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Product

Course Code

Product

OEA01

LTE

1.01

Developer/Modifier

Time

Approver

New/Update

Yangmuguang

20090311

Mijia

New

Liang Jie

20100411

Mijia

Update

Version

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Course Version ISSUE

Page0

LTE System
Overview

www.huawei.com

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Objectives
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
Describe LTE development and features
Outline LTE network architecture
Explain LTE key technologies
Describe LTE protocol and channel
Describe LTE deployment

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page2

Contents
1. LTE System Overview
2. LTE Key Technologies
3. LTE Protocol and Channels
4. LTE Deployment

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page3

Contents
1. LTE System Overview
2. LTE Key Technologies
3. LTE Protocol and Channels
4. LTE Deployment

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page4

Contents
1. LTE System Overview
1.1 LTE Development
1.2 LTE Network Architecture
1.3 LTE Operating Bands and Channel Bandwidths

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page5

3G Long Term Evolution--LTE

DL: ~141Mbps
UL: ~50Mbps

~150 ms

LTE in R8
DL: ~42Mbps
UL: ~11Mbps

~100 ms

HSPA+ in R7/R8

DL: ~14.4Mbps
UL: ~5.76Mbps

HSPA in R5/R6
~70 ms
DL: ~384Kbps
UL: ~384Kbps
~45 ms
DL: ~144-360Kbps
UL: ~144-360Kbps

3G-WCDMA in
R99/R4

~20ms

GPRS/EDGE

Year 2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012 or later

LTE is the next step in the evolution of 3GPP Radio Interfaces to deliver Global
Mobile Broadband.

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page6

Drivers for LTE

There are at least three major key drivers for LTE mobile
broadband networks:
Demand for higher data-rates
increasing device capabilities, growing mobile data consumption

New spectrum allocation

Maintaining operator profitability while continued cost reduction and
competitiveness.

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page7

Contents
1. LTE System Overview
1.1 LTE Development
1.2 LTE Network Architecture
1.3 LTE Operating Bands and Channel Bandwidths

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page8

LTE Network Architecture

E-UTRAN (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access
Network)

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page9

LTE/SAE Network Architecture - cont.

SAE
SGSN

EPS (Evolved Packet System)

Gb

GPRS

BTS

BSC/PCU

Control plane
User plane

Iu
S3

S6d

HSS

PCRF

S6a

S10

S9

UMTS

NodeB

MME

RNC

S12

Operator Service
Network

S4
Gx

S11

S1-MME
S5/8

S1-U

E-UTRAN

eNodeB

Serving GW
A10/A11

SGi

PDN GW

Corporate
Internet

S2a

cdma2000

BTS
BSC

PDSN

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Internet

Page10

Contents
1. LTE System Overview
1.1 LTE Development
1.2 LTE Network Architecture
1.3 LTE Operating Bands and Channel Bandwidths

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page11

LTE Operating Bands

LTE supports both FDD mode and TDD mode.
3GPP defines many bands for LTE.

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page12

LTE Channel Bandwidths

LTE must support the international wireless market and
regional spectrum regulations and spectrum availability. To
this end the specifications include variable channel
bandwidths selectable from 1.4 to 20 MHz, with subcarrier
spacing of 15 kHz.
Channel bandwidth
BWChannel [MHz]

1.4

10

15

20

Transmission
bandwidth
configuration NRB

15

25

50

75

100

NRB is the number of resource

blocks
Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page13

Contents
1. LTE System Overview
2. LTE Key Technologies
3. LTE Protocol and Channels
4. LTE Deployment

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page14

LTE Key Technologies

OFDMA: Orthogonal frequency division multiple access
SC-FDMA: Single carrier-frequency division multiple
access
MIMO: Multiple input multiple output
64QAM

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page15

Multiple access technology in the

downlink: OFDM and OFDMA
OFDMA is used as multiple access technology in downlink.
OFDMA is a variant of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
(OFDM), a digital multi-carrier modulation scheme.
5 MHz Bandwidth

FFT

Sub-carriers

Guard Intervals

Symbols

Frequency

Time

OFDM signal represented in frequency and time

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page16

Multiple access technology in the

downlink: OFDM and OFDMA (cont.)
OFMDA incorporates elements of time division multiple access
(TDMA).

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page17

Downlink OFDM Implementation

s(t)

S/P

IFFT M

Add
Cyclic
Prefix

P/S

Transmitter
Channel
n(t)

Receiver
r(t)

P/S

FFT

Remove
Cyclic
Prefix

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

S/P

Page18

Downlink OFDM Implementation (cont.)

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page19

Multiple access technology in the uplink:

SC-FDMA
The high peak-to-average ratio (PAR) associated with OFDM led
3GPP to look for a different transmission scheme for the LTE
uplink.
SC-FDMA is used in uplink as multiple access technology.

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page20

Comparison of OFDMA and SC-FDMA

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page21

Overview of MIMO
MIMO: Multiple Input Multiple Output

Transmitter

Wireless
Channel

Channel Condition Feedback

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page22

Receiver

What can MIMO provide?

Here is a example for 2*2 MIMO.
Data Stream 1

Transmitter

Wireless Channel

Receiver

Data Stream 2

Channel Condition Feedback

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page23

LTE Multiple Antenna Scheme

In downlink LTE can use 2*2 or higher order MIMO to increase
date rate.
In uplink MU-MIMO (multi-user MIMO) can be used to double
uplink capacity.
With MU-MIMO the uplink peak data rate of single user can not be
doubled.

