Gene Paul A.

Cruz
IV TCP TLE
MMSU CTE
Educ 127
Type
Myths

Legends

Epics

Folktales

Fables

TRADITIONAL TALES
Describe
A traditional or legendary story, usually concerning some
being or hero or event, with or without a determinable
basis of fact or a natural explanation, especially one that is
concerned with deities or demigods and explains some
practice, rite, or phenomenon of nature.

A legend (Latin, legenda, "things to be read") is

a narrative of human actions that are perceived both by teller
and listeners to take place within human history and to
possess certain qualities that give the tale verisimilitude.
Legend, for its active and passive participants includes no
happenings that are outside the realm of "possibility", is
defined by a highly flexible set of parameters which may
includemiracles that are perceived as actually having
happened,
within
the
specific
tradition
of indoctrination where the legend arises, and within which it
may be transformed over time, in order to keep it fresh and
vital, and realistic
An epic is traditionally a genre of poetry, known as epic
poetry. However in modern terms, epic is often extended to
other
art
forms,
such
as epic
theatre, films, music, novels,plays, television shows,
and video games, wherein the story has a theme of grandeur
and heroism, just as in epic poetry.
Folktales (or folk tales) are stories passed down through
generations, mainly by telling. Different kinds of folktales
include fairy tales (or fairytales), tall tales, trickster tales,
myths, and legends.

Fable is a literary genre. A fable is a succinct fictional story,

in prose or verse, that features animals, mythical creatures,
plants, inanimate objects or forces of nature which
are anthropomorphized (given human qualities such as
verbal communication), and that illustrates or leads to an
interpretation of a moral lesson (a "moral"), which may at
the end be added explicitly in a pithymaxim.
Fairytales A fairy tale is a type of short story that typically features
European folkloric fantasy characters,
such

Examples

Myth of
Narcissus

Myth of Hercules

Myth of
Pandora's Box

Myth of Zeus

Myth of Creation
Legend of Mount
Mayon
Legend of Saud
White Beach,
Pagudpud

Paradise Lost by
John Milton

The Divine Comedy

by Dante Alighieri

The Carabao and the

Shell

The Wolf and the

House Dog

Cinderella
Frog Prince

as dwarves,elves, fairies, giants, gnomes, goblins, mermaids,

trolls, or witches, and usually magic or enchantments. Fairy
tales may be distinguished from other folk narratives such
as legends (which generally involve belief in the veracity of
the events described) and explicitly moral tales, including
beast fables.

The Story of the Creation

(Myth)
Bilaan (Mindanao)
In the very beginning there lived a being so large that he cannot be compared with any
known thing. His name was Melu, and when he sat on the clouds, which were his home, he
occupied all the space above. His teeth were pure gold, and because he was very cleanly and
continually rubbed himself with his hands, his skin became pure white. The dead skin which he
rubbed off his body was placed on one side in a pile, and by and by this pile became so large that
he was annoyed and set himself to consider what he could do with it.
Finally Melu decided to make the earth; so he worked very hard in putting the dead skin into
shape, and when it was finished he was so pleased with it that he determined to make two beings
like himself, though smaller, to live on it.
Taking the remnants of the material left after making the earth he fashioned two men, but
just as they were all finished except their noses, Tau Tana from below the earth appeared and
wanted to help him.
Melu did not wish any assistance, and a great argument ensued. Tau Tana finally won his
point and made the noses which he placed on the people upside down. When all was finished,
Melu and Tau Tana whipped the forms until they moved. Then Melu went to his home above the
clouds, and Tau Tana returned to his place below the earth.
All went well until one day a great rain came, and the people on the earth nearly drowned
from the water which ran off their heads into their noses. Melu, from his place on the clouds, saw
their danger, and he came quickly to earth and saved their lives by turning their noses the other
side up.
The people were very grateful to him, and promised to do anything he should ask of
them. Before he left for the sky, they told him that they were very unhappy living on the great
earth all alone, so he told them to save all the hair from their heads and the dry skin from their
bodies and the next time he came he would make them some companions. And in this way there
came to be a great many people on the earth.

