Physics 2004 Set 1: Subjective Test

Physics 2004 Set 1
(i)
(ii)
Close
Subjective Test
All questions are compulsory.
There are 30 questions in total.
Questions 1 to 8 carry one mark each,
Questions 9 to 18 carry two marks each,
Question 19 to 27 carry three marks each and
Question 28 to 30 carry five marks each.
(iii) There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided.
(iv) Wherever necessary, the diagrams drawn should be neat and properly labelled.
(v)
Use of calculators is not permitted.
Question 1 ( 1.0 marks)
Why is shortwave band used for long distance radio broadcast?

Two metals A and B have work functions 2 eV and 5 eV respectively. Which metal has lower
threshold wavelength?
Draw the voltage-current characteristic of a zener diode.

A solenoid with an iron core and a bulb is connected to a d.c. source. How does the brightness of
the bulb change when the iron core is removed from the solenoid?
Peak value of e.m.f of an a.c. source is E0. What is its r.m.s value?
Question
Question
Question
Question
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7
8
9
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An electric dipole of length 4 cm, when placed with its axis making an angle of 60 with a
uniform electric field, experiences a torque of
Nm. Calculate the (i) magnitude of the
electric field (ii) potential energy of the dipole, if the dipole has charges of 8 nC.
Explain how the resistivity of a conductor depends upon (i) number density n of free electrons,
and (ii) relaxation time .
Two long parallel straight wires X and Y separated by a distance of 5 cm in air carry currents of
10 A and 5 A respectively in opposite directions. Calculate the magnitude and direction of the
force on a 20 cm length of the wire Y.
Or
A circular coil of 100 turns, radius 10 cm carries a current of 5 A. It is suspended vertically in a
uniform horizontal magnetic field of 0.5 T, the field lines making an angle of 60 with the plane
of the coil. Calculate the magnitude of the torque that must be applied on it to prevent it from
turning.
A bar magnet M is dropped so that it falls vertically through the coil C. The graph obtained for
voltage produced across the coil vs. time is shown in figure (b).
(i) Explain the shape of the graph.
(ii) Why is the negative peak longer than the positive peak?
T.V. tower has a height of 400 m at a given place. Calculate as coverage range, if the radius of
the earth is 6400 km.
Draw a ray diagram of an astronomical telescope in the normal adjustment position. Write down
the expression for its magnifying power.
Give the logic symbol for an OR gate. Draw the output wave form for input wave forms A and B
for this gate.
State Gauss theorem in electrostatics. Using this theorem, derive an expression for the electric
field intensity due to an infinite plane sheet of charge density C/m2.
A 10 F capacitor is charged by a 30 V d.c. supply and then connected across an uncharged 50

F capacitor. Calculate (i) the final potential difference across the combination, and (ii) the initial
and final energies. How will you account for the difference in energy?
The circuit diagram shows the use of a potentiometer to measure a small emf produced by a
thermocouple connected between X and Y. The cell C, of emf 2 V, has negligible internal
resistance. The potentiometer wire PQ is 1.00 m long and has a resistance of 5 . The balance
point S is found to be 400 mm from P. Calculate the value of emf V, generated by the
thermocouple.
Using Biot-Savart law, deduce an expression for the magnetic field on the axis of a circular
current loop. Draw the magnetic field lines due to a circular current carrying loop.
Or
A hydrogen ion of mass m and charge q travels with a speed v in a circle of radius r in a
magnetic field of intensity B. Write the equation in 4 terms of these quantities only, relating the
force on the ion to the required centripetal force. Hence derive an expression for its time.
A uniform magnetic field gets modified as shown below, when two specimens X and Y are
placed in it.
(i) Identify the two specimens X and Y.

