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    Black Body Radiation-Online Notes

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    Neeraj Mosawa
    A black body is an ideal system which can absorb and emit all type of radiations Spectrum of thermal radiation. Cavity Radiator

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    Black Body Radiation-Online Notes

    Uploaded by

    Neeraj Mosawa
    1K views3 pages
    A black body is an ideal system which can absorb and emit all type of radiations Spectrum of thermal radiation. Cavity Radiator

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    A black body is an ideal system which can absorb and emit all type of radiations Spectrum of thermal radiation. Cavity Radiator

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    1K views3 pages

    Black Body Radiation-Online Notes

    Uploaded by

    Neeraj Mosawa
    A black body is an ideal system which can absorb and emit all type of radiations Spectrum of thermal radiation. Cavity Radiator

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    BLACK BODY RADIATION:

    Definition:A black body is an ideal system which can absorb and


    emit all type of radiations.
    Explanation:Black body absorbs all the radiations falling on it and
    at

    suitable

    temperature

    this

    body

    reemits

    these

    radiations.
    Radiation emitted by a hot body due to its temperature is
    called thermal radiation. Examples are hot bodies such as sun,
    incandescent electric bulbs, and charcoal fire etc. all these are
    emitting radiation but they are not black bodies.
    An ideal black body does not exist but a good
    approximation to a black body is a heat resisting material
    containing a cavity with a small hole called cavity radiator.
    Cavity Radiator:It consists of a hollow cavity having small opening at
    one end. Its inner walls are made rough and coated with lamp
    black or some good absorber.
    The inner surface is made rough to avoid the regular reflection of
    light. The radiations are allowed to enter cavity through small
    opening.

    These

    radiations

    undergo

    completely absorbed inside the cavity.

    irregular

    reflection

    and

    This body tries to bring itself in thermal equilibrium


    with surrounding by emitting these radiations. These radiates are
    called black body radiations and such body is called black body.
    The intensity of the emitted energy for each wavelength radiated
    by a hot body at different temperatures is measured by the
    apparatus shown in the figure.
    The spectral distribution for non black heated solids is very
    similar to that of a black body.
    The difference between the normal hot body and
    perfect black body is that energy emitted by the former depends
    on the temperature as well as nature of the body, where as the
    radiation emitted by the later depends only on the absolute
    temperature T. More over the radiation emission and absorption
    properties of a material which is not black can be deduced from
    that of a black body.
    The spectrum of thermal radiation obtained from a
    black body at various temperatures is shown in the fig.

    The following results are obtained from this spectrum:

    The radiation from the cavity interior is

    always more intense than the radiation from the outside wall.
    This means that the radiations are mainly present in the interior

    and therefore the black body cavity is the best absorber and also
    the best radiator.

    The radiations are distributed in a wide

    range in a continuous manner. This distribution changes with


    temperature. Only a small fraction of the emitted radiation has
    a wavelength in the visible range. Most is the infrared range.

    At each temperature T, the energy radiated

    is maximum for a certain wavelength

    max

    . As the temperature

    rises, this radiation maximum shifts towards shorter wavelength.


    The shift obeys Wiens displacement law i.e.

    max

    x T = Constant

    ( = 2.90 x 10-3 mK.)

    The amount of energy of all wavelengths

    radiated per unit area is proportional to the forth power of the


    absolute temperature of the black body. i.e. E =
    = 5.67 x 10-8 watt/ m2 K4.

    T4. Where

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