of an arms length.
Tapping tile onto uniform position

using a rubber mallet.
48
FLOOR TILING
8.1.7
Grouting / Pointing
Pointing of joint
between tile with
colour grout
Removing of dust trapped

between tile joint
8.1.8
Cleaning of Tiles
Cleaning of tile to remove

stain or other residue
49
50
Floor Tiling Productivity Monitoring Form
a)
Preparation of tiling area
b)
c)
Screeding (if any)
d)
Setting out
e)
Mixing of tiles adhesive
f)
Laying of tiles
g)
Grouting / Pointing
h)
Cleaning of tiles

a)
b)
4) The trade productivity is then calculated by dividing the tiled area by the manhours taken.
2
example shows that about 11.06 manhours were required to tile an area of 25m . This is equivalent to 5
2
men working for approximately 2.21 hours to tile an area of 25m .

a)
Tiled area
b)
Tile size
c)
Manpower used during the floor tiling; this should include the trade gang, safety & health workers,
machine operator that operates the lifting equipment e.g. material hoist. Work done by the site
management team such as planning should not be included as their main role is management and
does not influence the installation work directly.
1) The location where the floor tiling would be monitored should first be identified. It is recommended for the
builder to start the monitoring when the floor tiling has reached the stage of a typical floor. The example
shows the monitoring on Block 123 #05-13 Living Room.
Methodology
The Floor Tiling Productivity Monitoring Form has been designed to standardize the monitoring of productivity
for floor tiling. The methodology gives the step by step guide on how to carry out the monitoring and the items
to be included in the form. Builders should read the case example and the methodology before using the
form.
8.2
1.08
0.54
5.94
1.08
0.54
11.06
Setting out
Mixing of tiles adhesive
Laying of tiles
Grouting / Pointing
Cleaning of tiles
Total
2.26m /manhours
25 m
11.06 manhours
Tiled area
Total manhours
manhours
manhours )
(excluded)
manhours
manhours
manhours
manhours
manhours
manhours
0.80
(0.50
manhours
1.08
Preparation of tiling area

(Material Hoist in operation)
(Material Hoist downtime)
Time taken

Manpower Size
2
- Tiled area = 25m
Project Information
Case Example
FLOOR TILING
Blk 123
#05-13
Living
Room
Location
25
Tile Area
(m2)
11.06
Total
Manhour
Taken1,2
2.26
Trade
Productivity
(m2/manhour)
1 x Material Hoist
1 x Wheelbarrow
Non Mechanical:
Trolley,
Wheelbarrow, etc.
Mechanical:
Tower Crane,
Material Hoist, etc.
Mechanical and
Non-Mechanical
Concreting
Equipment
used (if any)
300 x 300
Tile Size
(mm)
2 men
Trade
Manpower
3
Size
1 man
Machine
Operator
Manpower
4,5
Size
2 men
Safety and
Health
Manpower
6
Size
9%
NA
Screeding
(if any)
10%
Setting Out
5%
Mixing of
Cement
Mortar/Tiles
Adhesive
54%
Laying
of Tiles
Please indicate the % of time taken in each activity

3
4
5
6
5%
Cleaning
of Tiles
Checked By: _______________________

Date:
_______________________
10%
Grouting/
Pointing
Percentage of time taken for Activity 1 to 8 MUST add up to 100 %.
7%
Transportation
of Tiling
Materials to
Location7
Recorded By: __________________________

Date:
__________________________
Preparation
of Tiling
Area
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Notes:
5) Mechanical equipment that do not required a designated operator, for example scissor lift shall not be recorded under Machine Operator manpower.
7) The time taken for the transportation of materials within the site by crane or other mechanical means shall be taken into account in the total manhours taken for the specific trade.+
Remark:
E.g.
S/no
Project Title:
Floor Tiling Productivity Monitoring Form
SUSPENDED CEILING
SUSPENDED CEILING
INSTALLATION
The owchart below shows the typical processes
involved in the installation of suspended ceiling during
construction. It serves as a guide on the activities that are
to be considered during the measurement of productivity
for this trade.
52
Transportation of Ceiling
Setting Out
Installation of Framework
Installation of Ceiling Panel
The following sections show the steps involved when installing suspended
ceiling. While the specic construction techniques employed may differ,
9.1.1 Transportation of Ceiling Material to Location