The Creation Story

(Myth)
Tagalog
When the world first began there was no land, but only the sea and the sky, and between
them was a kite (a bird something like a hawk). One day the bird which had nowhere to light
grew tired of flying about, so she stirred up the sea until it threw its waters against the sky. The
sky, in order to restrain the sea, showered upon it many islands until it could no longer rise, but
ran back and forth. Then the sky ordered the kite to light on one of the islands to build her nest,
and to leave the sea and the sky in peace.
Now at this time the land breeze and the sea breeze were married, and they had a child
which was a bamboo. One day when this bamboo was floating about on the water, it struck the
feet of the kite which was on the beach. The bird, angry that anything should strike it, pecked at
the bamboo, and out of one section came a man and from the other a woman.
Then the earthquake called on all the birds and fish to see what should be done with these
two, and it was decided that they should marry. Many children were born to the couple, and from
them came all the different races of people.
After a while the parents grew very tired of having so many idle and useless children
around, and they wished to be rid of them, but they knew of no place to send them to. Time went
on and the children became so numerous that the parents enjoyed no peace. One day, in
desperation, the father seized a stick and began beating them on all sides.
This so frightened the children that they fled in different directions, seeking hidden rooms
in the house -- some concealed themselves in the walls, some ran outside, while others hid in the
fireplace, and several fled to the sea.
Now it happened that those who went into the hidden rooms of the house later became
the chiefs of the islands; and those who concealed themselves in the walls became slaves. Those
who ran outside were free men; and those who hid in the fireplace became negroes; while those
who fled to the sea were gone many years, and when their children came back they were the
white people.

The Legend of Pagudpuds Saud White Beach

According to folklore of the olden days, mermaids (half-human, half-fish) existed and, in
fact, were considered dangerous creatures. When human beings drowned, it was believed that
they were taken by mermaids or serena as locally known. The people were even more scared
because of the alleged supernatural powers of the mermaids. But in Pagudpud, at the white
beach, it was said that the mermaids used their supernatural powers for good deeds in return for
the goodness of the people.
The legend goes that the queen of the mermaids disguised herself as a poor old woman
who went about begging for food along the shores of the whole of Luzon island. She went from
village to village, from the eastern tip to the west, then from the south to the north of the island.
She was almost at the end of her quest for a kind soul to help her. As she sat upon a rock
in one village that she went to, forlorn and lonely as a poor old woman, she transformed herself
into the queen mermaid that she really was. Someone from the village saw her in this
transformation. Word got around that the poor old woman begging for food along the seashore
was really a mermaid. Thus the next time that the queen mermaid transformed herself into an old
woman, people--young and old-- threw stones and spat at her.
When finally she reached the tip of northwestern Luzon, the queen mermaid turned old
woman was about to give up in finding a charitable person. But all of a sudden, there came along
the beautiful maiden Ines Cannuyan. Ines was then on her way to the rocky shore to gather
seaweeds in the shallow water. Ines saw the haggard old woman on the shore, far from the water.
She took pity on the old woman who begged Ines to bring her to the water edge. Surprised at the
request, Ines nevertheless gave in to the old womans bidding. The moment the foot of the old
woman touched the water, she transformed herself into the beautiful queen mermaid that she
was, right before Iness startled gaze.
The queen mermaid asked Ines what reward she wanted for her kindness. But Ines replied
that she did not care about a reward for the little help she had shared. Although Ines added that
what she really wanted was a seashore of sand and not the rocky one that bordered their domain.
Perhaps, Ines said, the queen mermaid can make this change, what with her enchanted powers.
The queen mermaid answered Ines with a smile and, with a wave of her hands, right
before Iness eyes, came beautiful mermaids like fish wriggling along the shallow waters. When
the mermaids bodies came into contact with the rocks and the gray sand, Iness rocky shore was
transformed into a gleaming white beach. That beach is now known as the Saud white beach of
Pagudpud.

