Visual Languages of The Renaissance

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Visual Languages of the Renaissance:

Emblems, Dreams, Hieroglyphs.


Professor Nicola Cipani
ITAL-UA 760/MEDI-UA 760/
Spring 2015 - Thur 12:30PM-3:00PM
Casa Italiana, Library (2nd floor).
Office and office hours: Casa Italiana, 4th floor, Tue 3:30-4:30 or by appt.
nc39@nyu.edu

Making knowledge visible was one of the great Renaissance endeavors. Some of the period's
most characteristic products were born out of the conviction that concepts could be systematically
turned into images and that such images could be organized into a visual language, more
profound and universal than discursive logic. Egyptian hieroglyphs and dream visions, in their
mysterious graphic exuberance, were considered typical vehicles of this advanced mode of
communication. The desire to emulate their symbolic density is reflected both in literature and in
art, often in ways that challenge common distinctions between visual and verbal communication.
In this course you will be introduced to an assortment of works representative of such interplay
between text and image: emblem books, dream books and dream-centered works, hieroglyphic
inventions and studies, collections of proverbs, iconology manuals, etc. Among the books
examined are some widely considered as the finest examples of design in the history of printing.
Early modern and recent theory of emblems will also be discussed. As a present-day counterpart
of Renaissance emblems, the course will conclude with a survey of corporate logos and Russian
criminal tattoos.
Course materials
- Required course readings are either posted on nyu classes in advance of due date or accessible
online through nyu libraries (links are provided in the bibliography below).
Additional notes
- Grade: response papers 20%, midterm exam 25%, final 8pp. paper 35%, class participation
20%.
- Attendance at every lecture and section is mandatory. More than two missed lectures will
result in a decreased participation grade.
- Papers must include a bibliography and at least parenthetical citation to any author cited or
used as a source of argument and/or information. Please review the university's policy on
plagiarism, as it will be strictly enforced.
- Students must submit their paper draft by Tuesday, April 22 and their final paper by Tuesday,
May 6. Late submissions will negatively impact on the grade.

Week 1

Introduction - Hieroglyphs and the rediscovery of Horapollo


Horapollo, Hieroglypica
Boas 1993 (Hieroglyphics of Horapollo)
Weiss 1969 (The Renaissance Discovery of Classical Antiquity)
Allen 1970 (Mysteriously Meant)

Week 2

The Myth of Egypt in the Renaissance


Andrea Mantegna, Triumphs of Caesar
Albrecht Drer, Ehrenpforte
Lorenzo Lotto, Choir of S. Maria Maggiore in Bergamo
Dempsey 2000 (Renaissance Hieroglyphic Studies: an Overview)
Iversen 1993 (The myth of Egypt and its hieroglyphs in European tradition)

Week 3

Andrea Alciato's Book of Emblems


Andrea Alciato, Emblematum Liber
Daly 1989 (Andrea Alciato and the Emblem Tradition)
Russel 1986 (Emblems and Hieroglyphics)
Tung 2012 (Alciato's Practices of Imitation)

Week 4

XVIth Century Emblem Books


Geoffroy Tory, Champfleury
Geoffrey Withney, Choice of Emblems
Girolamo Ruscelli, Le Imprese Illustri
Daly 2000 (Sixteenth-Century Emblems and Imprese as Indicators of Cultural Change)
Calabritto 2007 (Women's Imprese in Girolamo Ruscelli)

Week 5

Ancient and Early Modern Dream Theory


Synesius of Cyrene, On Dreams
Marsilio Ficino, Platonic Theology.
Schreier-Rupprecht 1993 (A Renaissance Contribution to the History of Dream)
Schmidt-Biggemann 2007 (A Short History of Imagination)

Week 6

Dream Interpretation / Dream Representation


Artemidorus, Oneirocritica
Leo Hebraeus, Dialogues of Love
Gerolamo Cardano, The Book of my Life
Ruvoldt 2004 (The Sleep of Reason)
MacPhail 1995 (Prophecy and Memory in Renaissance Dream Vision)

Week 7

A Venetian Dream-Hieroglyph: Colonna's Hypnerotomachia


Greenhalg 1974 (The Monument in the Hypnerotomachia and the Pyramids of Egypt)
Curran 1998 (The Hypnerotomachia Polophilii and Renaissance Egyptology)
De Girolami Cheney 2007 (Colonna's Hypnerotomachia: A Garden of Neoplatonic Love)
Midterm Exam

Week 8

March 16- March 23 Spring Recess

Week 9

Hieroglyphic Erudition: Valeriano and Kircher


Pierio Valeriano, Hieroglyphica
Athanasius Kirchner, Oedipus Aegyptiacus

Curran 2007 (Hieroglyphic Studies in the High Renaissance)


Stolzenberg 2013 (Athanasius Kircher and the Secrets of Antiquity)
Week 10

XVIth Century Imprese


Paolo Giovio, Dialogo delle Imprese
Daly 1998 (Literature in the Light of the Emblem)
Maffei 2007 (Giovio's Dialogo and the Museum)
Caldwell 2007 (The Sixteenth-Century Italian Impresa in Theory and Practice)