Transportation of ceiling materials to location refer to transporting from the
Transporting ceiling
Placing of ceiling materials

at working area
53
SUSPENDED CEILING
9.1
Suspended Ceiling Installation

Process
SUSPENDED CEILING
9.1.2
Setting Out
Fixing of wall angel

after ceiling level is
determined
Determine the
ceiling level
9.1.3
Installation of Framework
Installing the ceiling

framework. Ensure the
whole framing system
is rmly secured to the
structural soft
Installing the hanging

system for the ceiling
framework
54
SUSPENDED CEILING
9.1.4
Installation of Ceiling Panel
Installing plasterboard panel

by fastening it to ceiling
framework using screws at
regular intervals
Plastering of board
joint /ceiling surface
Filling up all screws holes

with joint compound
55
56
a)
Transporting of ceiling materials to location
b)
Setting out
c)
Installation of framework
d)
Installation of ceiling panel

a)
Type of equipment used. A material hoist was used in the example.
b)
4) The trade productivity is then calculated by dividing the area of suspended ceiling by the manhours taken.
2
example shows that about 4.02 manhours were required to install a suspended ceiling of 20m . This is
equivalent to 5 men working for approximately 0.80 hours to install a suspended ceiling of 20m2.

a)
Area of suspended ceiling
b)
Ceiling height
c)
Manpower used during the suspended ceiling installation; this should include the trade gang, safety
& health workers, machine operator that operates the lifting equipment e.g. material hoist. Work
done by the site management team such as planning should not be included as their main role is
1) The location where the suspended ceiling installation would be monitored should first be identified. It is
recommended for the builder to start the monitoring when the suspended ceiling installation has reached
the stage of a typical floor. The example shows the monitoring on Block 123 #05-13 Living Room.
Methodology
4.98m /manhours
20 m
4.02 manhours
Suspended ceilling area

Total manhours
1.00
1.21
1.21
4.02
Setting out
Installation of framework
Installation of ceiling panel
Total
0.60
(0.50
Transportation of ceiling materials to location

Time taken
manhours
manhours)
(excluded)
manhours
manhours
manhours
manhours

Safety and Health workers = 1 safety supervisor, 1 rigger/signaller.
Manpower Size
2
- Suspended ceiling area = 20m
- Ceiling height = 3200mm
Project Information
Case Example
Suspended Ceiling Installation Productivity Monitoring Form
The Suspended Ceiling Installation Productivity Monitoring Form has been designed to standardize the
monitoring of productivity for suspended ceiling installation. The methodology gives the step by step guide on
how to carry out the monitoring and the items to be included in the form. Builders should read the case
example and relate to the methodology before using the form.
9.2
SUSPENDED CEILING
Blk 123
#05-13
Living Room
Location
20
4.02
Total
Manhour
1,2
Taken
4.98
Trade
Productivity
2
(m /manhour)
1 x Material Hoist
1 x Scissor Lift
Non Mechanical:
Scaffold/Ladder/
Bench, etc.
Mechanical:
Boom/Scissor/
Personnel lift, etc.
3200
Ceiling Height
(mm)
3
2 men
Trade
2 men
Safety
and
6
Health
25%
Setting Out
30%
Installation
of
Framework
30%
Installation
of Ceiling
8
Panel
Checked By: _______________________

Date:
_______________________
15%
Transporting
Materials to
Location

1
2
3
4
Recorded By: __________________________

Date:
__________________________
1 man
Machine
4,5
Operator
Notes:
2) Activities that are performed off-site shall not be included (e.g. prefabrication, pre--installation).
8) M&E services and fire protection devices that are incorporated in the ceiling shall not be included.
Remark:
E.g.
S/no
Area
Done
2
(m )
Mechanical and
Non-mechanical
equipment used
(if any)
Project Title: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Suspended Ceiling Installation Productivity Monitoring Form
AIR-CON DUCTING
10
1
58
AIR-CON DUCTING
INSTALLATION
The owchart below shows the key processes involved
in the ducting of air-conditioning during construction.
this trade.
Transportation of Ducting
Folding and Forming of

Ductwork
Setting Out
Installation of Ducting
Installation of Insulation
The following sections show the steps involved when carrying out air-con
ducting installation. While the specic construction techniques employed
may differ, these are the common stages of work that are commonly carried
out on site.
10.1.1 Transportation of Ducting Materials to Location

