Jiri Pokorny, TC/January 2014

Communication in Substation
Basic Overview

Communication in Substation
General requirements
Data integrity
Performance, throughput, capacity, response time
Easy engineering principles
Support for independent station level units
Peer-to-peer communication
Accurate time synchronization
Disturbance immunity
Minimum single points of failures
Openness
Security
Long life-cycle
Deterministic behaviour
Supervision of devices

ABB Group
March 4, 2015 | Slide 2

Communication in Substation
Evolution towards Ethernet
Serial Communications = bits of data exchanged serially through interface
010101010100001010101010101111111010101110010100110101000

90s

80s

21st century
Ethernet (1988)

LON
IEC 60870-5-101 (1995)

Utility

SPA (1984)

IEC 60870-5-103 (1997)

DNP 3.0 (1993, Westronic > GE)

MODBUS RTU
(1979, Modicon - > Schneider)

Industry

ABB Group
March 4, 2015 | Slide 3

PROFIBUS DP (1993)

IEC 61850-8-1 (2004)

IEC 60870-5-104 (2000)
DNP 3.0 LAN WAN

IEC 61850-8-1
MODBUS TCP

Communication in Substation
Protocol usage in UniGear Pro tenders
PPMV Brno internal
UG Pro users

PPMV Brno FES UG

Pro users

ABB Group
March 4, 2015 | Slide 4

Communication in Substation
Local Industrial Data
Communications

Modbus RTU
Profibus DP

ABB Group
March 4, 2015 | Slide 5

Communication in Substation
Modbus RTU
Developed by Modicon Inc. (standard since 1979)
Open protocol, used worldwide

Media: twisted pair or fiber

Topology: bus
Method: Master/Slave
Recommended up to 8 IEDs /1 Master

Typical communication rate: 19.2 kb/s

ABB Group
March 4, 2015 | Slide 6

Communication in Substation
Modbus RTU Typical Application Examples
Master

Master

RS485

SPA-ZC22
Slave 3
Fiber Optic

Slave 1

Slave 2

Slave 2

Slave 1

Slave 3

Master

Fiber Optic

Slave 1

ABB Group
March 4, 2015 | Slide 7

SPA-ZC22

Slave 2

Slave 3

Communication in Substation
Profibus DP
Open protocol, designed for Industry, standardized
in IEC 61158 / EN 50170
Method: Master/Slave, Peer to Peer
Media: twisted pair or fiber
Topology: bus, ring, star
Max. communication rate: 12 Mb/s

ABB Group
March 4, 2015 | Slide 8

Communication in Substation
Profibus DP Typical Application Examples
Profibus DP
Master

Profibus DP
Master

RS485
SPA-ZC302 Communication Gateway
Profibus DP Slave / SPA Master
RS485
Slave 1

ABB Group
March 4, 2015 | Slide 9

Slave 2

Slave 3

Slave 1

Slave 2

Slave 3

Communication in Substation
RS485 (or EIA-485)
Multi-drop communication
Multiple receivers and
transmitters on each line

Defines electrical and

mechanical details,
but not protocol
Supported communications
Half Duplex (3wires)
Full Duplex (5wire)
Shielded twisted pair

ABB Group
March 4, 2015 | Slide 10

Communication in Substation
SPA-ZC22 Bus Connection module
Used for dividing system
into several fiber optic rings
Modbus
Only 1 IED/ring

5x or 2x fiber optic
interface (ST)

ABB Group
March 4, 2015 | Slide 11

Communication in Substation
SPA-ZC302 SPA (IEDs)/Profibus DP V1 slave
Up to 16 SPA slaves/1 GW
No. of connected IEDs
depends on
Transferred Data quantity
Response time
requirement

SPA: RS232/485 (DB9)

Profibus DP: RS485 (DB9)

ABB Group
March 4, 2015 | Slide 12

Communication in Substation
5205-MNET-PDPS - ModbusTCP client/Profibus DP slave
1 GW/several IEDs
1836 VDC => Power
converter is needed
Modbus TCP
1x 10/100TX (RJ45)
Profibus DP
RS485 (DB9F)