Week 11

Handbooks of Allegories
Cesare Ripa, Iconologia
Achille Bocchi, Symbolicarum Quaestionum De Universo Genere
Seznec 1995 (Chapter V: The Influence of the Manuals)
Watson 1996 (Achille Bocchi and the Emblem Book As Symbolic Form)

Week 12

Devotional Emblem Books


Jacob Bosch, Symbolographia
Hermann Hugo, Pia Desideria
Jeremias Drexel, Aeternitatis Prodromus
Dimler 2007 (Studies in the Jesuit Emblem)
Daly 2014 (Jesuit Emblems)
Final paper draft due

Week 13

The Proverb as Hieroglyph: Erasmus


Desiderius Erasmus, Adagia
Callahan 1995 (Erasmus's Adages)
Margolin 1995 (Alciato, a Champion of Humanism in the Eyes of Erasmus)

Week 14

Literature in the Age of Emblems: Bruno and Marino


Bruno, Heroic Frenzies
Marino, Adonis
Yates 1982 (The Emblematic Conceit in Bruno's De Gli Eroici Furori)
Maggi 2007 ('L'uomo astratto'. Philosophy and Emblematic Rhetoric in the Furori)
Caruso 2013 (Marino's Adone: From Pastoral to Epic Poem)

Week 15

Logos and Tattoos as Emblems.


Russian Criminal Tattoo Encyclopedia
Daly 2008 (The Nachleben of the Emblem in Some Modern Logos)
Mderheim 2001 (Emblematics and Modern Tattoos)
Final paper due in class

Bibliography
Allen, Don Cameron. Mysteriously meant: the rediscovery of pagan symbolism and allegorical interpretation
in the Renaissance. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1970.
Assmann, Jan. Moses the Egyptian. The Menory of Egypt in Western Monotheism. Harvard University
Press, 1998.

Baldaev, Danzig, et al. Russian Criminal Tattoo Encyclopedia (3 volumes). London: FUEL, 20042010
Boas, George. Hieroglyphics of Horapollo. Princeton University Press, 1993.
Calabritto, Monica. "Women's Imprese in Girolamo Ruscelli's Le imprese illustri [1566]", The
Italian Emblem: A Collection of Essays. Mansueto, Donato, and Elena Laura Calogero,
eds. Geneve: Librairie Droz, 2007. 157-184.
Caldwell, Dorigen Sophie. The Sixteenth-Century Italian Impresa In Theory And Practice. Vol. 17.
New York: Ams Press, 2004.
Callahan, Virginia W. "Erasmus's Adages. A pervasive Element in the Emblems of Alciato."
Emblematica, 9 (1995): 241-56.
Caruso, Carlo. Adonis: The Myth of the Dying God in the Italian Renaissance. London/ New York:
Bloomsbury, 2013.
Cox Miller, Patricia. Dreams in Late Antiquity: Studies in the Imagination of a Culture. Princeton:
Princeton University Press, 1994
Curran, Brian A. "The Hypnerotomachia Poliphili and Renaissance Egyptology." Word &
Image 14.1-2 (1998): 156-185.
. The Egyptian Renaissance: The Afterlife Of Ancient Egypt In Early Modern Italy. University
of Chicago Press, 2007.
Daly, Peter M. Emblem Theory: Recent German Contributions to the Characterization of the EmblemGenre. Nendeln (Liechtenstein), 1979
. Andrea Alciato and the Emblem Tradition: Essays in Honor of Virginia Woods Callahan. Ed.
Peter M. Daly. Vol. 4. AMS Press, 1989.
. Literature in the Light of the Emblem. Toronto/ Buffalo/ London: University of
Toronto Press, 1998.
. Sixteenth-Century Emblems and Imprese as Indicators of Cultural Change. In
Interpretation and allegory: antiquity to the modern period. Edited by Jon Whitman. Leiden: Brill, 2000.
365-382. https://getit.library.nyu.edu/go/6549622
. Companion to emblem studies. No. 20. New York: Ams Press Inc, 2008.
. The Emblem in Early Modern Europe: Contributions to the Theory of the Emblem. Aldershot,
England / Burlington (VT): Ashgate, 2014.
Daly, Peter M., J. Manning, M. van Vaeck. Emblems from Alciato to the Tattoo. Selected Papers of
the Leuven International Emblem Conference, 18-23 August, 1996. Brepols: Turnhout, 2001.