Transportation of ducting materials to location refer to transporting from
Placing of ducting
materials near working
area
Transporting ducting materials to

working area
10.1.2
Folding and Forming of Ductwork

Folding and forming of ductwork include marking out, cutting, bending to
shape and assembling the parts together.
Marking and cutting of

ductwork to shape
Bending and forming of ductwork

section together
59
AIR-CON DUCTING
10.1
Air-Con Ducting
AIR-CON DUCTING
Assembling of duct
section
10.1.3
Setting Out
Setting out include marking out the ducting route, checking the alignment
and xing of hanger supports to ceiling.
Setting the alignment and

xing the hanger supports
60
AIR-CON DUCTING
10.1.4
Installation of Ducting
Installation of ductwork
after ensuring the correct
size is used
10.1.5
Installation of Insulation
Placing of insulation
to ductwork
Application of adhesive to
insulation (if necessary)
61
62
a)
Transporting of ducting materials to location
b)
Forming and folding of ducting
c)
Setting out
d)
Installing of ducting
e)
Installing of insulation

a)
b)
4) The trade productivity is then calculated by dividing the length of ducting by the manhours taken.
example shows that about 50 manhours were required to install 20m of air-con ducting. This is equivalent
to 5 men working for approximately 10 hours to install 20m of air-con ducting.

a)
Length of ducting installed
b)
Ceiling height
c)
Duct size
d)
Whether the ducting is prefabricated, pre-insulated or form and insulated on-site.
e) Manpower used during the air-con ducting installation; this should include the trade gang, safety &
health workers, machine operator that operates the lifting equipment e.g. material hoist. Work done
by the site management team such as planning should not be included as their main role is
1) The location where the air-con ducting installation would be monitored should first be identified. It is
recommended for the builder to start the monitoring when the air-con ducting installation has reached the
stage of a typical floor. The example shows the monitoring on Block 123 #05-13 Living Room.
Methodology
Case Example
20 m
50 manhours
0.40m/manhours
Length of ducting
Total manhours
9.50
9.50
14.00
12.00
50.00
Forming and folding of ducting
Setting out
Installing of ducting
Installing of insulation
Total
5.00
(3.00
Transportation of ducting materials to location

Time taken
manhours
manhours)
(excluded)
manhours
manhours
manhours
manhours
manhours

Safety and Health workers = 1 safety supervisor, 1 rigger/signaller.
Manpower Size
- Length of ducting = 20m
Project Information
Air-Con Ducting Installation Productivity Monitoring Form
The Air-Con Ducting Installation Productivity Monitoring Form has been designed to standardize the
monitoring of productivity for air-con ducting installation. The methodology gives the step by step guide on
example and the methodology before using the form.
10.2
AIR-CON DUCTING
Blk 123
#05-13
Living
Room
Location
20m
Duct
Length
(m)
50
Total
Manhour
1,2
Taken
0.40
Trade
Productivity
(m/manhour)
1 x Material Hoist
1 x Scissor Lift
Non Mechanical:
Scaffold/ladder/ bench,
etc.
Mechanical:
Boom/scissor/
personnel lifts, etc.

used
(if any)
3200
Ceiling
Height
(mm)
450 x
200
Duct
Size
On-site forming and

insulated
A) Prefabricated and
insulated on-site
B) Prefabricated
and pre-insulated
C) On-site fabrication
and insulation
Type of Ducting
2 men
Trade
2 men
Safety
and
6
Health
19%
Forming
and
Folding of
Ducting
19%
Setting
8
Out
28%
Installing
of Ducting
24%
Installing
of
Insulation
Checked By: _______________________

Date:
_______________________
10%
Transportation of
Ducting
Materials to
7
Location