ABB Group
March 4, 2015 | Slide 13

Communication in Substation
Ethernet in SA Applications

IEC 61850-8-1 (Station bus)

Modbus TCP/IP
DNP3 TCP/IP

ABB Group
March 4, 2015 | Slide 14

Communication in Substation
Why to use Ethernet?
Future-proof Technology
Continuous further development
Communication technology where the most money is put in

Widespread availability and market familiarity

Vast IT infrastructure (switches, routers, network management
tools, )
Huge R&D efforts

Communication flexibility
Support for various transmission technology
Fiber Optic, Copper, Wireless

Support different Architecture

Cascading, Ring (network redundancy), Star, Hybrid (Mixed)

Multiple protocols on the same network

ABB Group
March 4, 2015 | Slide 15

Communication in Substation
Why to use Ethernet?
Remote and predictive diagnostic
Network speeds increased from 10Mb/s to 10Gb/s and
growing
Easy migration to higher-speed networks as they become
available

Cost savings
Wiring installation and maintenance
One network
Multiple protocols on the same network
Wiring infrastructure can remain when control system is
upgraded or replaced

ABB Group
March 4, 2015 | Slide 16

Communication in Substation
Network Topologies for Ethernet Switches
Not our scope

Fiber Optic

S/S1

Ring Topology (recommended)

Built-in redundancy
Cost effective cabling
Latency
All Managed Ethernet switches of the same manufacturer

ABB Group
March 4, 2015 | Slide 17

Communication in Substation
Network Topologies for Ethernet Switches
Not our scope
Fiber Optic

S/S1

Star Topology
Low Latency any IED to IED communication requires only
two hops
No redundancy shown
(Redundant star needs two Ethernet interfaces at each IED)

ABB Group
March 4, 2015 | Slide 18

Communication in Substation
Connections for IEDs - Direct connection
Fiber Optic

Fiber Optic or STP

Total No. of Ethernet ports = No. of IEDs + Spare ports for

future IED extension + 2x Fiber optic ports for ring
interconnection + (fiber optic ports for uplink connection)

ABB Group
March 4, 2015 | Slide 19

Communication in Substation
Connections for IEDs
611, 615 (except
RED) and 620 series
IEDs

Fiber Optic or STP

Self-healing Ethernet ring

Ring is controlled by Managed Ethernet switch with RSTP
support (essential part)
Avoids single point of failure concerns
Up to thirty IEDs per ring
Not possible to detect where ring is interrupted
Reconfiguration (might be 1s)
ABB Group
March 4, 2015 | Slide 20

Communication in Substation
Redundancy

max. 30 IEDs

High-availability Seamless Redundancy (HSR)

Same data is sent into both directions on the ring
Eliminating communication downtime
Supported by 615 Series IEC (except RED 615) and 620
Series IEC

ABB Group
March 4, 2015 | Slide 21

Communication in Substation
Redundancy
LAN A

LAN B

Parallel Redundancy Protocol (PRP)

Same data is sent to both networks
Eliminating communication downtime
Supported by 615 Series IEC (except RED 615) and 620
Series IEC and REF542+
Dont interconnect LAN A and LAN B

ABB Group
March 4, 2015 | Slide 22

Communication in Substation
Technology / Cabling
Twisted pair cable
with RJ45 connectors

Metal cabling
Two twisted pairs
Shielded (Factory
applications)
Category CAT6 S/FTP or
better
Susceptible to EMI,
therefore should be only
used inside cabinets
Easy to terminate with
RJ45 (not ruggedized)
connectors
Faster than 10Gb/s
doubtful

ABB Group
March 4, 2015 | Slide 23

Communication in Substation
Technology / Fiber Optic
FO cable Structure
Core very thin
strand of glass that
carries the data
Cladding another
layer of glass with
different refraction
index to either keep
light in or out of the
core
Buffer protective
layer