(ii) State the reason for the behaviour of the field lines in X and Y.
Two narrow slits are illuminated by a single monochromatic source. Name the pattern obtained
on the screen. One of the slits is now completely covered. What is the name of the pattern now
obtained on the screen? Draw intensity pattern obtained in the two cases. Also write two
differences between the patterns obtained in the above two cases.
Red light, however bright it is, cannot produce the emission of electrons from a clean zinc
surface. But even weak ultraviolet radiation can do so. Why?
X-rays of wavelength fall on photosensitive surface, emitting electrons. Assuming that the
work function of the surface can be neglected, prove that the de-Broglie wavelength of electrons
emitted will be
Define the terms: half-life period and decay constant of a radioactive sample. Derive the
relation between these terms.
When a deuteron of mass 2.0141 u and negligible kinetic energy is absorbed by a lithium
nucleus of mass 6.0155 u, the compound nucleus disintegrates spontaneously into two alpha
particles, each of mass 4.0026 u. Calculate the energy in joules carried by each alpha particle.
(1u = 1.66 1027 kg)
What is meant by remote sensing? Briefly explain how it is carried out. Mention any two
applications of remote sensing.
What is an optical detector? State its three essential characteristics. Name the factor which
decides how good a detector is.
With the help of a labelled circuit diagram, explain how an n-p-n transistor can be used as an
amplifier in common emitter configuration. Explain how the input and output voltages are out of
phase by 180 for a common-emitter transistor amplifier.
Or
For an n-p-n transistor in the common-emitter configuration, draw a labelled circuit diagram of
an arrangement for measuring the collector current as a function of collector-emitter voltage for
at least two different values of base current. Draw the shape of the curves obtained. Define the
terms:
(i) output resistance and (ii) current amplification factor.
What is induced emf? Write Faradays law of electromagnetic induction. Express it

mathematically.
A conducting rod of length l with one end pivoted, is rotated with a uniform angular speed
in a vertical plane, normal to a uniform magnetic field B. Deduce an expression for the emf
induced in this rod.
In India, domestic power supply is at 220 V, 50Hz, while in USA it is 110 V, 50 Hz. Give one
advantage and one disadvantage of 220 V supply over 110 V supply.
Complete the path of incident ray of light, showing the formation of a real image.
Hence derive the relation connecting object distance u, image distance v, radius of curvature
R, and the refractive indices n1 and n2 of the two media.
Briefly explain, how the focal length of a convex lens changes, with increase in wavelength of
incident light.
Galleries
Physics 2004 Set 2
Close
Subjective Test
These are additional set 2 questions.
Two metals A and B have work functions 4 eV and 10 eV respectively. Which metal has higher
Solution:
Therefore,
Metal A with lower work function has higher threshold wavelength.
Draw a ray diagram of an astronomical telescope in the near point adjustment. Write down the
expression for its magnifying power.
Solution:

Given is the logic symbol for an AND gate. Draw the output waveform for AND gate for input wave
forms A and B.
Solution:
The logic symbol of AND gate is given below:

Two long parallel straight wires X and Y separated by a distance of 2.5 cm in air carry currents of 5 A
and 2.5 A respectively in opposite directions. Calculate the magnitude and direction of the force on a
10 cm length of the wire Y.
Solution:
Let the force on a 10 cm length of wire Y be F

Force per unit length is given by the following equation.
Where,
l Length of the wires
Ia Current flowing through one wire

Ib Current flowing through the other wire
r Distance between the wires
The wires X and Y carry currents in opposite directions. So, the force between them will be repulsive.
Therefore, the force on wire Y will be directed towards the right direction.
Explain with the help of graph the variation of conductivity with temperature for a metallic conductor.
Solution:
Resistivity,
Conductivity
For metals, the number of free electrons is fixed. As temperature increases, the amplitude of vibration
of atoms increases and the collisions of electrons with them become more effective and frequent. This
decreases the relaxation time and hence decreases the conductivity as shown in the following graph.

An electric dipole of length 8 m, when placed with its axis making an angle of 60 with a uniform
electric field, experiences a torque of
Nm. Calculate the (i) magnitude of the electric field, (ii)
potential energy of the dipole, if the dipole has charges of 4 nC.
Or
A circular coil of 200 turns, radius 5 cm carries a current of 2.5 A. It is suspended vertically in a
uniform horizontal magnetic field of 0.25 T, with the plane of the coil making an angle of 60 with the
field lines. Calculate the magnitude of the torque that must be applied on it to prevent it from turning.
Solution:
I1 = Current through wire X
I2 = Current through wire Y
l = Length
r = Distance between the two wires
Or, F = 105 N
The direction of the force is perpendicular to the length of wire Y and acts away from X (repulsion).
Or
Here, number of turns of coil, n = 200
Radius, r = 5 cm = 0.05 m
Current, I = 2.5 A
Magnetic field, B = 0.25 T
= 90 60 = 30
= BInA sin
= 200 2.5 0.25 (3.14 .05 .05) sin 30
Or, = 0.49 Nm
Galleries
Physics 2004 Set 1

(i)
Subjective Test
All questions are compulsory.
Close
(ii)
There are 30 questions in total.