1
2
3
4
Recorded By: __________________________

Date:
__________________________
1 man
4,5
Machine
Operator
Notes:
4) The machine operator manpower size refer to operators of lifting equipment, transportation equipment and temporary hoist.
5) Mechanical equipment that do not require a designated operator, for example scissor lift shall not be recorded under Machine Operator Manpower.
7) The time taken for the transportation of materials within the site by crane or other mechanical means shall be taken into account in the total manhour taken for the specific trade.
8) The manhours taken for the erection / dismantling of scaffold, if any, shall be recorded under the activities Setting Out.
Remark :
E.g.
S/no
Project Title:
(For Main Ducting Only)
Air-Con Ducting Installation Productivity Monitoring Form
ELECTRICAL CONDUIT
11
ELECTRICAL CONDUIT
INSTALLATION
The owchart below shows the typical processes involved in
the installation of electrical conduit during construction. It
serves as a guide on the activities that are to be considered
Transportation of Conduit Materials

to Location
Exposed Electrical
Conduit
Setting Out
Concealed Electrical Conduit
Drywall
Setting Out
Brick/Block
Setting Out
Including hacking
to form grooves
3
4
64
Preparation
of Materials
Installation of
Electrical Conduits
Preparation of
Materials
Installation of
Electrical Conduits
11.1
The following sections show the steps involved when installing electrical
conduit. While the specic construction techniques employed or type of
material used may differ, these are the common stages of work that are
commonly carried out on site.
11.1.1 Transportation of Conduit Materials to Location

Transportation of conduit materials to location refer to transporting from
Transporting electrical
conduits to working area
Placing of electrical
conduits near working area
65
ELECTRICAL CONDUIT
Electrical Conduit
ELECTRICAL CONDUIT
11.1.2
Setting Out
Setting out include marking the electrical conduit routing and creating
opening through wall for pipe penetration. The time taken for hacking of
block/ brickwall to conceal conduit is included.
Marking of pipe routing
11.1.3
Preparation of Materials
Preparation of materials includes cutting of electrical conduit, bending to
required shaped and forming of tread for junction connection.
Bending of electrical
conduit in-progress
66
ELECTRICAL CONDUIT
11.1.4
Installation of Electrical Conduits
Fixing electrical conduit to

holding bracket (Patching
of grooves and opening
shall not be included)
Installing of holding bracket

for electrical conduit
Laying and securing of the M & E

Services in slab
67
68
a)
Transporting of conduit materials to location
b)
Setting out
c)
Preparation of conduit materials
d)
Installation of electrical conduits

a)
b)
Breakdown of the manpower type. The example shows 2 tradesmen, 1 material hoist operator and 1
general worker.
4) The trade productivity is then calculated by dividing the length of electrical conduit by the manhours taken.
example shows that about 6.31 manhours were required to install 20m of electrical conduit. This is
equivalent to 4 men working for approximately 1.58 hours to install 20m of electrical conduit.

a)
Length of conduit installed
b)
Type of installation
c)
Conduit material
d)
Ceiling height
e) Manpower used during the electrical conduit installation; this should include the trade gang and
safety & health workers. Work done by the site management team such as planning should not be
included as their main role is management and does not influence the installation work directly.
1) The location where the electrical conduit installation would be monitored should first be identified. It is
recommended for the builder to start the monitoring when the electrical conduit installation has reached
the stage of a typical floor. The example shows the monitoring on Block 123 #05-13 Kitchen.
Methodology
3.01m/manhours
20 m
6.31 manhours
Length of conduit
Total manhours
1.20
1.89
2.42
6.31
Setting out
Preparation of materials
Installation of electrical conduits
Total
0.80
(0.50
Transportation of conduit materials to location

Time taken

Manpower Size
This project consists of 3 blocks of residential buildings:- Location = Block 123 #05-13 Kitchen
- Length of conduit = 20m
Project Information
Case Example
Electrical Conduit Installation Productivity Monitoring Form
The Electrical Conduit Installation Productivity Monitoring Form has been designed to standardize the
monitoring of productivity for electrical conduit installation. The methodology gives the step by step guide on
example and relate to the methodology before using the form.
11.2
manhours
manhours)
(excluded)
manhours
manhours
manhours
manhours
ELECTRICAL CONDUIT
Blk 123
#05-13
Kitchen
Location
20
6.31
3.01
Trade
Productivity
(m/manhour)
1 x Material Hoist
1 x Ladder
Non Mechanical:
Scaffold/Ladder/
Bench, etc.
Mechanical:
Boom/Scissor/
Personnel Lifts,
etc.
Exposed Conduit
1) Exposed Conduit
2) Concealed
(Drywall)
3) Concealed
(Brick/Block)
4) M&E Conduits in
Slab
Type of Installation
GI
% UPVC
% GI
% Others
Conduit
Material
2900
Ceiling
Height
(mm)
2 men
1 man
Machine
4
Operator
1 man
Safety and
Health
Manpower
5
Size
19%
Setting
7
Out
30%
Preparation
of
Conduit
Materials
39%
Installation
of Electrical
8
Conduits
Checked By: _______________________

