Game Lan

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Gamelan is a traditional Indonesian ensemble music made up predominantly of metallophones, xylophones, drums and other instruments. It is an integral part of Indonesian culture.

The most common instruments used in gamelan are metallophones played with mallets, kendhang drums, xylophones, bamboo flutes, rebab fiddle and vocalists.

The main gamelan styles are from Bali, Java and Sunda, which developed from mixing loud and soft styles. Despite diversity, many theoretical concepts and techniques are shared.

Name: Muhammad Ardany Bin Nazlim 18149

Group : Jumaat 8-10


Chapter 1: Intro
Gamelan is the traditional ensemble music
of Java and Bali in Indonesia, made up predominantly of percussive
instruments.
The
most
common
instruments
used
are metallophones played by mallets and a set of hand-played drums
called kendhang which register the beat. Other instruments include
xylophones, bamboo flutes, a bowed instrument called a rebab, and
even vocalists called sindhen.
Although the popularity of gamelan has declined since
the introduction of pop music, gamelan is still commonly played on
formal occasions and in many traditional Indonesian ceremonies. For
most Indonesians, gamelan is an integral part of Indonesian culture

Chapter 3: History
The gamelan predates the Hindu-Buddhist culture that
dominated Indonesia in its earliest records and instead represents a
native art form. The instruments developed into their current form during
the Majapahit Empire.[6] In contrast to the heavy Indian influence in other
art forms, the only obvious Indian influence in gamelan music is in the
Javanese style of singing, and in the themes of the Wayang
kulit (shadow puppet plays).
In Javanese mythology, the gamelan was created by
Sang Hyang Guru in Saka era 167 (c. AD 230), the god who ruled as
king of all Java from a palace on the Maendra mountain in Medang
Kamulan (now Mount Lawu). He needed a signal to summon the gods
and thus invented the gong. For more complex messages, he invented
two other gongs, thus forming the original gamelan set.

The earliest image of a musical ensemble is found on the


8th century Borobudur temple, Central Java. Musical instruments such
as the bamboo flute, bells, drums in various sizes, lute, and bowed and
plucked string instruments were identified in this image. However it lacks
metallophones and xylophones. Nevertheless, the image of this musical
ensemble is suggested to be the ancient form of the gamelan.
In the palaces of Java are the oldest known ensembles,
the Munggang and Kodokngorek gamelans, apparently from the 12th
century. These formed the basis of a "loud style". A different, "soft style"
developed out of the kemanak tradition and is related to the traditions of
singingJavanese poetry, in a manner which is often believed to be
similar to performance of modern bedhaya dance. In the 17th century,
these loud and soft styles mixed, and to a large extent the variety of
modern gamelan styles of Bali, Java, and Sunda resulted from different
ways of mixing these elements. Thus, despite the seeming diversity of
styles, many of the same theoretical concepts, instruments, and
techniques are shared between the styles.

Chapter 4: Varities (Gamelan Jawa)


Javanese gamelan was largely dominated by the courts of the
19th century central Javanese rulers, each with its own style, but overall
is known for a slower, more meditative style than that of Bali. Although
Javanese gamelan can be made from steel, the better instruments are
made of cast bronze. The two kinds of instruments are tuned in different
ways.
In oral Javanese culture distinctions are made between
complete or incomplete, archaic and modern, and large standard and
small village gamelan. The various archaic ensembles are distinguished
by their unique combinations of instruments and possession of obsolete
instruments such as the bell-tree (byong) in the 3-toned gamelan kodhok
ngorek. Regionally variable village gamelan are often distinguished from
standard gamelan (which have the rebab as the main melodic

instrument)
by
their
inclusion
of
a
double-reed
wind
(selompret, slompret, or sompret) in addition to variable drum and gong
components, with some also including the shaken bamboo angklung or
other instruments not usually associated with gamelan
Chapter 5: Gamelan Jawa (Instrument)
1. Gong

2. Sarong, demung and peking

3. Kempol

4. Kenong

6. Slenthem

7. Bonang

8. Gender

9. Gendang (kendhang)

10. Gambang

11. Rehab

12. Sither

13. Suling

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