Questions 1 to 8 carry one mark each,
Questions 9 to 18 carry two marks each,
Question 19 to 27 carry three marks each and
Question 28 to 30 carry five marks each.
(iii) There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided.
(iv) Wherever necessary, the diagrams drawn should be neat and properly labelled.
(v)
Use of calculators is not permitted.
Why is shortwave band used for long distance radio broadcast?

Solution:
The shortwave band radio-waves are used for long distance broadcast because they are easily
reflected back to earth by the ionosphere.
Two metals A and B have work functions 2 eV and 5 eV respectively. Which metal has lower
Solution:
i.e.,
Therefore, metal B with higher work function has lower threshold wavelength.
Draw the voltage-current characteristic of a zener diode.

Solution:
V-I characteristic for a zener diode is given below:
A solenoid with an iron core and a bulb is connected to a d.c. source. How does the brightness of
the bulb change when the iron core is removed from the solenoid?
Solution:
The brightness of the bulb remains unchanged because inductive reactance in a d.c. circuit is
zero.
Peak value of e.m.f of an a.c. source is E0. What is its r.m.s value?
Solution:

Solution:
OUT OF CURRENT SYLLABUS

Solution:

Solution:

Section B
An electric dipole of length 4 cm, when placed with its axis making an angle of 60 with a
uniform electric field, experiences a torque of
Nm. Calculate the (i) magnitude of the
electric field (ii) potential energy of the dipole, if the dipole has charges of 8 nC.
Solution:
(i) Here, length of the dipole, 2a = 4 cm = 4 102 m

Torque, =
Nm
Charge, q = 8 109 C
= pE sin = (q 2a) E sin
Or,
= 8 109 4 102 E sin 60
Or,
Or, E = 2.5 1010 NC1
(ii) Potential energy,
Or, U = 8 109 2 105 2.5 1010 cos 60
Or, U = 2 J
Explain how the resistivity of a conductor depends upon (i) number density n of free electrons,
and (ii) relaxation time .
Solution:
Resistivity of a conductor is given by the formula,
Where, m = Mass of electron

n = Number density of free electrons
e = Charge on an electron
= Relaxation time
(i) It is evident from the formula given by equation (i) that the resistivity of a conductor is
inversely proportional to the number density n of free electrons.
(ii) The resistivity of a conductor is inversely proportional to the relaxation time .

Two long parallel straight wires X and Y separated by a distance of 5 cm in air carry currents of
10 A and 5 A respectively in opposite directions. Calculate the magnitude and direction of the
force on a 20 cm length of the wire Y.
Or
A circular coil of 100 turns, radius 10 cm carries a current of 5 A. It is suspended vertically in a
uniform horizontal magnetic field of 0.5 T, the field lines making an angle of 60 with the plane
of the coil. Calculate the magnitude of the torque that must be applied on it to prevent it from
turning.
Solution:
Here, r = 5 cm = 5 102 m
I1 = 10A, I2 = 5 A
l = 20 cm 102 m
Where
is permeability of free space
The direction of the force is perpendicular to the length of wire Y and acts away from X
(repulsion).
Or
Here,
Number of turns in the coil, N = 100