De Girolami Cheney, Liana. "Francesco Colonna's Hypnerotomachia Poliphilii: A Garden of


Neoplatonic Love", The Italian Emblem: A Collection of Essays. Mansueto, Donato, and Elena
Laura Calogero, eds. Geneve: Librairie Droz, 2007. 157-184.
Dempsey, Charles. Renaissance Hieroglyphic Studies: an Overview. Interpretation and allegory:
antiquity to the modern period. Edited by Jon Whitman. Leiden: Brill, 2000. 365-382.
https://getit.library.nyu.edu/go/6549622

Dimler, G. Richard. Studies in the Jesuit Emblem. Vol. 18. New York: Ams Press, 2007.
Drysdal, Denis D. "Andrea Alciato, Pater et Princeps", Companion to emblem studies. No. 20.
New York: Ams Press Inc, 2008.
Graham, David. "Emblema Multiplex: Towards a Typology of Emblematic Forms, Structures
and Functions." Emblem scholarship-directions and developments, ed. Daly, Peter Maurice. Turnhout:
Brepols, 2005.
Greenhalg, Michael. "The Monument in the Hypnerotomachia and the Pyramids of Egypt".
Nouvelles de l'estampe 14 (1974): 13-16.
Iversen, Erik. Obelisks in exile. 1. The obelisks of Rome. Copenhagen: GAD Publishers, 1968.
. The myth of Egypt and its hieroglyphs in European tradition. Princeton: Princeton
University Press, 1993.
MacPhail, Eric. 1995. Prophecy and Memory in Renaissance Dream Vision. In ICLA 91: The
Force of Vision, II: Visions of the Other. Edited by Gerald Gillespie, Margaret Higonnet, and
Sumie Jones. Tokyo: International Comparative Literature Association, 1995. 193-199.
Maffei, Sonia. "Giovio's Dialogo delle Imprese Militari e Amorose and the Museum". The
Italian Emblem: A Collection of Essays. Mansueto, Donato, and Elena Laura Calogero,
eds. Geneve: Librairie Droz, 2007. 33-64.
Maggi, Armando. Luomo astratto. Philosophy and emblematic rhetoric in the Eroici Furori.
In: The Alchemy of Extremes. The laboratory of the Eroici Fuori of Giordano Bruno. Edited by E.
Canone and I. Rowland. Pisa/Roma: Istituti Editoriali e Poligrafici Internazionali, 2007. 95103.
Margolin, Jean Claude. "Alciato, a Champion of Humanism in the Eyes of Erasmus".
Emblematica, 9 (1995): 369-89.
Mderheim, Sabine. "Skin Deep-Mind Deep. Emblematics and Modern Tattoos". Emblems
from Alciato to the Tattoo. Selected Papers of the Leuven International Emblem Conference, 1823 August, 1996. P. Daly, J. Manning, M. Van Vaeck (eds.). Brepols: Turnhout, 2001.
Praz, Mario. Studies in Seventeenth-Century Imagery. Roma: Edizioni di Storia e Letteratura, 1974.
Russell, Daniel S. "Emblems and Hieroglyphics: Some Observations on the Beginnings and
the Nature of Emblematic Forms." Emblematica 1.2 (Fall 1986), 227-43.

Ruvoldt, Maria. The Italian Renaissance Imagery of Inspiration: Metaphors of Sex, Sleep, and Dreams.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
Schmidt-Biggemann, Wilhelm. Philosophia perennis. Historical Outlines of Western Spirituality in
Ancient, Medieval and Early Modern Thought. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer, 2007.
Schreier Rupprecht, Carol. Divinity, Insanity, Creativity: A Renaissance Contribution to the
History and Theory of Dream/Text(s). In: The Dream and the Text. Essays on Literature and
Language. Edited by Carol Schreier Rupprecht, Albany: State University of New York Press,
1993. 112-132.
Seznec, Jean. The Survival Of The Pagan Gods: The Mythological Tradition And Its Place In Renaissance
Humanism And Art. Princeton University Press, 1995.
Stolzenberg, Daniel. Egyptian Oedipus: Athanasius Kircher and the Secrets of Antiquity. University of
Chicago Press, 2013.
Tung, Mason. "Alciato's practices of imitation: a new approach to studying his
emblems." Emblematica: an Interdisciplinary Journal for Emblem Studies 19 (2012): 153-258.
Watson, Elizabeth See. Achille Bocchi and the emblem book as symbolic form. Cambridge University
Press, 1993.
Weiss, Roberto. The Renaissance Discovery of Classical Antiquity, Oxford: Oxford University Press,
1969.
Yates, Frances A. Lull and Bruno. Collected Essays. Vol.1. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1982.
Web Resources / Digitization Projects
OpenEmblem initiative (University of Illinois): http://media.library.uiuc.edu/projects/oebp/
Memorial University of Newfoundland Alciato: http://www.mun.ca/alciato/
Glasgow University Emblem Website: http://www.emblems.arts.gla.ac.uk/
Glasgow Centre for Emblem digitisation: http://www.ces.arts.gla.ac.uk/html/AHRBProject.htm
Emblem Project Utrecht: http://www.let.uu.nl/emblems/html/index.html
Bavarian State Library Project: http://mdz1.bib-bvb.de/~emblem/
University of Bergamo, Biblioteca Emblematica: http://dinamico.unibg.it/cav/emblematica/login.htm

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