Main advantages of Fiber Optic

Greatest bandwidth of all media types
Immunity to Electromagnetic and Radio
Frequency Interference)
Increased security (resistance to
eavesdropping)
Extended distance capability
Speed Scalability
Excellent galvanic separation (No grounding)
Lightweight cable with small diameter
Higher port density
Less Congestion in pathways and spaces
Lower long-term maintenance costs
Future Proof (migration to faster speeds and
higher bandwidth)

ABB Group
March 4, 2015 | Slide 24

Communication in Substation
Technology / Fiber Optic
Multi-mode Fiber Optic ABB standard
Light travels multiple paths within the core
Multi-mode links: multi-mode transceivers & multi-mode cabling
62.5/125m (core/cladding size)
Wavelength: 1300nm
The most common

ABB Group
March 4, 2015 | Slide 25

Communication in Substation
Technology / Fiber Optic
Duplex Patchcord
with LC-LC
connectors

Duplex Patch cord

Optical cable used to
connect one device to
another for signal routing
Consists of two fibers
It is terminated by
connectors on both ends
Keep minimal bend radius

Typical fiber Optic

connectors in our
applications

Depends on specific
fiber cable
> 10x outer diameter of
the fiber cable

LC connectors

ABB Group
March 4, 2015 | Slide 26

Communication in Substation
Technology / Devices
Default !
AFS67x
AFS66x DIN-rail

Managed Ethernet Switch

AFS 670 Series
(up to 24 ports)

IEC 61850 & IEEE1613

approved
Extended temperature
rating (-40 + 85 C)
Universal High voltage
power supply

RSG2100
RSG2300
RS900 DIN-rail

RSG2100 Series
(up to 19 ports)

Number of ports affects

Connections for IEDs
(ring, direct)
Interconnection among
switches
Required spares
Uplink connection

ABB Group
March 4, 2015 | Slide 27

Communication in Substation
Technology / Devices
Network Timeservers with
GPS synchronized time
base
High precision base for a
TCP/IP network
+-1ms can be achieved
with a SNTP server
LANTIME M400/GPS

ABB Group
March 4, 2015 | Slide 28

Communication in Substation
Technology / Devices
Ethernet switch
RSG2100 assembled
in LVC of UniGear

Location
Inside Low Voltage
Compartment of the
UniGear panels
Typically in Bus riser,
Metering panel
Check switch sizes if
fit

Main benefits
Cubicles are ready for
connection
Saving space in
substation building
Shorter communication
links
Cheaper solution
ABB Group
March 4, 2015 | Slide 29

Communication in Substation
IEC 61850-8-1 (Station bus)

ABB Group
March 4, 2015 | Slide 30

Communication in Substation
IEC 61850 Standard / Station bus
1st device, do you
send me information
about ..?

Its Horizontal
Communication (GOOSE)
Its vertical communication (MMS)

Yes, I do

ABB Group
March 4, 2015 | Slide 31

I can hear
you and
help you

I have
problem to
perform
operation

Communication in Substation
Conventional vs. GOOSE approach
Conventional approach
Wiring between devices
must be done individually
per signal

Horizontal GOOSE
communication
Number of
interconnections is
equal to number of
devices

ABB Group
March 4, 2015 | Slide 32

Communication in Substation
GOOSE New added value
LVC for conventional
and. GOOSE
approach

Simplicity
All devices are connected via single attachment to the
network
Higher level of standardization
Standardized mechanical and electrical connections
and links
Logics can be defined after construction phase
Less I/O HW in IEDs, terminals, relays, MCBs, wires
ABB Group
March 4, 2015 | Slide 33

Communication in Substation
GOOSE New added value
Performance
tested in
according to
IEC 62271-3 by
KEMA

Performance
GOOSE is faster (12-17
ms) than the overall
hardwired one

Higher error detection

Interruption of Ethernet
link is detected within
configurable settings
Preconfigured fail-safe
operation in case of failure

ABB Group
March 4, 2015 | Slide 34

Communication in Substation
GOOSE New added value
Flexibility
Simple or complex automation schemes with no increase of
wiring costs
Last minute change possible