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page24

AMC & 64QAM

AMC, Adaptive Modulation and Coding
the radio-link data rate is controlled by adjusting the
modulation scheme and/or the channel coding rate
DL/UL modulations: QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page25

Contents
1. LTE System Overview
2. LTE Key Technologies
3. LTE Protocol and Channels
4. LTE Deployment

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page26

Contents
3. LTE Protocol Stacks and Channels
3.1 LTE Protocol Stacks
3.2 LTE Channels
3.3 LTE Radio Frame

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page27

Functional Split between E-UTRAN and

EPC

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page28

Functional Split between E-UTRAN and

EPC

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page29

Radio Interface Protocol Architecture

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page30

Radio Interface Protocol Architecture (cont.)

User-plane protocol stack

Control-plane protocol stack

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page31

LTE Physical Channel

DL
Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)
Physical Control Format Indicator Channel (PCFICH)
Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)
Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel (PHICH)
Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)
Physical Multicast Channel (PMCH)

UL
Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)
Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)
Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page32

LTE Transport Channel

Physical layer transport channels offer information transfer to medium
access control (MAC) and higher layers
DL
Broadcast Channel (BCH)
Downlink Shared Channel (DL-SCH)
Paging Channel (PCH)
Multicast Channel (MCH)

UL
Uplink Shared Channel (UL-SCH)
Random Access Channel (RACH)

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page33

LTE Transport Channel

Physical layer transport channels offer information transfer to medium
access control (MAC) and higher layers
DL
Broadcast Channel (BCH)
Downlink Shared Channel (DL-SCH)
Paging Channel (PCH)
Multicast Channel (MCH)

UL
Uplink Shared Channel (UL-SCH)
Random Access Channel (RACH)

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page34

LTE Logical Channel

Logical channels are offered by the MAC layer
Control Channels: Control-plane information
Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH)
Paging Control Channel (PCCH)
Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH)
Multicast Control Channel (MCCH Dedicated Control Channel)
Common Control Channel (CCCH)

Traffic Channels: User-plane information

Dedicated Traffic Channel (DTCH): transmission of all uplink and nonMBMS downlink user data
Multicast Traffic Channel (MTCH): transmission of MBMS services
Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page35

Channel Mappings

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page36

Frame Structure
FDD frame structure

TDD frame structure

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page37

Resource Grid

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page38

Bandwidth Configuration

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page39

Contents
1. LTE System Overview
2. LTE Key Technologies
3. LTE Protocol and Channels
4. LTE Deployment

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page40

LTE Network Composition

LTE

SAE

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page41

LTE Network Transport

eNB

FE/GE

100/1000Base-T, RJ45
100Base-FX/1000Base-X,
SM or MM Fiber, SFPbased connector

IP
MAC
PHY

RNC/BSC

FE/GE o/e

Legacy
2G/3G
FE/GE

FE/GE

IP/Ethernet
Network

SAE GW
/PDN GW
eNB
eN
B
FE/GE

FE/GE

Co-transmission with legacy 2G/3G

BTS/Node B

Co-transmission for Multi-mode base station

eNB
eNB
FE/GE

eNB

FE/GE

FE/GE

eNB Daisy-chaining with integrated IP switching

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page42

eNodeB 3900 Series

eNB
Modularization
1
RRU/RFU

2
BBU

uniNodeB
3

Platform

GSM/TD-SCDMA/WCDMA/CDMA/LTE Unified All-IP Base Station Architecture

Modularization

Using BBU plus RRU and RFU leads to a flexible configuration for Distributed and
Macro.
Multimode

Modularization Supports Different Modes

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page43

Smooth evolution to LTE

GSM / UMTS / HSPA(14.4M/5.76M) /
HSPA+(28M/11.5M)

LTE (100M/50M)
Different band

Same band

Software upgrade

RRU

GSM/HSPA(+)/LTE RRU

LTE RRU

Adding LTE RRU

LTE Card

BBU
Same band

Software upgrade
BBU
Cabinet-based Node B

Different band

GSM/HSPA(+)/LTE RFU

LTE RFU

BBU
Adding LTE RFU

LTE Card

Investment protection while evolving from GSM/UMTS to LTE

Radio units for GSM/UMTS and LTE are inter-changeable in the same frequency band
Baseband boards in multi-mode BBU are inter-changeable between GSM/UMTS and LTE

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page44

Flexible evolution for Cabinet NodeB

UUU
+++
HHH

UMTS/HSPA
rollout

GGG GGG
SSS S S S
MMMMMM

GSM
update/rollout

UMTS&LTE operator
UUU L L L
+++ TTT
HHH E E E

LTE for high speed

mobile broadband

GSM&UMTS operator
UMTS roll out will
reduce GSM
U U U G GG
expansion
+ + + SSS
investment at H H H
MMM
hot spot

UMTS/HSPA + LTE
convergence

LLLLLL
TTTTTT
EEEEEE

Reuse GSM
frequency resource
for LTE
LTE for mobile
broadband

UMTS/HSPA + GSM

GSM for Voice

HSPA/LTE for
Data network

Operator issue
New business
ALL IP service

LTE

G GG L L L
SSS TTT
MMM E E E

Operator issue
New business
ALL IP service

GSM + LTE Data

network convergence

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page45

Summary
Standardization in the form of 3GPP Release 8
Support for both FDD and TDD.
Flexible spectrum allocation (1.4 ~ 20 MHz).
IP-based flat network architecture
Multicarrier-based radio air interface
OFDMA and SC-FDMA
Multi-input multi-output (MIMO)
Adaptive modulation and coding
DL modulations: QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM
UL modulations: QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM
ARQ within RLC sublayer and Hybrid ARQ within MAC sublayer

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page46

LTE Standard Specifications

Freely downloadable from
http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/archive/36_series/

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page47

Thank you
www.huawei.com