The Legend of Mount Mayon

One day, Darang Magayon was bathing in the Yaw river, and she slipped on the rocks.
She did not knew how to swim, but then Panganoron, son of Rajah Karilaya, from the Tagalogs,
saved her while he was walking by the river.
After saving her life, Panganoron started to court her, and after some days she finally
accepted his proposal, and so Panganoron decided to ask Darang Magayon's father, Rajah
Makusong for her hand in matrimony. The father accepted him.
The legend says that when Pagtuga heard of the news he got very angry, so he decided to
kidnapped Rajah Makusong and took him to the mountains, then he told everyone that he would
release him if Darang Magamon would marry him. Afraid that Pagtuga would hurt her father, she
accepted to be his wife.
When Panganon knew about the situation , he asked to his warriors to follow him to the
mountains to fight against Panganoron. The battle was fierce. Panganoron killed Pagtuga, but
later he was killed by an arrow thrown by one of Pagtuga's warriors. Sadly another arrow pierced
Darang Magayon when she was running to the arms of his love, killing her.
After the battle was over, Rajah Makusong dug a grave and laid the bodies of both lovers
in it. As days passed by, people who went to the grave to pay respect, saw that the grave was
rising, turning into a land form and they started to call it Mayon (short for Mayon).
While some says that the eruptions on the Mayon volcano, are the sings of the love
between the lovers. Other says that the spirit of Darang Magayon lives on the volcano, and the
spirit of Panganoron lives on the clouds above, and all year long disperse rain to keep the flowers
and plants fresh, so it stays beautiful.

The Silmarillion
By: J.R.R Tolkien
Epic

So the Elves are all happily living with the Valar on Aman, while Melkor/Morgoth has
the darkness and Middle Earth (Melkor destroyed the two lights of the world, so Aman is lit by
two trees). Feanor is king of one of the elf groups (the Noldor), and creates the Silmarils
jewels which glow with the light of the two trees and are hallowed.

Then Melkor steals the Silmarils and destroys the trees. Feanor loses his shit, and he and
his sons swear vengeance on not only Melkor/Morgoth, but on anyone who keeps the Silmarils
from him. In the process, they happen to attack another group of elves (the Teleri). The Valar tell
the Noldor that if they leave, they cannot come back. Feanor is still determined to get his jewels
back, so he goes anyway, and many follow him.

The Noldor pretty much fail at getting the Silmarils back, fighting Morgoth and losing a
lot. Beren, a man who's in love with the elf, Luthien, is given the task of stealing a Silmaril,
which he does and his heirs inherit the Silmaril. Unsurprisingly, this annoys the sons of
Feanor, who attack the elves who have the Silmaril to get it back.

They, again, fail. The Silmaril and its keeper, Elwing, go to the Valar. The Valar help
defeat Morgoth, but the sons of Feanor steal the two remaining Silmarils from the Valar (who are
basically gods) because, again, they are made of fail. So made of fail, in fact, that they can't
actually touch the Silmarils anymore. So one of the sons commits suicide and the other throws
the Silmaril into the sea. So much fail in the house of Feanor.

The Valar lift the banishment, but some elves stay in Middle Earth. All of this leads up to
the first War of the Ring, which then leads to The Hobbit and Lord of the Rings.

The Ibalon
Epic
A long time ago, there was a rich land called Ibalong. The hero Baltog, who came from
Botavora of the brave clan of Lipod, came to this land when many monsters were still roaming in
its very dark forests. He decided to stay and was the first to cultivate its field and to plant them
with gabi.
Then one night, a monstrous, wild boar known as Tandayag saw these field and destroyed the
crops. Upon knowing this, Baltog decided to look for this boar with all his courage and patiend.
At last, as soon as he saw it, he fearlessly wrestled with it, with all his might. Baltog was
unafraid. He was strong and brave. Though the Tandayag had very long fangs, he was able to pin
down the monstrous, wild boar and break apart its very big jawbones. With this, Tandayag fell
and died.

After this fight, Baltog went to his house in Tondol, carrying the Tandayag broken
bones. Then he hung it on a talisay tree in front of his house. Upon learning of the victory of
their Chief Baltog, the people prepared a feast and celebrated. The very big jawbones of the dead
boar became an attraction for everyone. Thus, came the tribes of Panikwason and Asog to marvel
it.