Improved diagnostics
Constantly supervised connection
Preconfigured fail-safe operation in case of failure

Scalability
Switchgears, SCADA,

Connectivity
To upper level system, to Smart Grids

Save time
(Engineering), manufacturing, erection, start-up, maintenance

Up-to-date and Future-proof technology

Long-term validity, right investments
ABB Group
March 4, 2015 | Slide 35

Communication in Substation
GOOSE support with ABB IEDs
Relion product family
Performance class P1/1A
(10ms)

PPMV Brno
Product-mix %

ABB Group
March 4, 2015 | Slide 36

Communication in Substation
GOOSE support with ABB IEDs
Remote IO - RIO600
Digital I/Os extension
Modular architecture with support up to
40 I/Os
Power supply module
Communication module
Binary Input module (8xBI)
Binary Output module (4xBO)

DIN-rail mountable modules

Applicability
No IED in panel
Digital I/O extension for IED
HW interface
I/Os for COM600
ABB Group
March 4, 2015 | Slide 37

Communication in Substation
IEC 61850-8-1 usage in UniGear Pro tenders 11/2013
PPMV Brno internal
UG Pro users

PPMV Brno FES UG

Pro users

ABB Group
March 4, 2015 | Slide 38

Communication in Substation
Prepared Documentation in
ePLAN

ABB Group
March 4, 2015 | Slide 39

Communication in Substation
Network Overview Diagram
Information about
Interconnection
between IED and
Ethernet switch
Network
architecture
Device location
panel No.

ABB Group
March 4, 2015 | Slide 40

Communication in Substation
Network Overview Diagram / Macros
Managed Ethernet
switches
IEDs

ABB Group
March 4, 2015 | Slide 41

IEC 61850 enabled MV Primary Switchgear

Logic Diagrams - Example
GOOSE projects

ABB Group
March 4, 2015 | Slide 42

Communication in Substation
Relion product family IEDs

ABB Group
March 4, 2015 | Slide 43

Communication in Substation
REF, REM, RET, REG 630 *1.2
Modbus
via gateway

ABB Group
March 4, 2015 | Slide 44

Communication in Substation
REF, REM, RET, 620 *2.0

Profibus DP
via gateway
Modbus/Profibus slave
5205-MNET-PDPS
(1 GW/4 IEDs)
5105-MCM-PDPS

ABB Group
March 4, 2015 | Slide 45

Communication in Substation
REF, REM, RET, REU 615 *4.0 FP1

Profibus DP
via gateway
Modbus/Profibus slave
5205-MNET-PDPS
(1 GW/4 IEDs)
5105-MCM-PDPS

ABB Group
March 4, 2015 | Slide 46

Communication in Substation
RED 615 *4.0

Profibus DP
via gateway
Modbus/Profibus slave
5205-MNET-PDPS
(1 GW/4 IEDs)
5105-MCM-PDPS

ABB Group
March 4, 2015 | Slide 47

Communication in Substation
REF, REM, REB 611 *1.0
Profibus DP
via gateway
Modbus/Profibus slave
5205-MNET-PDPS
(1 GW/4 IEDs)
5105-MCM-PDPS

ABB Group
March 4, 2015 | Slide 48

Communication in Substation
Substation Automation

ABB Group
March 4, 2015 | Slide 49

Communication in Substation
Switchgear with Station Automation
Grid Automation
Controller COM600
Offers All-in-one
User Interface
Communication
Gateway
Automation Platform

ABB Group
March 4, 2015 | Slide 50

Communication in Substation
Web Human Machine Interface Functionality
Single Line Diagram with
dynamic busbar coloring
Switch Device Control
Management of alarms
and events
Measurements
Disturbance Record
Upload
Protection functions
parameter Setting
System diagnostic
Access and user
management
Data Historian

ABB Group
March 4, 2015 | Slide 51

Communication in Substation
Connectivity

ABB Group
March 4, 2015 | Slide 52