Radius of the coil, r = 10 cm
Current, I = 5 A
Magnetic field, B = 0.5 T
= 90 60 = 30
= NIBA sin
= 100 5 0.5 (3.14 .10 .10) sin 30
= 3.925 Nm
A bar magnet M is dropped so that it falls vertically through the coil C. The graph obtained for
voltage produced across the coil vs. time is shown in figure (b).
(i) Explain the shape of the graph.
(ii) Why is the negative peak longer than the positive peak?
Solution:
As the magnet M approaches coil C, magnetic flux linked with the coil increases and emf is
induced in the coil, which opposes the increase in flux. When magnet is inside the coil, magnetic
flux linked with the coil decreases and emf is induced in the coil, which opposes the decrease in
flux. As velocity of magnet has increased, induced emf is more. Therefore, negative peak is
longer than the positive peak. When the magnet has fallen through large distance, changing
magnetic flux due to its movement vanishes. Induced emf reduces to zero.
T.V. tower has a height of 400 m at a given place. Calculate as coverage range, if the radius of
the earth is 6400 km.
Solution:
Coverage range of a T.V. tower is given by formula:
Where,
h = Height of tower = 400 m
R = Radius of earth = 6400 km = 6400 103 m
Draw a ray diagram of an astronomical telescope in the normal adjustment position. Write down
the expression for its magnifying power.
Solution:
Magnifying power,
Give the logic symbol for an OR gate. Draw the output wave form for input wave forms A and B
for this gate.
Solution:
Logic symbol of OR gate is given below:
State Gauss theorem in electrostatics. Using this theorem, derive an expression for the electric
field intensity due to an infinite plane sheet of charge density C/m2.
Solution:
Gausss Theorem:
It states that the total flux through a closed surface is

closed surface.
Derivation:
times the total charge enclosed by the
Let us consider a non-conducting sheet of charge with surface charge density . Consider a
cylinder of length 2r and cross-sectional area A as Gaussian surface. From summitry, electric
field
points at right angle to the end caps and away from the sheet. There is no contribution
from the curved surface because angle between

At the end faces, angle between
and
and
is 90.
is zero.
From Gausss law,
A 10 F capacitor is charged by a 30 V d.c. supply and then connected across an uncharged 50

F capacitor. Calculate (i) the final potential difference across the combination, and (ii) the initial
and final energies. How will you account for the difference in energy?
Solution:
Here,
Capacitance, C1 = 10 F = 10 106 F
Voltage, V = 30 V
C2 = 50 F = 50 106 F
(i) Charge on F capacitor = CV = 10 106 30
= 3 104 C
Final potential difference across the combination
(ii) Initial electric energy of 10F capacitor:

Final electrostatic energy of the combination
Electrostatic energy of the first capacitor is lost in the form of heat and electromagnetic radiation.
Solution:

Section C
The circuit diagram shows the use of a potentiometer to measure a small emf produced by a
thermocouple connected between X and Y. The cell C, of emf 2 V, has negligible internal
resistance. The potentiometer wire PQ is 1.00 m long and has a resistance of 5 . The balance
point S is found to be 400 mm from P. Calculate the value of emf V, generated by the
thermocouple.
Solution:
Here, E = 2 V
Length of the potentiometer wire = 1.00 m
Current flowing through wire
Potential drop across wire PQ = IR = 2 103 5

= 0.01 V
Potential gradient along wire PQ,
Potential drop across wire PS
Using Biot-Savart law, deduce an expression for the magnetic field on the axis of a circular
current loop. Draw the magnetic field lines due to a circular current carrying loop.
Or
A hydrogen ion of mass m and charge q travels with a speed v in a circle of radius r in a
magnetic field of intensity B. Write the equation in 4 terms of these quantities only, relating the
force on the ion to the required centripetal force. Hence derive an expression for its time.
Solution:
Consider a circular loop of radius a carrying current I, held perpendicular to the plane of the
paper. We want to find the magnetic field at a point P, which is at a distance x from the centre of
the coil. Let us take a small element AB of length dl. From Biot-Savarts law, the field at point P
due to a small element is given by:
The direction of the field is in a plane perpendicular to the plane containing dl and is at right
angle to line CP. Resolve this into two components
along the x-axis and
at right
angles to the line OP. It is clear from the figure that the resultant field along y-axis (i.e.,
components
cancel each other) is zero. Field due to
at P will be only in x-direction.
is as shown. The resultant field
The total field at P due to all such elements is given by:
Or
Substituting the values, we obtain
The magnetic field lines due to a circular current carrying loop are shown below:
Or
Magnetic force on the hydrogen ion = Centripetal force
Or
Where B Applied magnetic field
q Charge of hydrogen ion
m Mass of ion
v Speed
r Radius of circle
Or,
Time period,
A uniform magnetic field gets modified as shown below, when two specimens X and Y are
placed in it.
(i) Identify the two specimens X and Y.