Date:
_______________________
Percentage of time taken for Activities 1 to 4 MUST add

up to 100 %.
12%
Transportati
on of
Conduit
Materials to
6
Location

1
2
3
4
Recorded By: __________________________

Date:
__________________________
Trade
3
Manpower
Notes:
8) The installation of M&E conduits in slab during the structural stage should be monitored separately in m/manhour.
Remark:
E.g.
S/no
Length
(m)
Total
Manhour
1,2
Taken
Mechanical and
Non-mechanical
equipment used
(if any)
Project Title: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Electrical Conduit Installation Productivity Monitoring Form
WATER PIPE INSTALLATION
12
1
WATER PIPE
INSTALLATION
in the installation of water pipe during construction.
this trade.
Transportation of Piping Materials

to Location
Exposed Water Pipe
Setting Out
Concealed Water Pipe
Drywall
Preparation of
Materials
Installation of
Water Pipes
70
Setting Out
3
4
Block / Brickwall
Setting Out
Including hacking
to form grooves
Preparation of
Materials
Installation of
Water Pipes
The following sections show the steps involved when installing water pipe.
12.1.1
Transportation of Piping Materials to Location

Transportation of piping materials to location refer to transporting from the
Placing of piping materials

near working area
Transporting
piping materials to
working area
12.1.2
Setting Out
Setting out include marking the water pipe routing and creating opening
through wall for pipe penetration. The time take for hacking of block/
brickwall to conceal the water pipe shall be included.
Hacking of grooves and

opening (if necessary)
71
12.1
Water Pipe
12.1.3
Preparation of Water Pipes

Preparation of water pipe include the marking & cutting of the water pipe.
Measuring and marking

on water pipe
Cutting of water pipe to

required length
Bending of
water pipe
Cutting of PEX pipe
72
Installation of Water Pipes

Installation of water pipes includes jointing of water pipe and mounting to
wall bracket. There are various methods of jointing such as the following:
Jointing of water
pipe by soldered
connection
Jointing of water
pipe by crimped
connection
Joining of water
pipe by threaded
connection
Jointing of PEX pipe

by pressed connection
73
12.1.4
74
a)
Transporting of piping materials to location
b)
Setting out
c)
Preparation of piping materials
d)
Installation of water pipe

a)
b)
Breakdown of the manpower type. The example shows 2 tradesmen, 1 material hoist operator and 1
general worker.
4) The trade productivity is then calculated by dividing the length of water pipe by the manhours taken.
example shows that about 8 manhours were required to install 20m of water pipe. This is equivalent to 4
men working for approximately 2.00 hours to install 20m of water pipe.

a)
Pipe length
b)
Method of connection
c)
Concealed or exposed piping
d)
Piping material
e)
Ceiling height
f)
Manpower used during the water pipe installation; this should include the trade gang and safety &
health workers. Work done by the site management team such as planning should not be included
as their main role is management and does not influence the installation work directly.
1) The location where the water pipe installation would be monitored should first be identified. It is
recommended for the builder to start the monitoring when the water pipe installation has reached the
stage of a typical floor. The example shows the monitoring on Block 123 #05-13 Kitchen.
Methodology
Case Example
20 m
8 manhours
2.50m/manhours
Length of water pipe

Total manhours
1.20
2.80
3.20
8.00
Setting out
Preparation of piping materials
Installation of water pipe
Total
0.80
(0.50
Transportation of ducting materials to location