The second hero who came to the land of Ibalong was Handyong. Together with his men,
he had to fight thousands of battles, and face many dangers to defeat the monster. As warriors,
they first fought the one-eyed monster with the tree necks in the land of Ponong. For ten months,
they fought without rest. And they never stopped fighting until all these monsters were killed.
Handyong and his men made their next attack against the giant flying sharks called Triburon
which had hardly flesh and sawlike teeth that could crush rocks. They continued fighting until
the defeat of the last Triburon.

They tamed the wild carabaos. They even drove away the giant and very fierce Sarimao
which had very sharp fingernails. And using their spears and arrows, they killed all the
crocodiles which were as big as boats. With all these killings, the rivers and swamps of Ibalong
turned red with blood. It was at this time that the savage monkeys became frightened and hid
themselves.

Among the enemies of Handyong and his men, the serpent Oryol was the hardes to kill.
Having a beautiful voice, Oryaol could change its image to deceive its enemies. To capture it,
Handyong tried different ways. But Oryol escaped every one of it and disappeared.
So alone and unafraid, Handyong decide to look for Oryol in the heart of the forest. He followed
the beautiful voice and was almost enchanted by it in his pursuit. Days and nights passed until
Oryol came to admire Handyongs bravery and gallantry. Then the serpent helped the hero to
conquer monsters, thus restoring peace to the entire Ibalong.

In one the areas of Ibalong called Ligmanan, Handyong built a town. Under his
leadership and his laws, slaves and masters were treated equally. The people planted rice and
because of their high regard of him they named this rice after him. He built the first boat to ride
the waves of Ibalongs seas. Through his good example, his people became inspired and came up
with their own inventions. There was Kimantong who made the plow, harrow and other farming
tools. Hablom who invented the first loom for weaving abaca clothes, Dinahongm an Agta,

who created the stove, cooking pot, earthen jar and other kitchen utensils, and Sural who
brilliantly thought of syllabary and started to write on a marble rock. This was a golden period in

Ibalong. Then suddenly, there cmae a big flood caused by Unos, with terrifying earthquakes. The
volcanoes of Hantik, Kulasi and Isarog erupted. Rivers changed their direction and the seas
waves rolled high. Destruction was everywhere. Soon, the earth parted, mountains sank, a lake
was formed, and many towns in Ibalong were ruined.

Then appeared the giant Rabot, half-man and half-beast, with awesome and terrifying
powers.People were asking who will fight against Rabot. So Bantong, the third hero was called.
He was a good friend of Handyong. He was ordered to kill the new monster on Ibalong. To do
this, he took with him a thousand warriors to attack Rabots den. But using his wisdom against
Rabot, he did not attack the giant right away. He first observed Rabots ways. Looking around
the giants den, he discovered that there were many rocks surrounding it, and these were the
people who were turned into rocks by Rabot.

Bantong also learned that Rabot loved to sleep during the day and stayed awake at night.
So, he waited. When Rabot was already sleeping very soundly, Bantong came hear him. He cut
the giant into two whith his very sharp bolo and without any struggle, Rabot died. So Ibalong
was at peace once more.

The Carabao and the Shell

Tinguian
(Folktale)

One very hot day, when a carabao went into the river to bathe, he met a shell and they began
talking together.
"You are very slow," said the carabao to the shell.
"Oh, no," replied the shell. "I can beat you in a race."
"Then let us try and see," said the carabao.
So they went out on the bank and started to run.
After the carabao had gone a long distance he stopped and called, "Shell!"
And another shell lying by the river answered, "Here I am!"
Then the carabao, thinking that it was the same shell with which he was racing, ran on.
By and by he stopped again and called, "Shell!"
And another shell answered, "Here I am!"
The carabao was surprised that the shell could keep up with him. But he ran on and on, and every
time he stopped to call, another shell answered him. But he was determined that the shell should
not beat him, so he ran until he dropped dead.