(ii) State the reason for the behaviour of the field lines in X and Y.
Solution:
(i) The specimen X must be diamagnetic and the specimen Y must be paramagnetic or
ferromagnetic.
(ii) This is because magnetic lines of force prefer not to pass through diamagnetic material, its
permeability being less than one.
On the other hand, through a paramagnetic or ferromagnetic material, magnetic lines of force
prefer to pass, their permeability being more than one.
Two narrow slits are illuminated by a single monochromatic source. Name the pattern obtained
on the screen. One of the slits is now completely covered. What is the name of the pattern now
obtained on the screen? Draw intensity pattern obtained in the two cases. Also write two
differences between the patterns obtained in the above two cases.
Solution:
With the narrow slits, an interference pattern is obtained.

When one slit is completely covered, diffraction patterns are obtained.
In case of interference, the following intensity distribution curve is obtained.
The intensity distribution curve for diffraction at a single slit is shown below:
Interference
1
.
All bright fringes are of same

intensity.
Diffraction
1
.
Intensity of bright fringes decrease with the increase

in distance from the central bright fringe.
2
.
Widths of interferences may or

may not be equal.
2
.
Widths of diffraction fringes are never equal.
Red light, however bright it is, cannot produce the emission of electrons from a clean zinc
surface. But even weak ultraviolet radiation can do so. Why?
X-rays of wavelength fall on photosensitive surface, emitting electrons. Assuming that the
work function of the surface can be neglected, prove that the de-Broglie wavelength of electrons
emitted will be
Solution:
The frequency of red light is less than the threshold frequency of zinc surface. Hence, it cannot
cause photoelectric emission from zinc surface, whatever may be its intensity. The frequency of
ultraviolet radiation is greater than the threshold frequency of zinc surface. Hence, even weak
ultraviolet radiation can cause photoelectric emission.
Given 0 = 0
Using Einsteins photoelectric equation, we obtain
de Broglie wavelength of emitted photoelectron
Define the terms: half-life period and decay constant of a radioactive sample. Derive the
relation between these terms.
Solution:
Half life period:

Half life period is the time during which number of atoms left un-decayed in the sample is half
the total number of atoms present initially in the sample.
Decay constant:
Decay constant of a radioactive element is the reciprocal of the time during which the number of
atoms left in the sample reduces to
times the original number of atoms in the sample.
Relation:
At
As N = N0et,
or
Or,
Taking natural logarithm,
Or,
Or,
When a deuteron of mass 2.0141 u and negligible kinetic energy is absorbed by a lithium
nucleus of mass 6.0155 u, the compound nucleus disintegrates spontaneously into two alpha
particles, each of mass 4.0026 u. Calculate the energy in joules carried by each alpha particle.
(1u = 1.66 1027 kg)
Solution:
Total initial mass = 8.0296 u
Total final mass = 2 m
= 2 4.0026
= 8 .0052 u
Mass defect, m = 8.0296 8.0052
= 0.0244 u
= 0.0244 1.66 1027 kg
Energy released
Q = m C2 = 0.0244 1.66 1027 (3 108)2
= 3.645 1012 J
Energy of each -particle = 1.8225 1012 J
What is meant by remote sensing? Briefly explain how it is carried out. Mention any two
applications of remote sensing.
Solution:
Remote sensing is a technique of obtaining information about an object/area from a distance

without being in physical contact with it.
A satellite equipped with appropriate sensors to acquire data is placed in an orbit around the earth
at any height having a period of revolution. It takes photographs or collects any other
information desired and transmits it back to an earth station. This is known as remote sensing.
Applications of remote sensing are:
(i) In forestry
(ii) In ground water surveys
What is an optical detector? State its three essential characteristics. Name the factor which
decides how good a detector is.
Solution:
Optical detector is used to detect the optical signals at the receiving end and converts light into
electrical signal so that the transmitted information may be decoded.
Essential characteristics of an optical detector are:
(i) Size compatible with the fibre

(ii) High intensity at the desired optical wavelength
(iii) High response time for fast speed data transmission and reception
The efficiency of generating electron-hole pairs in a photodiode decides how good that detector
is.
Section D
With the help of a labelled circuit diagram, explain how an n-p-n transistor can be used as an
amplifier in common emitter configuration. Explain how the input and output voltages are out of
phase by 180 for a common-emitter transistor amplifier.
Or
For an n-p-n transistor in the common-emitter configuration, draw a labelled circuit diagram of
an arrangement for measuring the collector current as a function of collector-emitter voltage for
at least two different values of base current. Draw the shape of the curves obtained. Define the
terms:
(i) output resistance and (ii) current amplification factor.
Solution:
The circuit details for using an n-p-n transistor as common emitter amplifier are shown in the
figure.
The input (base-emitter) circuit is forward biased and the output (collector-emitter) circuit is
reverse biased.
The potential difference VC when no a.c. signal is applied between the collector and the emitter is
given by:
When an a.c. signal is applied to the input circuit, the forward bias increases during the positive
half cycle of the input.
This results in an increase in IC and a consequent decrease in VC, as is clear from equation (i).
Thus, during positive half cycle of the input, the collector becomes less positive.
During the negative half cycle of the input, the forward bias is decreased resulting in a decrease
in IE and hence IC. Therefore, from equation (i), VC would increase, making the collector more
positive.
Hence, in a common-emitter amplifier, the output voltage is 180 out of phase with the input
voltage.
Or
The output characteristics are drawn by plotting collection current IC versus collector emitter
voltages VCE, keeping the base current Ib constant.
Output resistance:
It is defined as the ratio of the collector emitter voltage (VCE) to the corresponding change in
collector current (IC) at constant base current Ib.
Current amplification factor:

It is defined as the ratio of the change in collector current to the change in base current.
What is induced emf? Write Faradays law of electromagnetic induction. Express it

mathematically.
A conducting rod of length l with one end pivoted, is rotated with a uniform angular speed
in a vertical plane, normal to a uniform magnetic field B. Deduce an expression for the emf
induced in this rod.
In India, domestic power supply is at 220 V, 50Hz, while in USA it is 110 V, 50 Hz. Give one
advantage and one disadvantage of 220 V supply over 110 V supply.
Solution:
When the magnetic flux linked with a closed circuit changes, an emf is set up across it, which
lasts only as long as the change in flux is taking place. This emf is called induced emf.
Faradays Laws
First Law:
Whenever the amount of magnetic flux linked with a circuit changes, an emf is induced in the
circuit. The induced emf lasts so long as the change in magnetic flux continues.
Second Law:
The magnitude of emf induced in a circuit is directly proportional to the rate of change of
magnetic flux linked with the circuit.
Suppose the conducting rod completes one revolution in time T. Then,
Change in flux = B Area swept
= B l2
Induced emf
However,
Advantage:
The power loss at 220 volt supply is less than at 110 V.
Disadvantage:
It is difficult to work with 220 V supply because its peak value (311 V) is much higher than the
peak value (155.5 V) of 110 V supply.
Complete the path of incident ray of light, showing the formation of a real image.
Hence derive the relation connecting object distance u, image distance v, radius of curvature
R, and the refractive indices n1 and n2 of the two media.
Briefly explain, how the focal length of a convex lens changes, with increase in wavelength of
incident light.
Solution:
Sign conventions:
(i) All distances are measured from the pole of the spherical surface.
(ii) Distances measured in the direction of incident light are taken positive.
(iii) Distances measured in the opposite direction of incident light are negative.
Derivation:
Let a spherical refracting surface XY separate a rarer medium of refractive index n1 from a denser
medium of refractive index n2. Let P be the pole, C be the centre and R = PC be the radius of
curvature of this surface.
Consider a point object O lying on the principal axis of the surface.
From A, draw AM OI
Let AOM = , AIM = , ACM =
As external angle of a triangle is equal to sum of internal opposite angles, therefore, in
IAC,
r+=
r=
Similarly, in OBC, i = + (i)
According to Snells law,

( angles are small)
n1i = n2r
Using (i), we obtain
n1 ( + ) = n2 ( )
As angles , , and are small, using
, we obtain
As aperture of the spherical surface is small, M is close to P. Therefore, MO PO, MI PI, MC

PC
From (3),
Using new Cartesian sign conventions, we put
This is the required relation.
As wavelength of incident light increases, decreases. Hence, focal length f increases.

Gallerie
Physics 2004 Set 3
Close
Subjective Test
These are additional set 3 questions.
Microwaves are used in Radar. Why?
Solution:
Microwaves have smaller wavelength. Therefore, they can be transmitted as beam signals in a
particular direction, much better than radio waves because microwaves do not bend around the
corners of any obstacle coming in their path.

Two point charges + 10 C and 10C are separated by a distance of 40 cm in air. (i) Calculate the
electrostatic potential energy of the system, assuming the zero of the potential energy to be at
infinity. (ii) Draw an equipotential surface of the system.
Solution:
Let U = Electrostatic potential energy of the system
q1 = + 10C, q2 = 10C
Distance between the charges q1 and q2 = r = 40 cm = 40 10 2 m
(ii) Equipotential surface for the given dipole is shown below by dashed lines.

An astronomical telescope, in normal adjustment position, has magnifying power 5. The distance
between the objective and the eye-piece is 120 cm. Calculate the focal lengths of the objective and of
the eye-piece.
OR
A compound microscope with an objective of 2 cm focal length and an eye-piece of 4 cm focal length
has a tube length of 40 cm. Calculate the magnifying power of the microscope, if the final image is
formed at the near point of the eye.
Solution:
Here,
Magnifying power, m = 5
f0 = Focal length of the objective

fe = Focal length of the eye-piece
f0 + fe = 120 cm (given)
Or, f0= 5 fe
Or, 5fe + fe = 120
6fe = 120
Or,
And, f0 = 100 cm
OR
Here,
Focal length of the objective, f0 = 2 cm
Focal length of an eye piece, fe = 4 cm
Focal length of tube, L = 40 cm

With the help of an example, explain how the neutron to proton ratio changes during alpha decay of a
nucleus.
Solution:
Let us take the example of the following equation:
Neutron to proton ratio before -decay
Neutron to proton ratio after -decay
Or,
The neutron to proton ratio increases in -decay.
Find the wavelength of electromagnetic waves of frequency 6 10 12 Hz in free space. Give its two
applications.
Solution:
Here, wavelength, = ?
Frequency, = 6 1012 Hz
Speed of light, c = 3 108 m/s
= 5 105 m
These are infra red rays, which are used
(i) in greenhouse effect to keep the plants warm
(ii) in muscular therapy i.e., to treat muscular strains
X and Y are two parallel plate capacitors having the same area of plates and same separation between
the plates. X has air between the plates and Y contains a dielectric medium of r = 5.
(i) Calculate the potential difference between the plates of X and Y.
(ii) What is the ratio of electrostatic energy stored in X and Y?
Solution:
Let V Potential difference across X
The potential difference across Y will be
V+
= 12 volt
Or,
volt
Or, 6V = 60
Or, V = 10 volt
P.D. across X = 10 volt
P.D. across Y =
volt
(ii)

Draw the energy band diagrams of p-type and n-type semiconductors. A semiconductor has equal
electron and hole concentration 6 108 m3. On doping with a certain impurity, electron concentration
increases to 8 1012 m3. Identify the type of semiconductor after doping.
Solution:
As the electron concentration increases on doping, therefore, the resulting semiconductor is of

n-type.
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Physics 2004 Set 1: Subjective Test

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Physics 2004 Set 1

Use of calculators is not permitted.

Question 1 ( 1.0 marks)

Why is shortwave band used for long distance radio broadcast?

Draw the voltage-current characteristic of a zener diode.

Question 10 ( 2.0 marks)

Question 13 ( 2.0 marks)

Question 16 ( 2.0 marks)

A 10 F capacitor is charged by a 30 V d.c. supply and then connected across an uncharged 50

Question 20 ( 3.0 marks)

(i) Identify the two specimens X and Y.

Question 24 ( 3.0 marks)

Question 26 ( 3.0 marks)

What is induced emf? Write Faradays law of electromagnetic induction. Express it

Physics 2004 Set 2

Question 9 ( 2.0 marks)

Question 10 ( 2.0 marks)

Let the force on a 10 cm length of wire Y be F

Ia Current flowing through one wire

Question 12 ( 2.0 marks)