Software Defined Networking

Software Defined
Networking
Dr. Nick Feamster
Professor
In this course, you will learn about software defined networking and
how it is changing the way communications networks are
managed, maintained, and secured.
Software Defined Networking
Module 1: History of SDN

This lesson: Network Virtualization
What is network virtualization?
What is its history? (w/examples)
1990s (and before): Switchlets
Mid-2000s: VINI, Cabo
Looking forward
Network
virtualization and SDN

2
Evolution of Supporting Technologies

(Three Lessons)
Central network control: Dates back (at least)

to AT&Ts network control point (1980s)
Programmability in networks: Active networks

(1990s)
Network virtualization: Switchlets (1990s),

VINI (2000s)
3
What is Network Virtualization?

Representation
of one or more logical

network topologies on the same
infrastructure.
Many different instantiations
Virtual LANs (VLANs)
Various technologies and network testbeds
Today: VMWare, Nicira, etc.
Benefits of Network Virtualization

Sharing
Multiple
logical routers on a single platform

Resource isolation in CPU, memory,
bandwidth, forwarding tables,
Customizability
Customizable rou/ng and forwarding so5ware
General-purpose CPUs for the control plane
Network processors and
FPGAs for data plane
Fixed Physical Infrastructure
Shared By Many Parties
Arbitrary Virtual Topologies
Three Examples of Virtual Networks

Tempest:
Switchlets (1998)
Separation of control framework from switches

Virtualization of the switch
VINI: A Virtual
Network Infrastructure (2006)
Virtualization of the network infrastructure
Cabo:
Separates infrastructure, services (2007)
The Tempest Architecture: Switchlets

Multiple
control
architectures over ATM
Separation of switch
controller and fabric via
open signaling
Partitioning of switch
resources across
controllers
van der Merwe, Jacobus E., et al. "The tempest-a prac/cal framework for
network programmability." Network, IEEE 12.3 (1998): 20-28.
10
Switch Divider
Partitions
port space,
bandwidth, buffers
Different controllers
control each switchlet
van der Merwe, Jacobus E., et al. "The tempest-a prac/cal framework for
network programmability." Network, IEEE 12.3 (1998): 20-28.
11
VINI: Virtual Network Infrastructure

Bridge the gap between lab experiments and live experiments at scale.
Emula/on
Simula/on
?
VINI
Small-scale
experiment
Runs real routing software

Exposes realistic network conditions
Gives control over network events
Carries traffic on behalf of real users
Shared among many experiments
Bavier, Andy, et al. "In VINI veritas: realis/c and controlled network experimenta/on." ACM
SIGCOMM Computer Communica9on Review. Vol. 36. No. 4. ACM, 2006.
Live
deployment
12
XORP: Control Plane

XORP
(rou9ng protocols)
BGP, OSPF, RIP, PIMSM, IGMP/MLD

Goal: run real routing
protocols on virtual
network topologies
13
Click: Data Plane
UML
XORP
Avoid UML overhead
(rou9ng protocols)
eth0
eth1
eth2
Move to kernel, FPGA
eth3
Control

Packet
Forward
Engine

Click

Performance
Uml Switch
element
Tunnel table
Filters
Interfaces tunnels
Click UDP tunnels
Data
correspond to UML network

interfaces
Filters
Fail a link by blocking
packets at tunnel
14
Concurrent Architectures are Better than One

Infrastructure Providers
Service Providers
Infrastructure providers: Maintain routers, links, data centers, and other

physical infrastructure
Service providers: Offer end-to-end services (e.g., layer 3 VPNs, SLAs,
etc.) to users
Today: ISPs try to play both roles,
and cannot offer end-to-end services
Feamster, Nick, Lixin Gao, and Jennifer Rexford. "How to lease the Internet in your spare /me."
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communica9on Review 37.1 (2007): 61-64.
Examples in Communications Networks

Two
commercial examples in IP networks
Packet Fabric: share routers at exchange points

FON: resells userswireless Internet connectivity
Broker
FON economic refactoring

Infrastructure providers: Buy upstream connectivity
Service provider: FON as the broker
Summary
What is network virtualization?
Separate logical network from the infrastructure
What
is the history?
Virtual switches (1990s: Switchlets), networks
(2006: VINI), services (2007: Cabo)

What
is the legacy for SDN?
Separate service from infrastructure

Multiple controllers of a single switch
Logical network topologies
17
Evolution of Supporting Technologies

(Three Lessons)
Central network control: Dates back (at least)

to AT&Ts network control point (1980s)
Programmability in networks: Active networks

(1990s)
Network virtualization: Switchlets (1990s),

VINI (2000s)
18
Goal: Control and Realism
Topology
Arbitrary,
emulated
Synthe9c or
traces
Reproduce results
Actual
network
Trac
Methodically change or relax
constraints
Real clients,
servers
Network Events
Inject faults,
anomalies
Control
Realism
Long-running services
Connectivity to real Internet
Forward high traffic volumes (Gb/s)
Handle unexpected events
Observed in
opera9onal
network
19
Similar Trends in Other Industries

Example: Commercial aviation
Infrastructure providers: Airports
Infrastructure: Gates, hands and eyes support
Service providers: Airlines
JFK
SFO
PEK
ATL
Enabling End-to-End Services

Secure routing protocols
Multi-provider Virtual Private Networks
Paths with end-to-end performance guarantees
Today
Competing ISPs
with different goals
must coordinate
Cabo
Single service
provider controls
end-to-end path

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