THE WOLF AND THE HOUSE DOG

(Fable)

There was once a Wolf who got very little to eat because the Dogs of the village were so wide
awake and watchful. He was really nothing but skin and bones, and it made him very
downhearted to think of it.
One night this Wolf happened to fall in with a fine fat House Dog who had wandered a little too
far from home. The Wolf would gladly have eaten him then and there, but the House Dog looked
strong enough to leave his marks should he try it. So the Wolf spoke very humbly to the
Dog, complimenting him on his fine appearance.
"You can be as well-fed as I am if you want to," replied the Dog. "Leave the woods; there you
live miserably. Why, you have to fight hard for every bite you get. Follow my example and you
will get along beautifully."
"What must I do?" asked the Wolf.
"Hardly anything," answered the House Dog. "Chase people who carry canes, bark
at beggars, and fawn on the people of the house. In return you will get tidbits of every kind,
chicken bones, choice bits of meat, sugar, cake, and much more beside, not to speak of kind
words and caresses."
The Wolf had such a beautiful vision of his coming happiness that he almost wept. But just then
he noticed that the hair on the Dog's neck was worn and the skin was chafed.
"What is that on your neck?"
"Nothing at all," replied the Dog.
"What! nothing!"
"Oh, just a trifle!"
"But please tell me."
"Perhaps you see the mark of the collar to which my chain is fastened."
"What! A chain!" cried the Wolf. "Don't you go wherever you please?"
"Not always! But what's the difference?" replied the Dog.
"All the difference in the world! I don't care a rap for your feasts and I wouldn't take all the
tender young lambs in the world at that price." And away ran the Wolf to the woods.

There is nothing worth so much as liberty.

CINDERELLA
Fairytale

Once upon a time, there was a beautiful girl named Cinderella. She lived with her wicked
stepmother and two stepsisters. They treated Cinderella very badly. One day, they were invited
for a grand ball in the kings palace. But Cinderellas stepmother would not let her go. Cinderella
was made to sew new party gowns for her stepmother and stepsisters, and curl their hair. They
then went to the ball, leaving Cinderella alone at home.

Cinderella felt very sad and began to cry. Suddenly, a fairy godmother appeared and said,
Dont cry, Cinderella! I will send you to the ball! But Cinderella was sad. She said, I dont
have a gown to wear for the ball! The fairy godmother waved her magic wand and changed
Cinderellas old clothes into a beautiful new gown! The fairy godmother then touched
Cinderellas feet with the magic wand. And lo! She had beautiful glass slippers! How will I go
to the grand ball? asked Cinderella. The fairy godmother found six mice playing near a
pumpkin, in the kitchen. She touched them with her magic wand and the mice became four shiny
black horses and two coachmen and the pumpkin turned into a golden coach. Cinderella was
overjoyed and set off for the ball in the coach drawn by the six black horses. Before leaving. the
fairy godmother said, Cinderella, this magic will only last until midnight! You must reach home
by then!

When Cinderella entered the palace, everybody was struck by her beauty. Nobody, not
even Cinderellas stepmother or stepsisters, knew who she really was in her pretty clothes and
shoes. The handsome prince also saw her and fell in love with Cinderella. He went to her and
asked, Do you want to dance? And Cinderella said, Yes! The prince danced with her all night
and nobody recognized the beautiful dancer. Cinderella was so happy dancing with the prince
that she almost forgot what the fairy godmother had said. At the last moment, Cinderella
remembered her fairy godmothers words and she rushed to go home. Oh! I must go! she cried
and ran out of the palace. One of her glass slippers came off but Cinderella did not turn back for
it. She reached home just as the clock struck twelve. Her coach turned back into a pumpkin, the
horses into mice and her fine ball gown into rags. Her stepmother and stepsisters reached home
shortly after that. They were talking about the beautiful lady who had been dancing with the
prince.

The prince had fallen in love with Cinderella and wanted to find out who the beautiful
girl was, but he did not even know her name. He found the glass slipper that had come off
Cinderellas foot as she ran home. The prince said, I will find her. The lady whose foot fits this

slipper will be the one I marry! The next day, the prince and his servants took the glass slipper
and went to all the houses in the kingdom. They wanted to find the lady whose feet would fit in
the slipper. All the women in the kingdom tried the slipper but it would not fit any of them.
Cinderellas stepsisters also tried on the little glass slipper. They tried to squeeze their feet and
push hard into the slipper, but the servant was afraid the slipper would break. Cinderellas
stepmother would not let her try the slipper on, but the prince saw her and said, Let her also try
on the slipper! The slipper fit her perfectly. The prince recognized her from the ball. He married
Cinderella and together they lived happily ever after.