Time taken

Safety and Health Workers = 1 general worker
Manpower Size
This project consists of 3 blocks of residential buildings:- Location = Block 123 #05-13 Kitchen
- Length of water pipe = 20m
Project Information
Water Pipe Installation Productivity Monitoring Form
The Water Pipe Installation Productivity Monitoring Form has been designed to standardize the monitoring of
productivity for water pipe installation. The methodology gives the step by step guide on how to carry out the
monitoring and the items to be included in the form. Builders should read the case example and relate to the
12.2
manhours
manhours)
(excluded)
manhours
manhours
manhours
manhours
10
Blk 123
#05-13
Kitchen
Location
20m
Pipe
Length
(m)
2.5
Trade
Productivity
(m/manhour)
1xMaterial Hoist
1xLadder
Soldered
connection
% Soldered
connection
Mechanical:
% Crimped or
Boom/Scissor/
pressed
Personnel Lifts,
connection
etc.
% Threaded
connection
Non Mechanical:
Scaffold/Ladder/
Bench, etc.
Method of
Connection
Exposed
Concealed /
Exposed
Piping
Copper
% Copper
% PEX
% PPR
Piping
Material
3200
Ceiling
Height
(mm)
3
2 men
Trade
1 man
Safety and
5
Health
15%
Setting
7,8
Out
35%
Preparation
of Materials
40%
Installation
of Water
9
Pipe
Checked By: _______________________

Date:
_______________________
Percentage of time taken for Activities 1 to 4 MUST add up

to 100 %.
10%
Transportation of
Piping Materials
6
to Location

1
2
3
4
Recorded By: __________________________

Date:
__________________________
1 man
Machine
4
Operator
Notes:
7) The time taken to hack away opening or groove for concealment of piping shall be recorded. Patching of void to seal up opening or conceal ed piping shall not be recorded.
9) The time taken for testing of water leakage or rectification work to leaking parts shall not be included.
Remark:
E.g.
S/no
Total
Manhour
1,2
Taken
Mechanical and
Non-mechanical
equipment used
(if any)
Project Title: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________
Water Pipe Installation Productivity Monitoring Form
References
76
1.
ASTM E2691 Practice for Job Productivity Measurements by

ASTM International
2.
Good Industry Practices - Ceramic Tiling (Second Edition) by

Building and Construction Authority
3.
Good Industry Practices - Timber Doors by Building and

Construction Authority
4.
Good Industry Practices - Painting (Second Edition) by Building

and Construction Authority
Notes
Notes
5 Maxwell Road # 16-00

Tower Block MND Complex Singapore 069110
Tel: 6325 7720 Fax: 6325 4800
Website: www.bca.gov.sg
Email: bca_enquiry@bca.gov.sg

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A guide to help builders

TAN TIAN CHONG

Dragages Singapore Pte Ltd

Mr Tnay Kwang Meng

Ho Lee Construction Pte Ltd

Mr Chao Shi Jie

Singa Development Pte Ltd

Mr Hua Tai Suan, Andy

Singa Development Ptd Ltd

Mr Hong Wee Khong

Mr Tan Thiam Huat

Unison Construction Ptd Ltd

Woh Hup (Pte) Ltd

2. Reinforcement Placing and Fixing

6. Timber Door Installation

9. Suspended Ceiling Installation

10. Air-Con Ducting Installation

11. Electrical Conduit Installation

12. Water Pipe Installation

12.1 Water Pipe Installation Process

1 Dismantling of Table Formwork

Lifting of Table Formwork from

Setting Out, Alignment and Level Check

Placing of Inll Form, if any

1.1.1 Dismantling of Table Formwork

Securing lifting cable to

Lowering down the

Shifting of table formwork

Lifting of Table Formwork from Previous Floor

Lifting of table formwork by crane to the oor above.

Setting Out, Alignment and Level Check

Positioning the table

Placing of Inll Form, if any

Placing of inll panel

5) The following information should be provided in the form:

2) The following should then be calculated or recorded:

Setting out, alignment & level checks

Trade manpower = 4men

This project consists of 3 blocks of residential buildings:th

Formwork Installation Productivity Monitoring Form

Checked By: _______________________

Percentage of time taken for Activities 1 to 4 MUST add up to 100 %.

Please indicate the % of time taken in each activities

Recorded By: __________________________

Breakdown of Manpower Size

Mechanical and Nonmechanical equipment

Project Title: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _ ___________________________________________

Formwork Productivity Monitoring Form

The owchart below shows the typical processes involved

Placing and Fixing of

Laying and Securing of M&E

2.1.1 Preparation of Reinforcement

2.1.2 Transportation of Reinforcement to Location

Placing and Fixing of Reinforcement

Placing of concrete spacer

Fixing of re-bars using

Fixing of re-bars using

Laying and Securing of M&E Services

Securing of conduits to re-bars

Project Title: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _