A PRIL 11, 2016

P RN
Why young
men who
grew up with
Internet porn
are becoming
advocates for
turning it of
By Belinda Luscombe

time.com

At Home Above the World

Spend a year inside the International Space Station with Scott Kelly in
this all-new Special Edition as he chronicles his historic year in space.

This companion to the TIME

and PBS documentary series
A Year in Space provides
exclusive coverage from the
series, including:
Stunning photography
taken from space
Exclusive interviews
First-hand accounts of space
walks, what life is like in
orbit, and much more

PICK UP YOUR COPY IN STORES TODAY OR PURCHASE NOW ON AMAZON

For information on viewing the full-length documentary, go to pbs.org/yearinspace

2016 Time Inc. Books. TIME is a registered trademark of Time Inc.

VOL. 187, NO. 13 | 2016

The Comey Primary

)%, FKLHI -DPHV &RPH\
V oQGLQJV LQ WKH +LOODU\ &OLQWRQ
HPDLO LQYHVWLJDWLRQ FRXOG VZLQJ WKH  HOHFWLRQ
By Massimo Calabresi 26

Is Free Trade Bad for America?

(FRQRPLF JOREDOL]DWLRQ LV WKH VXUSULVH
KRWEXWWRQ FDPSDLJQ LVVXH RI 
By Rana Foroohar 32

Cultural Revolution Redux

&KLQHVH 3UHVLGHQW ;L -LQSLQJ LV EXLOGLQJ D SHUVRQDOLW\ FXOW
XQOLNH DQ\WKLQJ VLQFH &KDLUPDQ 0DR
By Hannah Beech 36

3 | Conversation
4 | For the Record

TheBrief
News from the U.S. and
around the world

5 | Its ISIS vs. everyone.

Whos winning?
7 | Who stole
Shakespeares skull?
8 | Trumps woman
problem
9 | Why some
Republicans prefer to
lose with Cruz
10 | Ian Bremmer
decodes Donald
Trumps foreign policy
11 | Farewell to Garry
Shandling and Jim
Harrison

TheView
Ideas, opinion,
innovations

19 | Why more
businesses are
getting political
20 | Is our obsession
with material things
poisoning the planet?
21 | In Japan, trains you
cant see
21 | The Apple-FBI
standoff: Who won?
21 | How to parent like
a diplomat
22 | Coming soon to a
workplace near you:
robots
24 | How to build your
own pension

12 | Whos the greatest

NBA team of all time?
16 | Grief and horror in
Lahore, Pakistan

TimeOf
What to watch, read,
see and do

49 | Richard Linklaters
Everybody Wants
Some!!

All eyes are on Xi, Chinas most powerful President in decades

X I : C H I N AT O P I X /A P/C O R B I S; S H A K E S P E A R E : A R C H I V E P H O T O S/G E T T Y I M A G E S

Cover Story

Porn vs. Sex

H oUVW JHQHUDWLRQ RI PHQ WR JURZ XS DPLG XQOLPLWHG
RQOLQH SRUQ UHSRUW SUREOHPV ZLWK HUHFWLOH G\VIXQFWLRQ
DQG ORZ OLELGR ,V WKHUH D FRQQHFWLRQ"
By Belinda Luscombe 40

3RUQ
V VH[\ GHSLFWLRQ RI PDOH DJJUHVVLRQ
LV KDYLQJ WURXEOLQJ HHFWV RQ WHHQDJH JLUOV
By Peggy Orenstein 47
On the cover: Photograph by Mark HarrisGetty Images

51 | Debut ilm Krisha

tells a parable of the
prodigal daughter

52 | Is your TV ready
for The Girlfriend
Experience?
53 | Quick Talk with
actor Riley Keough
53 | Catastrophes
Brit wit comes stateside
54 | Methinks the Bard
doth linger yet with us
57 | The power of Patty
Duke
59 | Joel Stein on the
Trump-Cruz wife wars
60 | 10 Questions
with geochemist Hope
Jahren

Shakespeare, 400
years of inluence,
page 54

TIME (ISSN 0040-781X) is published weekly, except for two combined issues in January and one combined issue in February, April, July, August, September and November by Time Inc. PRINCIPAL OFFICE: 225
Liberty Street, New York, NY 10281-1008. Periodicals postage paid at New York, NY and additional mailing ofices. POSTMASTER: Send all UAA to CFS (See DMM 507.1.5.2); Non-Postal and Military Facilities: send
address corrections to TIME Magazine, P.O. Box 62120, Tampa, FL 33662-2120. Canada Post Publications Mail Agreement No. 40110178. Return undeliverable Canadian addresses to: Postal Station A, P.O. Box
4322, Toronto, Ontario M5W 3G9. GST No. 888381621RT0001. 2016 Time Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part without written permission is prohibited. TIME and the Red Border Design are
protected through trademark registration in the United States and in the foreign countries where TIME magazine circulates. U.S. Subscriptions: $49 for one year. SUBSCRIBERS: If the Postal Service alerts us that
your magazine is undeliverable, we have no further obligation unless we receive a corrected address within two years. Your bank may provide updates to the card information we have on ile. You may opt out of this
service at any time. CUSTOMER SERVICE AND SUBSCRIPTIONS: For 24/7 service, visit time.com/customerservice. You can also call 1-800-843-TIME; write to TIME, P.O. Box 62120, Tampa, FL, 33662-2120; or email
privacy@time.customersvc.com. MAILING LIST: We make a portion of our mailing list available to reputable irms. If you would prefer that we not include your name, please call or write us. PRINTED IN THE U.S.



  

   
7RQGRXWPRUHYLVLWZISRUJ,DP6\ULDQ







I used to work as a farmer, living

and eating off the sweat of my brow.
I had confidence that my children
were safe. - ZIAD

Conversation

Back in TIME

Hawke as jazz
icon Baker

April 5, 1976
THE PORNO PLAGUE
This weeks cover story recalls its forebear of exactly 40 years ago. Read the
whole issue at time.com/vault

NOW ON TIME.COM Actors Ethan Hawke and Tom Hiddleston recently sat
down in TIMEs studio to discuss a new challenge theyve both taken on: playing
musical icons. As Chet Baker in Born to Be Blue and Hank Williams in I Saw the
Light, respectively, Hawke and Hiddleston are tasked with doing justice to their
characters as well as to the songs those musical luminaries made famous. In a
new video, the two reveal the work that goes into elevating a performance from
imitation to interpretationand they sing some duets for good measure. Watch
at time.com/music-biopics

THE NEWS Court rulings made it harder

What you said about ...

to get obscenity convictions in the U.S.,

spurring a boom in explicit media.

CANCER AND IMMUNOTHERAPY

THE QUESTION How would the Age of

Alice Parks April 4 cover story on the

growing promise of immunotherapy
for treating cancerand the challenges
of its limited
availability
made me realYou never know
ize how fortunate I am, wrote Barhow important
bara Jo Sieber of Bradenton, Fla.,
scientiic
who is currently involved in a trial
research is
for such a treatment. But Roger
until your life
Stone of Kirkland, Wash., underdepends on it.
scored the point that enrolling in a
RACH GEE,
clinical trial, while a way to obtain
on Facebook
new therapies, can be heartbreaking too, as patients can be suddenly
removed from a trial if they no longer it the study parameters. [Patients in a trial] are a thing, a
statistic to the drug company and the study doctors, he wrote.
I know there are doctors that do care . . . But this is wrong.

Porn change a once Puritan nation?

WHAT WE GOT RIGHT Porn did, as we

predicted, become commonplace.

WHAT WE GOT WRONG But the desire to

prevent the U.S. from turning into the

world portrayed in A Clockwork Orange
did not create a new vogue for censorship. Quite the opposite, in fact . . .

BONUS
TIME
POLITICS

Subscribe to TIMEs free

politics newsletter and
get exclusive news and
insights from the 2016
campaign sent straight to
your inbox. For more, visit
time.com/email

HAWK E: IF C F ILMS

Letters should include the writers full name, address and home
telephone and may be edited for purposes of clarity and space

TALK TO US

SEND AN EMAIL:
letters@time.com
Please do not send attachments

FOLLOW US:
facebook.com/time
@time (Twitter and Instagram)

Back Issues Contact us at help.single@customersvc.com or

call 1-800-274-6800. Reprints and Permissions Information
is available at time.com/reprints. To request custom reprints,
visit timereprints.com. Advertising For advertising rates and
our editorial calendar, visit timemediakit.com. Syndication
For international licensing and syndication requests, email
syndication@timeinc.com or call 1-212-522-5868.

Please recycle this

magazine and remove
inserts or samples
before recycling

For the Record

Donald Trump
may be a rat, but I
have no desire to
copulate
with him.

Batman v
Superman
The superhero
lick soared to the
sixth best boxofice opening
ever

GOOD WEEK
BAD WEEK

TED CRUZ, GOP presidential candidate,

blasting Trump by somewhat bizarrely

alluding to an unprintable political
slang term for dirty tricks; Cruz
blamed his rival for a garbage
National Enquirer story alleging
Cruz had extramarital affairs

THE REV. IRA ACREE, Chicago

pastor, lamenting an 84%

increase in the citys homicide
rate since last year and looking
ahead warily to the typically
more violent summer months

Palmyra has
been liberated.

Number of eggs used

to make a giant
omelette in the French
town of Bessires

MAMOUN ABDELKARIM, Syrias director of

antiquities, after Syrian military forces
routed ISIS from the ancient city; ISIS
militants ransacked historical sites and
destroyed artifacts during the 10 months
they occupied the city, a UNESCO World
Heritage Site

VICE PRESIDENT JOE BIDEN, rejecting

Republican claims that a speech he gave
in 1992 set a precedent for the GOPs
refusal to consider President Obamas
nominee for the Supreme Court

13
10
billion
Number of times
people have viewed
Justin Biebers music
videos on Vevo, setting
a record for the site

Length in
feet (4 m)
of a python
left at a Los
Angeles sushi
restaurant,
allegedly by
a disgruntled
customer

Our values have been hijacked.

JENNIFER ROBERTS, mayor of Charlotte, after North Carolina enacted a law that
blocks local LGBT antidiscrimination ordinances; Roberts argued that the law, one of several
similar proposals advancing across the country, will hurt the city inancially
S O U R C E S : M S N B C ; N E W YO R K T I M E S ; R E U T E R S

C R U Z : G E T T Y I M A G E S; A C R E E : R E D U X ; B I D E N : A P ; A B D E L K A R I M : R E U T E R S; B AT M A N V S U P E R M A N : W A R N E R B R O S .; I L L U S T R AT I O N S B Y B R O W N B I R D D E S I G N F O R T I M E

THERE IS
 NO BIDEN
RULE. IT
DOESNT
EXIST.

Batman v
Superman
The movie was
widely panned by
critics across
the U.S.

C81/(66
620(7+,1*
5$',&$/
7$.(6
3/$&(,7
6
*2,1*72
%($%/22'
%$7+7+,6
6800(5

HE WAS, QUITE SIMPLY, THE MOST FASCINATINGAND MOST FASCINATEDPERSON I HAVE EVER MET. PAGE 11

A Syrian soldier holds a captured ISIS lag after government troops retook the city of Palmyra

TERROR

Losing in
battle, ISIS
gains by
attacking the
gray zone of
the West

S P U T N I K /A P

By Karl Vick

PHOTOGR APH BY MIKHAIL VOSKRESENSKIY

WHOS WINNING THE WAR AGAINST

ISIS? That depends on which war you
have in mind. There are at least two.
The war being fought in Iraq and
Syria is the most visible and lately
the one going badly for ISIS. Newly
arrived U.S. Special Forces teams
are picking of the groups leaders
most recently its No. 2 in an air strike
called in on March 25. In addition to
commanders, the extremists are also
losing ground. The ancient city of
Palmyra fell on March 27 to the forces
of Syrian President Bashar Assad
and Russia. Shaddadi, a strategic
town near the border with Iraq, fell
in February to U.S.-backed rebels.
ISIS lost the Iraqi provincial capitals
of Ramadi and Tikrit over the past
year, while Syrian Kurds took much
of the countrys north and are dug

in near the ISIS capital of Raqqa.

All told, ISIS has lost 30% of the
land it held at its 2014 peak. Most of
it may be desert waste, but thats no
diferent than it was when ISIS was
on a roll and declared a new caliphate ostensibly for the worlds 1.3 billion Sunni Muslims. That declaration
proved a recruiting boon, drawing
tens of thousands of foreigners to live
and ight in the name of not just an
ideology but a place. Now as the territory of the Islamic State shrinks,
will its appeal diminish as well? That
remains to be seenas does the outcome of the other war ISIS is waging,
one fought through terrorism.
That war is going far better for the
extremists, largely because gains are
measured not in square miles and battle lines but in fear and politics. Days
5

TheBrief

after 32 people were killed in Brussels,

ISISs attacks remained the worlds top
news story; imagine if the plotters had
managed to penetrate the nuclear facility that authorities fear was their original
objective. As it is, the attacks have generated widespread alarmnot only about
ISIS but about any Muslim, anywhere.
Thats precisely what ISIS intends,
according to ISIS itself. In online proclamations and in its magazine, Dabiq,
the group asserts that terrorist strikes on
the West are only partly meant to punish countries arrayed against it militarily.
In a more strategic sense, the attacks are
also intended to destroy the gray zone.
Gray zone turns out to be ISISs term for
any society in which Muslims and nonMuslims coexist.
It sounds simple because it is. ISIS
sees the world as black and white and
abhors the middle ground where everyday life is lived. French journalist Nicolas Hnin, who spent 10 months as an
ISIS hostage, wrote that when Germany
opened its doors to Syrian refugees, jihadis were lummoxed. Their response
was a videotape urging refugees to turn
around and head for the Islamic State.
But recent events have given the
extremists hope, according to analysts.
ISIS has declared its worldview
vindicated by the rising electoral
prospects of anti-Islam parties in Europe.
And in the U.S., leading Republican
presidential candidates have joined
in attacking the gray zone. It was
after the terrorist attacks in Paris and
San Bernardino, Calif., that Donald
Trump proposed a total and complete

Raqqa
Mosul
Aleppo
Med.
Sea Homs

Deir
ez-Zor

IRAQ

LEB.

SYRIA
Damascus

Baghdad

JORDAN

ISIS TERRITORY
January 2015 to March 14, 2016

No change Gains

Losses

SOURCE: IHS CONFLICT MONITOR

TIME April 11, 2016

TRENDING

CRIME
An EgyptAir light from
Alexandria to Cairo
was hijacked and
diverted to Cyprus
on March 29. All
aboard were released
without harm after the
suspected hijacker
surrendered. He was
reportedly motivated by
a feud with his ex-wife.

SANCTIONS
North Koreans have
been told to brace
for possible famine
and economic
hardship, according
to an editorial in state
media. The article
comes weeks after the
U.N. voted for tougher
sanctions against the
country, which has
been testing powerful
weapons.

LABOR
In a victory for the
labor movement,
the U.S. Supreme
Court came to a
4-4 tie in a case on
public-sector union
fees, leaving intact
a lower-court ruling
that nonmembers
can be asked to cover
contract-negotiation
costs.

SA N CTIONS, L ABOR: A P; CRIME: REUTERS; POSTMORTEM, DIGITS: GE T T Y IM AGES (5)

TURKEY

shutdown of U.S. borders to Muslims.

Following Brussels, Ted Cruz called for
police patrols of Muslim neighborhoods.
I think its a winning strategy for
ISIS so far, says Faysal Itani, a fellow
at the Atlantic Council, a Washington
think tank. At a pretty low cost, theyve
been able to achieve what no other terrorist group has done, even Osama
bin Laden and al-Qaeda, who killed
3,000 innocents in one day. We are now
at a point where anti-Muslim sentiment
is part of mainstream political discourse
in the West.
The strategy is not without hazards.
If ISIS becomes better known for terrorist attacks than for its self-proclaimed
caliphate, it risks looking like just another jihadi group. On the other hand,
over-the-top reaction to Paris and Brussels demonstrates how well terrorism
can workif people let it. The thing
that a weak force does is try to act bigger than it is, notes Harleen Gambhir, an
analyst at the Institute for the Study of
War. There are ways to conceive of ISIS
and to respond to ISIS that play into the
image that ISIS is trying to project.
As she speaks from her Washington ofice, the breaking news banner on CNN
reads, TRUMP: AMERICA NOT SAFE FOR
AMERICANS. Gambhir sighs. ISIS remains formidable, she says, both in Syria,
where its retreats have been orderly, and
in chaotic Libya, where an ailiate has
gained ground. But in the West, she says,
the picture is very diferent.
A post-Brussels study by the New
America Foundation rated the danger
of terrorist strikes by the very few ISIS
ighters who have returned to the U.S.
from Syria as low and manageable.
But there is reality, and there is fear.
Gambhir cautions that ISIS still could
end up dictating terms in the U.S., if
only by dint of the power Americans
choose to give it.
It becomes an existential threat
when we begin changing our patterns
of living, or overreacting, Gambhir
says. Then ISIS no longer just claims
to have powerit actually has power,
because its shaping the actions of its
opponents.
So perhaps theres a third war, this
one fought between understandable
emotion and calm reason. And that war
may be the hardest to win.

DATA

WATER OF THE
WORLD
A report from
nonproit
WaterAid shows
what share of
people in various
countries have
access to safe
water sources.
Heres a sample:

100%
Qatar

RIGHT-WING RESISTANCE Serbian ultranationalists protest the E.U. and NATO at a rally in Belgrade on March 24,
the 17th anniversary of the military alliances bombing of Serbia. Far-right leader Vojislav Seselj addressed the crowd to
praise Radovan Karadzic, the former Bosnian Serb leader sentenced that day to 40 years in prison by a U.N. war-crimes
court for atrocities committed during Bosnias 199295 war. Photograph by Marko DjuricaReuters
99.2%
U.S.

POSTMORTEM

DIGITS

Burgled body parts

12,000

Alas, poor William: researchers in the U.K. who analyzed Shakespeares grave with
radar imaging said March 23 his skull was likely stolen more than 200 years ago.
The playwright joins other noted victims of graveyard robbery. Julia Zorthian

ST. NICHOLAS
Sailors stole
the remains of
St. Nicholas
(whom you might
know as Santa
Claus) in 1087
from what is now
Turkey and took
them to Bari, Italy,
where they are
today. The bones
are said to emit
a healing balm
called manna.

GALILEO GALILEI
Supporters took
three ingers and
a tooth from the
astronomers
grave in 1737,
some 95 years
after his death.
The ingers went
their separate
ways until 2010,
when they were
reunited for
display in a
Florence museum.

JOSEPH HAYDN
After the
composer died
in 1809, two
admirers bribed
a grave digger
to give them his
skull so they
could check for a
bump of music
that might explain
his genius. The
cranium was only
returned to his
tomb in 1954.

ALBERT
EINSTEIN
The physicist
left behind
instructions to
cremate his body,
but when he died
in 1955 a doctor
gave his eyeballs
to Einsteins
ophthalmologist,
who saved them
in a jar thats now
kept in a safedeposit box.

Number of times
paramedics performed
first aid during a March 27
marathon run by 20,000
people in Qingyuan, China;
long-distance running has
become a fad in China, but
athletes and organizers
are often woefully
inexperienced

94.1%
India

84.7%
Dominican
Republic

49%
Angola

TheBrief Politics

ON HIRING
WORKING MOMS,
IN 2011

DEMOGRAPHY

Why Trump is
losing Americas
largest voting bloc
ALMOST AS MUCH AS WEALTH,
Donald Trump regards women as a measure of success. Hes married to a former
model, frequently recounts his history
of romantic conquests and turned a recent presidential forum into a referendum on penis size. But whatever prowess he may have elsewhere, Trump has
problems with women in the polls.
So much so that female voters are becoming an impediment to his shot at the
White House. Trumps divisive appeal
has won over disafected white male
voters, who have carried him to pluralities in the crowded GOP primaries. But
his swaggering style and oddball, offensive remarks have made him toxic
to the women who swing general elections. Nearly three-quarters of women
in a March 24 CNN poll said they had an
unfavorable view of Trump. In a recent
NBC/Wall Street Journal poll, nearly
half of Republican women surveyed said
they couldnt imagine voting for the
GOP front runner.
Trumps dismal standing with
women is the single biggest reason
strategists in both parties predict his
nomination would make Hillary Clinton the 45th U.S. President. Women
have cast more votes than men in every
general election since 1964 and voted
at higher rates than men in every race
since 1980. Its very diicult for a candidate to win a general election if hes
underwater with the nations largest and
most reliable voting bloc.
Republicans know from experience.
Theyve lost women in every presidential race since 1988a stretch during
which theyve carried the popular vote
exactly once, in 2004. In 2012, Barack
Obama won women by double digits
after his allies painted Mitt Romneys
positions on abortion, contraception
and the economy as part of a GOP war
on women.
Trump is an easier target. In recent
days alone, he has insulted the appearance of Senator Ted Cruzs wife and
questioned the integrity of a female
reporter who pressed battery charges
8

TIME April 11, 2016

IT DOESNT
REALLY MATTER
WHAT [THE MEDIA]
WRITE AS LONG AS
YOUVE GOT A YOUNG
AND BEAUTIFUL
PIECE OF ASS.

ON HIS PUBLIC PERCEPTION,

IN 1991

If [she]
werent my
daughter,
perhaps Id
be dating
her.

SHES NOT
GIVING ME 100%.
SHES GIVING ME
84%, AND 16% IS
GOING TOWARD
TAKING CARE OF
CHILDREN.
LOOK AT
THAT FACE.
WOULD
ANYONE VOTE
FOR THAT?
ON CARLY FIORINA,
IN 2015

ON JOURNALIST
MICHELE FIELDS,
WHO CLAIMS
SHE WAS
ASSAULTED BY
HIS CAMPAIGN
MANAGER AT
A RALLY,
IN 2016

HOW DO YOU
KNOW THOSE
BRUISES
WERENT THERE
BEFORE?

ON IVANKA TRUMP,
IN 2006

ON THE RECORD
Trumps past statements about women offer plenty of fodder
for Democratic opposition researchers

against his own campaign manager.

Over the course of the campaign, he has
called former GOP rival Carly Fiorina
ugly and repeatedly attacked Fox News
anchor Megyn Kelly. On March 30 he
said women who have illegal abortions
should face some form of punishment.
If Trump wins the Republican nomination, hell become a poster child for misogyny, predicts Katie Packer, a former
Romney strategist.
To recover, Trump will argue that
he has hired thousands of women in

his businesses, and he could opt to dispatch his daughter Ivanka to more public
events. Expect to see him deploy more
female surrogates to make his case with
women voters, says Michele Swers, a
political-science professor at Georgetown University. Otherwise, says Jennifer Lawless of American Universitys
Women & Politics Institute, its virtually impossible to envision any scenario
whereby 50% of female voters would cast
their ballots for him. ALEX ALTMAN
AND JAY NEWTON-SMALL

CAMPAIGN 2016

HOT
ON THE
TRAIL
With the parties conventions just
3 months away, the race for the
White House is all about threats,
feints, fallout and trying to get
a word in edgewise

Lets get a show of hands

Bernie Sanders won big out West
in March, but Hillary
Clinton still dominates
the all-important
delegate count. His
only path now is to
woo superdelegatesa
strategy his team once
decried as undemocratic.

No, for now

I VA N K A , D O N A L D : R E U T E R S; F I O R I N A , C R U Z : A P ; F I E L D S : R E D U X ; S A N D E R S , K A S I C H , M C C O N N E L L , C L I N T O N : G E T T Y I M A G E S

John Kasich, who has no viable

path to the presidential
nomination unless
theres a contested
convention, swears
hes not interested in
being anyone elses
VP. But he pretty much
has to say that.

Dems eye Trump card

The Republicans messy
implosion puts at
least six GOP-held
Senate seats
and the partys
narrow, four-seat
majorityon thin
ice. Dems zero
in on Illinois, New
Hampshire and Ohio.

All over but the shouting

Clinton and Sanders
struck a tentative deal
for a last debate before
the April 19 New York
primary. Trump says
hes sick of debates.
Cruz wants a one-on-one
with Trump, and Kasich just wants
you to remember hes running.

STRATEGY

Will the GOP try

to lose with Cruz?

New Jersey Governor Chris Christie

who have lined up behind him.
Even if the stop-Trump crowd
succeeds, there is the complicated
matter of who might take his place
on the ballot. Cruz, the leading alternative, is disliked nearly as much as
Trump by moderate Republicans and
independent voters and trails both
Clinton and Senator Bernie Sanders in head-to-head polls. The only
remaining candidate who appears
to have a chance of beating Clinton,
according to recent polling, is Ohio
Governor John Kasich, who has won
only his home state and whose path
to the nomination would take multiple ballots at the Cleveland convention in the best of circumstances.
Even then, his delegate count leaves
him long odds. More unlikely still
would be the emergence of a white
knight to rescue the party at the
convention.
So for now, the smart anti-Trump
money seems to be on Cruz. Even
South Carolina Senator Lindsey
Graham, who once mused that
having to choose between Trump
and Cruz would be like deciding
between being shot and being
poisoned, has come around on the
Texas Senator. You might ind an
antidote to the poisoningI dont
know, but maybe theres time, he
quipped on The Daily Show. He
didnt sound conident.
ZEKE J. MILLER

Mitt Romney criticized him as way

over the line, Jeb Bush blasted him
for lip-lopping on immigration,
and Carly Fiorina smeared him for
saying whatever he needs to say to
get elected. Now all three onetime
critics have embraced Texas Senator Ted Cruz in a last-ditch efort
to stop Donald Trump. And its not
necessarily because they think he
can win.
With Trump inching up in the
delegate race on the path to the
nomination, the notional leaders of
the Grand Old Party have been facing a Hobsons choice: whether to
rally behind the front runner or try
to stop him in his tracks, an option
that could alienate Trumps supporters and risk permanently splitting
the party.
Still, with each week, more
prominent Republicans are casting
their lots with Cruz, hoping that a
tumultuous convention will produce
another nominee. One senior Republican operative, who is working
for Cruz but doesnt believe he can
win, explains his decision. Lets
give the king of the Tea Party the
nomination and get behind him, and
pray that breaks the fever, the operative tells TIME.
The growing #NeverTrump
movement includes governors,
Senators, top donors, political
strategists and grassroots activists scrambling to extricate the
party from what increasingly
appears to be a no-win situation.
It is a disorganized efort with no
formal leader or script. Its members do what they want, speaking
out on television and in newspaper columns, running tens of
millions of dollars worth of last
ditch negative ads and generally
GOP leading
wringing their hands. They have
alternative
also begun to attack those who
Cruz speaks
are siding with the Manhattan
March 19 in
developer: Our Principles PAC, a
Provo, Utah
GOP super PAC opposing Trump,
has criticized Republicans like

TheBrief

THE RISK REPORT

TRENDING

Debunking Trumps
foreign policy
By Ian Bremmer

POLITICS
Brazils largest political
party said it would
withdraw from the
coalition government,
leaving President
Dilma Rousseff and
her Workers Party isolated. The Democratic
Movement Partys
decision will make it
harder for Rousseff to
avoid impeachment
proceedings.

HEALTH
Annual per capita
consumption of soda
in the U.S. fell to a
30-year low in 2015,
according to new
industry data, with
sales dropping for the
11th straight year.
Even diet-soda sales
were lat, as concerns
grow about the health
impact of artiicial
sweeteners.

ENVIRONMENT
The U.S. Geological
Surveys new
earthquake-hazard
map shows that parts
of Oklahoma are now
as seismic as parts
of California, when
man-made quakes are
factored in. Oklahoma
saw 907 temblors of
over 3.0 magnitude
last year, thanks mostly
to oil and gas drilling.

I KNOW THE OUTER WORLD EXISTS, AND

Ill be very cognizant of that, but at the same
time, our country is disintegrating. So says
Donald Trump, who wants to make America
great again by refocusing U.S. foreign policy
to rebuild American strength from within.
This idea comes not from a civil libertarians
respect for the Constitution but from his
trademark exhibitionist belligerence. Trump
is less Thomas Jeferson than George Jeferson, moving on up to win his partys presidential nomination.
Hes not an isolationist. Trump has loated
the use of U.S. troops in Syria and pledged to
torture suspected terrorists and knock the
hell out of ISIS, maybe with nuclear weapons. Trump sees most U.S. allies as weak at
best and free riders at worst. He doesnt want
to scrap NATOhe just thinks allies should
pay more of its bills. His go-it-alone approach
is in some ways an extension of Bush-era neoconservatism and the Obama Administrations
extensive use of drones and sanctions.
For all his bluster, Trump has raised questions that speak directly to the anxieties of
many Americans, and the Washington foreign
policy establishment would do well to engage
him. Why does Washington allow Germany
and Japan, two of the worlds wealthiest nations, to outsource their security to the U.S.?

Do ordinary Americans really beneit from

globalization? Doesnt the trade deicit prove
that others take us for suckers? Trump assumes these questions dont have good answers. Hes wrong, but Americans deserve to
know why hes wrongin detail.
Trump has embraced an America irst foreign policy, but that wont make America great
again. This countrys exceptionalism is not
based just on its military and wealth, as Trump
would have it. The U.S. remains a nation
and an ideaworth
emulating. It has set
An America
a standard of freeirst
dom and opportunity
approach
against which people
wont make
everywhere measure
America
their own governgreatagain
ments. The U.S. idea
of citizenship is based
on allegiance rather than tribe, drawing people
from around the world. These are the choices
and values that make America great.
But what if the America that others emulate becomes Trumps small-minded, selfinterested version? What would that mean
for the future of Europes union or eforts to
contain wildires in the Middle East or coordinate foreign and trade policy in Africa
and Latin America? Can Americans remain
safe in a volatile world on their own?
Trump lives in a zero-sum world in which
Chinas leaders have drained so much
money out of our country that theyve rebuilt
China. He divides the world into winners
and losers, good and evil, workers and freeloaders, us and them.
Thats hardly an exceptional idea.
But its not enough
to dismiss Trump
and his foreign policy
views. The questions
he raises and the resentments they engender must be answered, clearly and
conidently, or they
will fester. And thats
a risk that the U.S.
and the world just
cant aford.

An effigy of Trump is
set on fire in Mexico
City on March 26

P O L I T I C S , H E A LT H , E N V I R O N M E N T: G E T T Y I M A G E S; T R U M P : Y U R I C O R T E Z A F P/G E T T Y I M A G E S; S H A N D L I N G : A L A N S I N G E R N B C/G E T T Y I M A G E S; H A R R I S O N : P O L A R I S

Milestones
DIED
Mother Mary Angelica,
92, nun who founded
the 24-hour Catholic TV
station Eternal Word
Television Network
(EWTN), one of the worlds
largest religious media
outlets. TIME described
her as arguably the most
influential Roman Catholic
woman in America in a
1995 profile.

DIED

Jim Harrison
Legends of the Fall
author
By Mario Batali

PERFORMED
The first successful kidney
and liver transplants in the
U.S. from an HIV-positive
donor to HIV-positive
recipients. The surgeries
at Johns Hopkins followed
similar procedures in
South Africa.
CONVICTED
By a U.N. tribunal at the
Hague, former Bosnian
Serb leader Radovan
Karadzic, for genocide,
war crimes and crimes
against humanity in
Srebrenica and Sarajevo in
the 1990s. Karadzic, 70,
was sentenced to 40 years
in prison.
REACHED
A tentative deal to
make California the irst
state with a $15 hourly
minimum wage. The
increase would take
effect over six years and
mark a turning point in
the campaign for a higher
minimum wage across
the country.
AWARDED
The 2016 Library of
Congress Prize for
American Fiction, to
Marilynne Robinson,
whose novel Gilead won
the 2005 Pulitzer Prize.
DENIED
By the U.S. Supreme
Court, former Illinois
governor Rod
Blagojevichs appeal of
his 2011 conviction for
trying to sell the U.S.
Senate seat vacated by
Barack Obama.

Shandling died March 24 at 66

DIED

Garry Shandling
Sensei of true comedy
By Jefrey Tambor

IM THINKING OF GARRY AS I WRITE THIS.

He would urge me to keep it simple. So here goes:
There was a time before I met Garry, when I was
watching Its Garry Shandlings Show, he looked
straight into the camera and said, O.K., theyre
gonna play my theme song and Im going to the
bathroom. Ill be right back. I remember thinking, What the hell is that? Whatever it is, thats what
comedy really is. Garry was all about being alive and
in the moment. He asked you to bring everything
about your day into the work, to go beyond the
laugh to reveal character and humanity. I once saw
his script for The Larry Sanders Showit looked like
Coleridges marginalia. Garry got deeply involved
in other peoples lives, for no other purpose than to
help. He was a teacherI cant stress that enough. I
am and will be forever grateful.

JIM HARRISONS WRITING IS MY

bible. I had read almost everything he wrote even before I met
him almost 20 years ago. His writing captures the very whisper of
the wind, the delicate movement
of the birch in the morning rain,
the screeching cry of the lonely
loon over the dark lake. When I
read his prose I am with him on a
long walk in the brambles behind
his home, thinking about lunch
and paying careful attention to
the truth of our sweet planet.
He published The Road Home,
his 1998 novel that brought back
his famous character Dalva and
her Nebraska family, at around
the same time I opened Babbo.
He left a copy for me at the
restaurant, even though wed
never met. After that, we became
forever friends.
We met up two or three times
a year in New York City or on the
road. There was a big dinner for
him at Del Posto when he was inducted into the Academy of Arts
and Letters. There were hunting
trips, and there were gourmet and
gastronomic delights. His enthusiasm never tired. He was, quite
simply, the most fascinating
and most fascinatedperson
I have ever met.
Batali is a chef and restaurateur

Harrison
died
March 26
at 78

Tambor is the Emmy-winning star of Transparent. He appeared in

Shandlings The Larry Sanders Show for six seasons.

11

TheBrief Sports
SCOTTIE
PIPPEN, forward
19.4 POINTS/GAME

KLAY
THOMPSON, guard
22.6 POINTS/GAME

30.0

LUC
LONGLEY, center
5.1 REBOUNDS/GAME

30.4

STEPHEN
CURRY, guard

POINTS PER GAME

(LEAGUE LEADER)

DENNIS
RODMAN, forward
14.9 REBOUNDS/GAME

ANDREW
BOGUT, center
7.0 REBOUNDS/GAME

POINTS PER GAME

(LEAGUE LEADER)

MICHAEL
JORDAN, guard

DRAYMOND
GREEN, forward
7.5 ASSISTS/GAME

RON HARPER, guard

1.3 STEALS/GAME

HARRISON
BARNES, forward
4.8 REBOUNDS/GAME

And the greatest

NBA team of all
time is ...

POINTS
PER
GAME

105
93

TA
KE

S
TER
OIN
3-P
RE
WE

EFFECTIVE
FIELD-GOAL PCT.

Longest
winning
streak

20
N

4TH IN
LEAGUE

Win
Loss
OT

52%

2-G A M E S EA S

18

+12
DIFFERENCE

POINTS
ALLOWED
PER GAME

6TH IN
LEAGUE

OPPONENTS EFFECTIVE
FIELD-GOAL PCT.
DEFENSE

12

TIME April 11, 2016

TIME GRAPHIC BY
LON TWEETEN
TEXT BY SEAN GREGORY

BULLS

Golden State
Warriors

NG

GH

74 G

A M E S, 8 R

EM

AI N

Stephen Curry and his merry band

have blitzed through the NBA this
season, shattering records and
threatening the Bulls season-wins
mark. So who would come out on
top? The Bulls were lockdown
defenders, but Curry has proven
he can rainbow threes over anyonea key skill in a league that
increasingly relies on perimeter
shooting. The Warriors play faster
and lashier than the Bulls, and
theyre even more fun to watch.
Advantage: Warriors. In seven.

ERS
INT
-PO
3
RE
NA
KE

6%

56%

1ST IN
LEAGUE

EFFECTIVE
FIELD-GOAL PCT.

+11
DIFFERENCE

Longest
winning
streak

OFFENSE

115
104

POINTS
PER
GAME

POINTS
ALLOWED
PER GAME

24

48%
OPPONENTS EFFECTIVE
FIELD-GOAL PCT.

WARRIORS

SEASON START

DEFENSE
EFFECTIVE FIELD-GOAL PERCENTAGE
GIVES MORE WEIGHT TO 3-POINT SHOTS
SOURCE: BASKETBALL-REFERENCE.COM

TIED FOR
2ND IN
LEAGUE

G E T T Y I M A G E S (10)

48%

W
OU

OF
ALL
SH
OT
S

LL 8

ON

201516

67 7
R

Michael Jordans Bulls squad set

the record for most wins in a season en route to their irst of three
consecutive titles. They featured
the best player ever along with
the versatile Scottie Pippen and
rebounding machine Dennis
RodmanHall of Famers all. And
for long-range shooting of the
bench, Chicago called on Steve
Kerr, now the Warriors coach.
In a dream matchup between
the NBAs greatest teams, how
would Kerr stop himself?

TH

FU

TA

72 10

Chicago
Bulls

OFFENSE

82
81
80
79
78
77
76
75
74
73
72
71
70
69
68
67
66
65
64
63
62
61
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
50
49
48
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

OF
ALL
SH
OT
S

199596

GAME
NUMBER
WARRIORS
BULLS

the exceptional lustre, texture and comfort of pure silk at a

special introductory price $29.95

regularly $69.50-$74.50

ivory

dark magenta

camel

ocean blue

salmon

black

pure silk, a smart choice.

Versatile and comfortable any season. Perfect for travel.
It doesnt stretch or wrinkle. And, a guaranteed perfect t.
mock

your size

your style

regular: S,M,L,XL,XXL,3XL
tall: XLT,XXLT

short sleeve mock or polo

6 colors
promo code S6MSTA

order now

800-309-6000

or

paulfredrick.com/puresilk

new customer offer. limit four sweaters. imported. shipping extra. not combinable with other offers. free exchanges.
expires 5/31/16.

LightBox

16

TIME April 11, 2016

LAHORE

A bloody Easter
Sunday brings
Pakistans terror
threat home
FOR THE CHRISTIAN COMMUNITY IN
Pakistans second largest city, Lahore,
Easter Sunday was supposed to be
special. After attending church services, families gathered in the vast
Gulshan-e-Iqbal park. Then the suicide bomber struck, having made his
way to a nearby childrens swing set.
At least 72 people were killed
and more than 300 injured in Pakistans largest terrorist attack since
late 2014, when 145 people died in a
massacre at a Peshawar school. And
though Lahores oppressed Christian
community was the target, most of
those killed were Muslim. That didnt
concern the militant Islamist group
Jamaat-ul-Ahrar, a vicious ofshoot of
the Pakistani Taliban, which claimed
responsibility. A spokesperson for the
group, which sees all non-Muslims
as potential targets, said the bomb
was calculated to show that it still retained the ability to strike deep into
Pakistans heartlandparticularly
Lahore, the political base of Prime
Minister Nawaz Sharif.
For terrorist groups like Jamaatul-Ahrar, which has cells throughout
the province around Lahore, attacks
like the Easter Sunday bombing
are far easier to mount than strikes
against the troops ighting militants in Pakistans tribal areas. They
are aware that Pakistans Christian
community enjoys little protection.
This is the softest of soft targets,
says Ali Dayan Hasan, the former
Pakistan director for Human Rights
Watch. And the death toll, tragically,
showed it. OMAR WARAICH
On March 28, women try to comfort a
mother who lost her son in the bomb
attack in Lahore, Pakistan
PHOTOGR APH BY K.M. CHAUDARYAP

For more of our best photography,

visit lightbox.time.com

17

The sport that

kept her active

The razor that took her hair

The show that made her a star

The letters that gave her hope

The bandana that covered her head

The family that stood by her side

PICK UP A COPY IN STORES OR SUBSCRIBE AT PEOPLE.COM

THINGS ARE AN INEXTRICABLE PART OF WHAT MAKES US HUMAN. PAGE 20

Since mobilizing against an Indiana law last year, businesses have increasingly defended LGBT rights

NATION

Why more
companies
are coming
out of the
political
closet
I L L U S T R AT I O N B Y M A R T I N G E E F O R T I M E

By Katy Steinmetz

EARLIER THIS YEAR, AS LGBT

advocacy groups geared up to ight
a religious-freedom bill in Georgia,
some of the nations most powerful
executives were rallying behind the
scenes. By late March, after the measure passed Georgias legislature,
Coca-Cola, Delta Airlines, Disney and
nearly 500 other companies big and
smallas well as major sports organizations like the NFL and NCAA
were warning of consequences should
Republican Governor Nathan Deal
sign the measure. There was such
a swelling of voices and breadth of
industry, says Atlanta city-council
member Alex Wan. It became impossible to ignore.
When Deal did veto the bill on
March 28, he criticized companies that resorted to threats like

relocating jobs or canceling conferences, ilm shoots and sporting events.

But he acknowledged that providing
a business-friendly climate was part
of his calculus. And how could it not
be? After Indiana passed a similar law
last yearwhich arguably provided
legal cover for individuals or businesses with moral objections to deny
service to LGBT peopleIndianapolis
lost an estimated $60 million in economic activity and was pilloried by
businesses from Apple to NASCAR.
Spurred by a desire to attract
younger, more diverse employees and
cater to a new generation of consumers
who expect brands to relect their values, corporations accustomed to lobbying quietly are increasingly taking public stances on social and political issues
they wouldnt have touched in the past.
19

TheView

That traditionally has not been part of business,

says Salesforce CEO Mark Beniof, who heads a
cloud computing company with 20,000 employees.
But, he adds, it is part of the new reality.
In this new reality, Facebook CEO Mark
Zuckerberg not only forms an advocacy group
to change immigration laws but also announces
that his new daughter has been vaccinated. Target
publicizes its move toward gender-neutral toys.
And Cheerios, after sparking racist backlash for
featuring an interracial family in a commercial,
doubles down by using the same family in another
ad. You expect businesses to be speaking out on
taxes and regulations, says political strategist
Doug Hattaway, a former aide to Al Gore and Hillary Clinton. But more and more businesses these
days are values-driven, not just proit-driven.
The rationale is not all selless: those values
can help drive proits. In a global survey of some
10,000 adults by Havas Worldwide, 68% of the respondents said they believe that businesses bear
as much responsibility as governments for driving
positive social change. People want to buy things
from companies whose values they share, and
many young employees feel the same way about
the places they choose to work. There is this pressure to be relevant and share a point of view that
is bigger than We sell this product, says Rohit
Bhargava, a marketing lecturer at Georgetown.
With any public stance, businesses risk alienating workers, investors and consumers. But at least
on the matter of LGBT rights, the likelihood of
a backlash is shrinking. Some 60% of Americans
support same-sex marriage, double the percentage that did in the 90s. Employers now vie for top
scores on the Human Rights Campaigns corporate
equality rankings, recognizing their value as a recruiting tool. In North Carolina, where Republican
Governor Pat McCrory signed a bill invalidating
local nondiscrimination protections for LGBT people less than a week before Deal rejected Georgias
measure, Charlotte-based Bank of America has
been vocal in its opposition. And in South Dakota,
Citibank and Wells Fargo were among the irms
that pressured the Republican governor to veto
another bill seen as anti-LGBT in early March.
Even if you agree with these stances, the
growing displays of corporate conscience raise
questions about the role of businesses in shaping
public policy. But barring a groundswell of weary
consumers who decide they just want the product
without the homily, thank you very much, dont
expect that to change anytime soon. C-suiters may
not be trained for the stump, but some of them
are starting to sound an awful lot like politicians.
This is about being an American, Beniof says of
his public stand. This is what America is about
today.

20

TIME April 11, 2016

BOOK IN BRIEF
VERBATIM

Thats whats
beautiful
about Game of
Thronesits
depiction of
women in so
many different
stages of
development.
EMILIA CLARKE,

actor, dismissing critics

who say the hit HBO
serieswhich features
many prominent female
characters, including
hersis antifeminist
because it portrays
excessive violence
against women

The real cost of our

obsession with stuf
HUMANITY HAS A STUFF PROBLEM.
Even in frugal Germany, the average
person owns 10,000 objects, and as a
whole, our trash has clogged the oceans
surfaces with 18,000 pieces of plastic
per square kilometer. But in his new
book, Empire of Things,
which chronicles the
history of material
culture, Frank
Trentmann suggests
we cant reverse course
without acknowledging
how emotionally
attached weve become
to our possessions.
Six centuries ago,
the average person owned limited,
utilitarian goods. Now, with the modern
markets cheap prices and abundance of
choice, more people can (and do) make
personal statements about their identity
through cars, clothes and kitchenware
and they change those statements often.
In this sense, things are an inextricable
part of what makes us human,
Trentmann writes. But to protect our
planetand ourselveshe concludes
that we need to better appreciate the
pleasures [that come] from a deeper
and longer-lasting connection to fewer
things. SARAH BEGLEY

CHARTOON

Abridged classics

J O H N AT K I N S O N , W R O N G H A N D S

 For more on these ideas, visit time.com/ideas

BIG IDEA

The invisible train

Most new technology aims to stand out. Not so with these Japanese train cars, designed by
architect Kazuyo Sejima to blend seamlessly into their surroundings as they zoom from Tokyo
to mountainous Chichibu, among other destinations. The key: a relective aluminum coating
meant to help them express a gentleness and softness rather than the usual sharpness of
industrial machinery, per an announcement from Seibu Railway. The company plans to debut the
new cars on trains in 2018, in honor of its 100th anniversary. Julie Shapiro

HOW TO

PARENT
LIKE A
DIPLOMAT
Donna Gorman, a
mom and the author
of Am I Going to Starve
to Death?: A Survival
Guide for the Foreign
Service Spouse, moves
to a new country
every few years for
her husbands job
with the Department
of State. Heres what
she has learned about
parenting.
1
GET OFF YOUR
PEDESTAL
As a diplomat,
learning the ways of a
new place, youll look
like a fool on a regular
basis. Your children will
know you seldom have
the right answers. Im
hoping that watching
me struggle will teach
them that its O.K.
not to have all the
answers in lifeits the
willingness to search
for answers that
counts.
2

QUICK TAKE

Apple vs. the FBI: Heres who really lost

CL ARKE: AP; TR AIN: SEIBU GROUP

By Lev Grossman
ONE OF THE MORE COMPELLING
institutional cage matches in the past few
years, Apple vs. the FBI, ended in anticlimax
March 28. The FBI had been asking for Apples help in accessing data on an iPhone belonging to one of the San Bernardino terrorists. Apple had been asking the FBI to kindly
back the hell up, because it felt (with some
justiication) that developing a tool to get
into one iPhone would compromise the security of all iPhones. The situation was supposed to come to a boil in court March 22 but
didnt because the FBI announced that it was
working with an outside irm to get into the
phone without Apples help. The agency announced that it had inally succeeded, and
nixed the suit.
Its hard to call this one for either side. The

FBI got its data, whatever it waswe still dont

know. Apple got to stick to its principles
outlined by CEO Tim Cook in a recent TIME
cover story. Apple wouldve liked to take the
issue to Congress to clarify the legal landscape; it didnt get that. The FBI didnt get to
set the legal precedents it sought either.
The Justice Department made it clear, in
a statement, that this isnt over, that this was
just Round 1, and that the next time it gets
stuck with a phone full of evidence, itll be
right back on Apples doorstep. Apple made
it clear in a statement that its position remained unchanged. Terrorists worldwide declined to issue a statement, but they were undoubtedly watching this all unfold. Hopefully
they feel a little less safe, so at least we can
agree on who lost.

LEARN TO FLY SOLO

When my husband
was given a yearlong
assignment in Iraq,
I stayed in Jordan
with four kids and
tried to work full time,
cook dinner and help
the kids with their
homework. Now a
weeklong business trip
means nothing more
than a few cheat meals
and less laundry.
3
RECALIBRATE RISK
The more risks we
take as a family, the
bigger the adventures
were going to have.
Belinda Luscombe

TheView American Genius

The Fetch robot picks items off

warehouse shelves, while the
Freight robot carries them to
human workers for packaging
TECHNOLOGY

Grappling with the right

role for robots at work
By Alex Fitzpatrick
THERE ARE TWO SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT REgarding the coming impact of robots on workers:
there are those who warn they will destroy jobs
and those who hope new technology will boost the
productivity of workers without replacing them.
Melonee Wise is one of the optimists. The
34-year-old CEO of San Jose, Calif.based Fetch
Robotics is working on collaborative robotics,
using machines to do things humans cannot.
Once we start seeing more service robots like
we make, people will be like, These things are
really improving my life, she says.
Fetch, a nearly two-year-old startup, is developing robots for warehouses. One model,
called Freight, looks like a muscled version of
the loor-sweeping Roomba made by industry
leader iRobot. Freight carries a bin while following human workers as they pick items of
shelves, letting a machine do the lugging. Another device nicknamed Fetch is a more advanced robot with an arm that can grab items
and work with Freight. Fetch Robotics, which
isnt proitable yet but has raised $23 million in
venture funding, has sold a small number of devices to customers for testing.

22

TIME April 11, 2016

These ields are

among the most
affected by robotics
SHIPPING
Amazons Kiva robots
help the irm ill
orders by bringing
goods to human
workers
MILITARY
The U.S. Army has
used robots like
iRobots PackBot to
dispose of bombs
MEDICINE
Aetheons Tug robot
delivers supplies
like medicine and
fresh linens within
hospitals
HOSPITALITY
A new novelty hotel
in Japan is staffed
almost entirely by
robots

NOT EVERYBODY IS CONVINCED. Technology

is going to get to the point where its going to take
over a lot of the routine, predictable-type jobs in
the economy, says Martin Ford, author of The
Rise of the Robots: Technology and the Threat of
a Jobless Future. That is already happening at
checkout lines, tollbooths, parking lots and ticket
counters. Ford and others argue that the combination of robots and artiicial intelligence represents a diferent kind of revolutionone that
could eventually come for white collar professions. Thats a lot of jobs [at stake], he says.
Still, of the 10 private robotics irms that have
raised the most venture capital during the past
ive years, most focus on two ields that are irmly
in the augment-human-workers (not replacethem) camp: childrens toys and assistance for
surgeons. Maybe in 30 or 40 years we will have
50% of the jobs disappear, says J.P. Gownder,
vice president and principal analyst at research
irm Forrester. But I dont see it happening in
the next 10.

I L L U S T R AT I O N B Y B R O W N B I R D D E S I G N F O R T I M E

THE ROBOTICS INDUSTRY is entering an uncertain chapter. Last year eager investors poured a
record $587 million into startups trying to bring
robots to manufacturing plants, hospitals and
battleields, according to data irm CB Insights.
Much of the potential for a new wave of robots
has come from advancements in so-called machine learning, the software that bestows robots
with contextual intelligence. Some of that enthusiasm has been muted recently, however, as
the business of selling robots hit snags. iRobot
saw its stock fall more than 10% in a single

ROBOT
REVOLUTION

February day after it predicted weaker-thanexpected results for the coming year. In March,
the Wall Street Journal reported that Google parent company Alphabet is seeking to sell Boston
Dynamics, maker of a bipedal walking robot that
looks vaguely like the Terminator, because the
irms path to proitability is not clear.
Another looming question is robots role
in the workplace. Wise, a Chicago native who
holds a masters degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Illinois, argues
that Fetchs bots will help warehouse workers
avoid injury or strain, making them more productive in the long run. She compares robots to
PCs, which caused consternation but ultimately
boosted productivity as well as economic and
job growth. Everyone keeps trying to make a
distinction between a robot and a computer, but
theyre basically the same thing, says Wise. A
robot is a computer wrapped in plastic.

TheView Personal Finance

4

Everybody needs a
pension. Heres how to
build your own
By Dan Kadlec

1
Social Security
If possible, delay iling for beneits
until age 70 in order to
get the biggest monthly check

24

TIME April 11, 2016

high bar. But you should have at least

enough to cover ixed costs.
For most people, Social Security will
be the primary source of guaranteed
lifetime incomeand it is likely to leave
them with a shortfall. If possible, delay
iling for beneits until age 70 in order
to get the biggest monthly check. To
ill the income gap, consider buying an
immediate ixed annuity, which is an
insurance product that for a single large
premium may guarantee income for life.
With interest rates low, ixed annuities
do not ofer a great return. A 65-year-old
man would need $100,000 to buy $555
of monthly income. But its not about
the return, says Jonathan Swanburg, a
inancial planner with Tri-Star Advisors
in Houston. Whats important is that
you cant outlive it.
With your basic needs covered, you
can take some risk with remaining assets
and shoot for a higher return. Unless
you are wealthy, you probably will
have to draw down your savings over
timeand you should plan for 30 years.
A good strategy is withdrawing 4% of
savings the irst year and raising that for
inlation each subsequent year. If your
monthly income plus
4% of savings leaves you
short of your needs, you
2
may have to cut expenses
or work part time.
Fixed annuities
To manage your savSpend up to 25% of savings
on a ixed annuity to close
ings, consider a simple
the gap between your income bucket approach: keep
and ixed costs
three years worth of
spending in a moneymarket account and the rest in a mix of
60% stocks and 40% bonds, using funds
pegged to an index for low fees and diversiication. Spend from the moneymarket bucket and reill it annually by
selling from the bucket with stock and
bond funds. If you own your home, consider opening a reverse-mortgage line of
credit. By tapping home equity in this
way, you can reill the spending bucket
without selling assets if prices are down.
With traditional pensions all but
gone, one thing is certain: youll have to
make the most of every asset to get the
income you need.

I L L U S T R AT I O N B Y Q U I C K H O N E Y F O R T I M E

MILLIONS OF AMERICANS ARE BARRELing toward retirement with a small nest

egg and a big question: Where will I ind
enough monthly income to sustain me
when I stop working? This predicament
has been three decades in the making.
But only now is it coming into full view,
as what may be the largest wave yet of
pensionless workers gets ready to retire.
Its no secret that since the 1980s,
traditional pensions, which pay a guaranteed monthly income for life, have
been swapped out for
3
401(k) plans, which
Bucket plan
are tax-advantaged
Keep three years worth
savings that can run
of spending in a moneyout in a blink. Now
market account and the
only 14% of workers
rest in a mix of stocks and
have a traditional pen- bonds, reilling the former
from the latter annually
sion, down from 38%
in 1979, the Employee
Beneit Research Institute reports.
This switch has left millions to
contemplate three decades of retirement
with no guarantee that their money will
last. People will have Social Security.
But that will not be enough to live the
way most expect to. Financial planners
agree that the irst thing prospective
retirees must do is create an income
planin efect, build their own pension.
There are many choices, and you cant
expect to perfectly replicate a traditional
pension. Most people will have to
accept an income stream that varies,
says B. Kelly Graves, a inancial planner
at Carroll Financial in Charlotte, N.C.
First, assess your ixed expenses
things like housing, utilities, taxes and
insurance. Then add discretionary
expensestravel, entertainment, charitable giving, spending on grandkids.
Ideally, you will have enough guaranteed income to cover all this. Thats a

Tap into your home

If you own your home,
consider opening a reversemortgage line of credit,
which can be a hedge
against low stock returns

CARPE DIEM.
BUT TO GET THOSE
TAX BENEFITS, MAKE IT

THIS DIEM.
The good news? You still have time to open and fund an IRA and score potential
2015 tax benefits before April 18th.
The other good news? It only takes 15 minutes to open, and our retirement
consultants are standing by to answer any questions. Plus, we have the tools
and independent research you need to help choose investments right for you.
The best returns arent just measured in dollars.

Get up to $600 when you open and fund a new account.

Call 877-tdameritrade or visit tdameritrade.com/ira

Nation

Comey, at a press
conference in
June 2014, has
tackled terrorism,
encryption and
Apple since taking
over the FBI
PHOTOGR APH BY MELISSA GOLDEN

the

G-MAN,
the

EMAILS
and

HILLARY
What FBI Director
James Comeys
investigation
reveals about
Hillary Clintons
emails could
change the course
of the election
By Massimo
Calabresi

LATE LAST SUMMER, THE DIRECTOR OF

the Federal Bureau of Investigation,
James Comey, met with John Giacalone,
the bureau oicial responsible for everything from counterterrorism to counterintelligence across the U.S. Giacalone,
a ireplug of a man who started out as a
New York City ield agent battling organized crime in the 1990s, wanted to
brief Comey on a high-proile issue that
had been referred to the bureau by the Inspector General of the Intelligence Community. Emails found on the private, unclassiied server used by Hillary Clinton
as Secretary of State contained classiied
information; Giacalones National Security Branch wanted to investigate how the
secrets got there and whether anyone had
committed a crime in the process. Comey
was clear about one thing. He wanted to
make sure it was treated the same way as
all other cases, says Giacalone, who left
the bureau in February.
Seven months later, 20 to 30 agents,
technical specialists and analysts have
been assigned to the investigation, according to sources familiar with it. The
agents have conducted interviews and
done forensic analysis of the evidence
collected. And they have executed process, the sources say, referring to a category of investigative tools that can include, among other things, subpoenas.
As they near the end of the investigation, the agents are preparing to interview several of Clintons closest aides, and
perhaps the candidate herself, according
to the sources, a move Clinton campaign

oicials say she will comply with. Attorney General Loretta Lynch told Congress
on Feb. 24 that she is awaiting a recommendation from Comey and the FBI on
whether anyone should be charged.
Many Americans have come to know
Comey, 55, as the face of the FBI in its ight
with Apple over access to the encrypted
iPhone used by one of the ISIS followers
who killed 14 people in San Bernardino,
Calif., on Dec. 2. After the Justice Department sued Apple for access to the contents of the phone, Comey spoke about
the dangers of the companys resistance
and its widespread use of encryption.
Apple CEO Tim Cook pushed back hard,
saying in an interview with TIME that the
FBIs request could wind up putting millions of customers at risk. Then, just a
day before a key hearing on March 22,
the bureau backed down. A week later,
it announced it had gained access to the
phone through an unidentiied third party
and no longer needed Apples help. The
bureau has since dropped the case, but
the episode is a reminder of the deepening complexity of law enforcement in a
digital age.
Compared with solving the Apple puzzle, the case of the Clinton emails looks
on the surface like a straight-up job, the
kind of leak investigation the bureau
undertakes several times a year. But these
are not straight-up times. Clinton is the
front runner for the Democratic nomination. Some 67% of Americans already say
she is neither honest nor trustworthy, according to a February poll by Quinnipiac

A CAREER FIGHTING CRIME

EVERY MORNING at 7:30 when Comey

arrives for work at the bureaus ugly and
brooding concrete headquarters on Pennsylvania Avenue, the name over the door

2001
Charges 14 for
1996 bombing
in Saudi Arabia
that killed 19
U.S. servicemen

Comey planned to be a doctor, but a religion

course at William and Mary steered him to
the University of Chicago Law School and an
eventual career as a federal prosecutor, in
which he tried and oversaw high-proile cases.

1995

2003
Indicts
Martha
Stewart

2000

1996
Republican
deputy special
counsel on
the Senate
Whitewater
Committee

28

University. That impression is bolstered

by the steps she and her aides took that
kept even her routine State Department
emails beyond the reach of normal federal record-keeping procedures, an efort
made clear in emails released in the wake
of lawsuits brought under the Freedom of
Information Act over the past 18 months.
If FBI agents take steps that suggest Clinton is personally under suspicion, it could
change the course of the campaign.
Comey is keeping a close watch on the
investigation, getting brieings from team
leaders and personally overseeing the
case. Agents have been told they may be
polygraphed to prevent leaks, the sources
familiar with the probe say. I want to ensure [the Clinton email investigation] is
done in the ways the FBI does all its work:
professionally, with integrity, promptly,
Comey told Congress in February. And
without any interference whatsoever.
When the agents have run down all
their leads, the sources say, Comey will
present the evidence to Lynch, along with
his assessment of what it shows. Some
Republicans are referring to his recommendation as the Comey primary in the
hopes it will sway the election their way.
That may be wishful thinking, but one
thing is clear: Comey has spent much of
his career investigating and occasionally
confronting high-proile public igures.

TIME April 11, 2016

Comey,
far left,
during the
Whitewater
investigation

2005
2002
Investigates
Clinton
pardon of
Marc Rich

2003
Appoints Patrick
Fitzgerald to probe
the Bush White
House leak of
CIA oficer Valerie
Plames identity

P R E V I O U S PA G E S : R E D U X ; T H E S E PA G E S : A P (4) ; G E T T Y I M A G E S (4) ; Z U M A

serves as a reminder that the FBI has

sometimes played by its own rules. The
bureaus irst leader, J. Edgar Hoover, for
whom the building is named, spied on
everyone from Cabinet oicials to political dissidents and even tried to blackmail
Martin Luther King Jr., whom he viewed
as a national-security threat. Mindful of
that history, Presidents have more recently chosen FBI directors with a puritanical devotion to political independence. Louis Freeh and Robert Mueller
were obsessively upright former prosecutors. Freeh viewed himself as a scourge
of politicized justice, real or imagined;
Mueller, a former Marine, ruled the FBI
with an iron ist as he remade it after 9/11.
Both came into conlict with the Presidents who had appointed them.
Comey too comes from the world of
federal prosecutors and projects the same
air of rectitude that Freeh and Mueller
do. Growing up in New Jersey, he had
planned on being a doctor, but after taking a course on death at the College of
William and Mary, he ended up graduating with a double major in chemistry
and religion. He met his wife of 28 years
there (they have ive children), then went
on to law school at the University of Chicago and clerked on the federal appeals
court in lower Manhattan. In 1987, Rudy
Giuliani hired him as an attorney in the
powerful prosecutors oice of the Southern District of New York.
It was in the 1990s that Comey got his
irst experience navigating the treacherous conluence of law and politics. Look-

2004
Briely blocks
NSA Stellar
Wind program

Comey once said

prosecutors who
had perfect records
because they took
only easy cases
were part of the
chickensh-t club
ing to get back into government after a
stint in private practice, Comey signed
on as deputy special counsel to the Senate Whitewater Committee, impaneled to look into, among other things, a
minor Clinton real estate deal gone bad.
In 1996, after months of work, Comey
came to some damning conclusions:
Hillary Clinton was personally involved
in mishandling documents and had ordered others to block investigators as they
pursued their case. Worse, her behavior
it into a pattern of concealment: she and
her husband had tried to hide their roles
in two other matters under investigation
by law enforcement. Taken together, the
interference by White House oicials,
which included destruction of documents, amounted to far more than just
aggressive lawyering or political naivet,
Comey and his fellow investigators concluded. It constituted a highly improper
pattern of deliberate misconduct.
It wasnt the last time he would cross
paths with the Clintons. Comey parlayed

Comey worked
as deputy to
Attorney General
John Ashcroft
during the Bush
Administration

2013
Picked by
Obama to
be seventh
FBI director

2010
2005
Leaves government
to become
general counsel at
Lockheed Martin

the Whitewater job into top posts in Virginia and New York, returning to Manhattan in 2002 to be the top federal prosecutor there. One of his irst cases 15 years
earlier had been the successful prosecution of Marc Rich, a wealthy international
inancier. But on his last day as President
in 2001, Bill Clinton pardoned Rich. I
was stunned, Comey later told Congress. As top U.S. prosecutor in New York
in 2002, appointed by George W. Bush,
Comey inherited the criminal probe into
the Rich pardon and 175 others Clinton
had made at the 11th hour.
Despite evidence that several pardon
recipients, including Rich, had connections to donations to Bill Clintons presidential library and Hillary Clintons 2000
Senate campaign, Comey found no criminal wrongdoing. He was careful not to let
the investigation be used for political purposes by either party. When pressed for
details in one case, he said, I cant really
go into it because it was an investigation
that didnt result in charges. That may be
a frustrating answer, but thats the one
Im compelled to give.
Comeys probity didnt prevent him
from taking on other high-proile cases.
He once said prosecutors who amassed
perfect records at trial by taking only easy,
noncontroversial cases were members of
the chickensh-t club, according to several assistant U.S. Attorneys who worked
for him. Comey showed he meant it in
2003, when he led the case against Martha Stewart for making false statements
during an insider-trading investigation.

2016
Fights
Apple over
access to
iPhone 5c

2015
2010
Joins
Bridgewater
hedge fund
as general
counsel

29

30

TIME April 11, 2016

Clinton testiied about her private

email arrangement before the
House Select Committee on
Benghazi last October
Days later, after Comey, Mueller and
other top Justice Department oicials
threatened to resign if Bush ordered the
NSA to continue using Stellar Wind without the departments approval, Bush altered the secret program to comply with
their legal requirements. Comey was miraculously great, says Harvard law professor Jack Goldsmith, who was one of a
handful of witnesses to the hospital scene
as a top Justice Department lawyer.
COMEYS STAND against Gonzales didnt
end there, and its fallout has implications
for the current Clinton email case. In May
2007, Comey had left government, and
Gonzales, who had replaced Ashcroft atop
the Justice Department, was clinging to his
job amid unrelated scandals. Comey surprised the top Democratic stafer on the
Senate Judiciary Committee by agreeing
to make public the details of the hospitalroom encounter for the irst time in compelling open testimony. The hearing was
designed to force Gonzales out, and ultimately it worked. Comeys testimony led
to the discovery by White House lawyers
that Gonzales had improperly stored

classiied notes on Stellar Wind, which

in turn led to his resignation that August,
according to top Bush White House oicials. Comey and Gonzales both declined
to comment on the matter.
Comeys testimony enraged hardliners but earned him unrivaled respect
in Congress and at Justice, where top oficials have long understood the challenge
of remaining independent of political inluence. Comeys most important supporter turned out to be President Obamas
irst Attorney General, Eric Holder.
Comey had bluntly criticized Holder for
approving the Marc Rich pardon as acting Attorney General on Clintons last day
in oice, calling it a huge misjudgment.
But Comey told Congress that Holder had
paid for the error dearly in reputation.
When Mueller stepped down in 2013,
Holder recommended Comey, a Republican, as one of two candidates to take
over the FBI.
In his early days as FBI boss, top aides
say, Comey thought terrorism might be
a fading problem. Osama bin Laden was
dead, al-Qaedas core had been severely
weakened, and ISIS was little more than
a band of fanatics operating in the nomans-land between Syria and Iraq. But
after the terrorist groups surge toward
Baghdad in the irst half of 2014, Obama
approved air strikes against it. Within
weeks, the group began beheading American captives, and a leading ISIS igure,

E VA N V U C C I A P

He won a conviction on all counts thanks

to the testimony of one witness, but it was
a close call. Comey later said he had almost not taken the case but chose to risk
it because he thought that his hesitation
was due to Stewarts being rich and famous, and [that] it shouldnt be that way.
Clearing Clinton in the pardons case
didnt hurt Comey with Bush. In 2003,
Bush promoted him to be Attorney General John Ashcrofts No. 2. GOP hard-liners
would quickly come to rue the pick. Filling in for Ashcroft, who recused himself
from the case, Comey appointed his old
partner in New York Mob prosecutions,
Patrick Fitzgerald, to look into the leak of
the identity of CIA oicer Valerie Plame,
a case that would ultimately snare Vice
President Dick Cheneys chief of staf
Scooter Libby and damage the White
House in the aftermath of the Iraq War.
Comeys most dramatic moment came
in a 2004 confrontation with Bushs
White House counsel, Alberto Gonzales.
The Justice Department had concluded
that part of the National Security Agencys Stellar Wind program of blanket
telephone-metadata collection was illegal. Comey, who was running the department after Ashcroft went on leave with
a sudden illness, refused to recertify the
legality of the program when it expired
in March 2004, though West Wing hardliners led by Cheney were pushing hard
for it. Late on the evening of March 10,
Comey heard that Gonzales was on his
way to George Washington Hospital in
Foggy Bottom to try to get the bedridden
Ashcroft to sign an authorization for Stellar Wind instead. Comey ordered his FBI
driver to speed him to the hospital, lights
lashing, in an attempt to prevent it.
Comey arrived minutes before Gonzales, and after pushing his 6-ft. 8-in.
frame up several lights of stairs, briefed
the semiconscious Ashcroft on what
was about to happen. With the help of
then FBI Director Mueller, Comey assumed authority over the security detail in the room. Others present worried
there might be an armed confrontation
between those agents and Gonzales Secret Service detail if Gonzales attempted
to have Comey removed from the room.
But when Gonzales arrived and asked
Ashcroft to authorize Stellar Wind, Ashcroft rebufed him, telling him Comey was
in charge. Gonzales left empty-handed.

Abu Muhammad al-Adnani, posted an

English-language call to arms for followers to attack Americans around the world.
Within months, FBI agents reported a
spike in the number of possible ISIS followers in the U.S.
Comey responded with more agents
and an increased emphasis on intelligence
collection. In 2015, the bureau saw only a
slight increase in the overall number of arrests of those supporting terrorists in the
U.S. but a ivefold increase in the number
of those arrested who followed ISIS. This
ISIL threat is not your parents al-Qaeda,
Comey told House members on Feb. 25.
He says terrorists no longer hatch plots in
faraway places but rather crowdsource
terrorism by inspiring and motivating domestic supporters like the couple behind
the San Bernardino attack.
That event merged with the second
big challenge of his tenure: the danger of
criminals and terrorists going dark as
encryption becomes more widely used.
Comey says the use of encrypted smartphones means his agents cant collect evidence to prosecute and prevent crimes
and terrorist attacks, even when they
have a court warrant. Comey, who uses a
government-issued phone for work and
has an iPhone for personal use, told the
House in February, These phones are
wonderful. I love them. But he argued
two days earlier that there are increasing
situations where we cannot, with lawful
court orders, read the communications of
terrorists, gangbangers, pedophilesall
diferent kinds of bad people.
This concern drove Comeys highestproile moment so far in his job atop the
FBI. Within hours of the San Bernardino
attack, agents recovered the governmentissued iPhone 5c of shooter Syed Farook.
After getting a court-ordered warrant, the
FBI took the phone to its Regional Computer Forensic Laboratory and, with the
help of Apple, gained access to information stored in the phones server-based account. But when the agents tried to access
the phones internal records, they couldnt
get past the four-digit pass code, which
was set to wipe the phones memory after
more than 10 failed tries. When Apple refused to create software to circumvent
that feature, Comey approved taking the
company to court. On March 28 the Justice Department announced it did not
need Apple to crack the phone after all.

FOR NOW, Comeys power to access every

Apple phone in the world remains hypothetical; the potential efect of the Clinton email probe on the presidential election is very real. The State Department
has said that 22 of the documents on
Clintons private server contained information classiied at the highest level, top
secret. Those documents were based on
intelligence generated not by State but
by other agencies like the CIA and NSA.
Because those secrets tend to come from
some of the governments most sensitive sources, such as human spies or expensive satellites, they are protected by
special penalties under the Espionage
Act, which provides for up to 10 years in
prison for some violations.
But none of the classiied documents
found on Clintons server was marked
classiied when it was sent or received.
And the standard for conviction in a leak
case is high: the suspect must knowingly
store the secrets improperly or show gross
negligence in their handling. In most
cases, Clintons close aides received documents from others in the department and
passed them along to their boss. To igure out if anyone acted knowingly or with
gross negligence, agents have conducted
interviews. The Justice Department has
reached an immunity agreement with the
aide who set up Clintons server.
There is always a chance that agents
poring over Clintons 50,000 pages of
emails could come across something unrelated that they think warrants a closer
look and the investigation could spread.
That is how the probe of a busted land
deal in 1994 led to the impeachment of
Bill Clinton four years later over lying
about an afair. While there have been
multiple reports of foreign companies
and countries making contributions to
Bill Clintons foundation or paying him

Comeys power to
access every Apple
phone in the world is
hypothetical; the
potential efect of
the Clinton probe on
the election is real

for speeches at the same time that they

had issues before the State Department,
it is far from clear that any of that would
be a violation of law, whatever some Republicans might hope. But the FBIs Domestic Investigations and Operations
Guide sets a very low bar for an initial
information-gathering efort known as
an assessment.
The classiication probe remained
an assessment for a time but is now an
investigation, according to the sources
familiar with it. The FBI will be looking not only at the handling of classiied information but also at the Clinton
teams response to the probe itself. Clinton erased 30,000 personal emails from
her private server before handing it over
to investigators. Republicans have repeatedly alleged, without proof, that in
the process she destroyed incriminating evidence about her handling of government matters, including the attack
by terrorists on the U.S. outpost in Benghazi, Libya.
Lawyers preparing Clinton and her
aides for possible interviews are well
aware that Comey has a history of prosecuting those who impede investigators.
Cheneys aide Libby was convicted not
of leaking Plames identity but of obstructing justice, as was Martha Stewart.
Comey had a front-row seat to Clintons
controversial handling of documents in
the Whitewater case. Ultimately the Senate committee he worked for two decades
ago found no criminal wrongdoing but issued a politically damaging report anyway. Clinton campaign oicial Brian Fallon says that the FBI has not requested
an interview with her yet and that she remains ready to cooperate with the probe.
She irst expressed her willingness to cooperate in any way possible last August,
says Fallon, and that included ofering
to meet with them and answer any questions they might have.
Comeys recommendation to Lynch,
when it comes, could include a description of the evidence; what laws, if any,
might have been violated; and how conident he is in the results of the probe, the
sources familiar with the investigation tell
TIME. What will come of the Comey primary? Says Giacalone: If the evidence is
there, its there. If it leads to something
inconclusive, or nothing, hes not going
to recommend iling charges.

31

ISSUES + 2016

After
decades of
consensus,
the value
of global
free trade
is being
contested by
the left and
the right.
What every
voter needs
to know
By Rana Foroohar

32

TIME April 11, 2016

Has free
trade
made us
better of?
Well, sort of.
Conversations about trade used to be so
simple as to not need verbs: free trade
good, tarifs bad. But the fallout from the
inancial crisis as well as the campaigns of
Bernie Sanders and Donald Trump have
reopened the debate around how trade
and globalization shape our economy. Is
it good, or bad, for America?
The answer depends on where youre
standing. Theres no doubt that globalization and free trade have increased
wealth at both global and national levels. According to the U.S. Council of Economic Advisers, the reduction of trade
barriers during the postWorld War II
period raised U.S. GDP alone by 7.3%. But
free trade can also increase the wealth divide within countries, in part by creating
concentrated groups of economic losers.
Free trade has made goods and services
cheaper for Americans, but it hasnt always helped labor markets, as advocates
often claim. Indeed, from 1990 to 2008,
almost no net new jobs were created in
the areas most exposed to foreign competition. Fixing that doesnt require turning
away from trade but rebalancing it.

China is losing jobs to

countries with low-cost labor

2010

2014

EXPORTS OF
LABOR-INTENSIVE GOODS,
BY SHARE OF
COUNTRIES
CHINA

LOW-COST
COUNTRIES

35%

25%

38%

Textiles
and
clothing

Leather

32%

29%

32%
16%

13%

Doesnt
trade
improve
labor
markets
in rich
countries?
Not always.

52%

20%

Footwear

45%

24%

NOTE: COUNTRIES WITH LOW-COST LABOR INCLUDE INDIA, BANGLADESH, TURKEY, VIETNAM, INDONESIA, PAKISTAN,
CAMBODIA, MEXICO, THAILAND, ROMANIA, SRI LANKA, BRAZIL AND POLAND; SOURCE: MCKINSEY & COMPANY

Is the global playing

field unfair?
Yes.

Everyone does not play by the same

rules. Countries such as the U.S. and
France have squabbled for years over
agricultural subsidies to farmers that
distort free trade. More recently, as
nations like China and Brazil that
practice difering versions of state
capitalism have entered the global
trading system, the playing ield has
gotten more uneven. The Chinese
economy, for example, has a number
of industries, like green energy, that
are protected by the state. National
players are explicitly supported over
foreign competitors. (No wonder
complaints lodged with the World Trade
Organizationthe closest thing the
world has to an economic refereehave
jumped in the past few years.)
Currency plays a role in the
imbalances in the system too. The U.S.
runs a trade deicit in part because of
the dollars role as the global reserve
currency. Meanwhile, the Chinese
currency has risen and fallen over the

years in ways sometimes designed to

advantage the country, though not
always to prop up exports: the recent
rise and fall of Chinas renminbi has less
to do with a trade war than it has with
Chinese investors desperately trying to
get their money out of a country they
believe is slowing dramatically.
Tarifstaxes imposed on imports,
intended to privilege homemade
goodsare not the answer. Though
popular on the stump as an easy redress,
they penalize all consumers rather than
help those whove been hurt by foreign
competition, studies show.
More-innovative labor policy
might help. Theres a growing
acknowledgment on both sides of the
political aisle in the U.S. that the pain
of free trade and globalization for the
losers, like Rust Belt manufacturing
workers, might be lessened. In
Germany, for example, displaced
workers are temporarily subsidized
while being trained for new jobs.

Conventional economics has long

taught that U.S. workers would move
into new, more enriching areas of
the labor market when jobs in their
communities go elsewhere. That was
the logic used by numerous presidential administrations when cutting
free-trade deals. But as an inluential new study by economists David
Autor, David Dorn and Gordon Hanson has shown, thats not always
the case. When looking at the effect of the rise of China on American
labor from the 1990s onward, they
found that labor-market adjustment
to trade shocks is stunningly slow,
with local labor-force participation
rates remaining depressed and local
unemployment rates remaining elevated for a full decade or more after
a [trade] shock commences.
In other words: the gains of free
trade do not always outweigh the
losses. Other studies have shown
that sagging wages in U.S. labor markets exposed to Chinese competition
reduced adult earnings by $213 per
year. This doesnt mean we shouldnt
cut smart trade deals, but it does
mean that theres no longer any point
in arguing that free trade and globalization are good for all Americans,
full stop. There are groups of American workers that suffer because of
free tradeand they often suffer for
a long time.

726

billion
trade surplus of advanced
countries for goods such as cars,
chemicals, pharmaceuticals
and machinery in 2010
33

Is China stealing
U.S. jobs?
Not exactly.
In fact, many lost U.S. jobs arent going
directly to China to the extent that most
Americans think. China has its own
economic and political goals, which are
centered around creating as many jobs
as possible to avoid the social unrest
that could lead to a collapse of the
communist system.
According to the McKinsey Global
Institute (MGI), only around 700,000
of the 6 million manufacturing jobs
lost in the U.S. between 2000 and
2010about one-third of the countrys
industrial basewent to China, mostly
in tradable areas like apparel and
electronics. The rest were lost because
of decreasing consumer demand post2008. Demand just went down the
drain, says Sree Ramaswamy, research
director at MGI. That hit industries
like auto and white goodsthink
refrigerators and washing machines
particularly hard. (There has since been
some resurgence in those areas; nearly
1 million manufacturing jobs have

U.S.
imports
from China as
a percentage
of GDP

2.7%

come back to the U.S. since 2010.)

Demand loss isnt the only force
at work. There have also been
technological changes that require
fewer employees to accomplish the
same amount of work. High-tech robots
do the laser cutting or diemaking
that human hands used to doeven
Chinese hands. (Foxconn, a Chinese
manufacturer for Apple, now makes
Foxbot robots to do Americans
outsourced work even more cheaply
than laborers.) Indeed, the Chinese
are losing jobs to humans also, to
even cheaper-labor countries. Thats
another reason that the debate over
trade is changing: much of the lowhanging fruit has been plucked in
rich and poor countries alike. That
means negotiations in all countries are
becoming more nuanced. (Witness all
the wrangling over the Trans-Paciic
Partnership.) This side efect makes
clear that the downsides of trade are a
global issue, not just a U.S. one.

Manufacturing
is one sector
that has been
hurt by free
trade

U.S.
manufacturing
as a percentage
of total
employment

16.3%
15%

8.8%

2%

10

1
5

0.3%

0
1990

34

95

2000

05

TIME April 11, 2016

10

14

SOURCES:
U.S. BUREAU OF
LABOR STATISTICS;
U.S. CENSUS;
WORLD BANK

0
1990

95

2000

05

342

billion
trade deficit of advanced
countries for labor-intensive
goods such as textiles, furniture,
toys and apparel in 2010

10

14

Do we need
a new way
of thinking
about fair
trade?
Yes.
Global trade has reduced inequality at a worldwide level,
but it has played some part
in increasing it at a national
level. It has also increased the
proitability of big irms relative to labor or the public sector, since Fortune 500 corporations can relocate capital and
labor to the most economically
advantageous places, even as
workers struggle to adapt to
change.
Theres a growing debate
about how to cope with all this.
One discussion centers around
a reconsideration of the mix of
inance and manufacturing in
the U.S. economy: namely bolstering the latter but limiting
the detrimental economic effects of the former.
There is also a resurgence of
interest in what was once called
industrial policy, which to
its champions in the 1990s
meant investing in emerging

technologies like microchips

but to its critics amounted to
federal bureaucrats picking
winners and losers. A 21st
century version might instead
look like a national growth and
competitiveness strategy that
would not only help bolster
workers hurt by globalization
but also put the U.S. in the
best competitive position to
advance in high-growth, highwage strategic sectors like
digital technology, clean energy
and so on. The fact that the U.S.
doesnt have such a strategy
puts it in a singular position
globallywhich is to say,
behind. Most other countries,
from Denmark to Singapore,
explicitly try to connect capital,
labor and economic policy to
create higher-paying jobs. This
has been done at a regional
level in the U.S. (including
cities like Columbus, Ohio),
and there are some whod like
to see more of it at a national
level.
The next U.S. President
might also consider putting
labor standards and protection
higher up the bilateral agenda
with China. By putting the
conversation about workers
on the same level as the one
about getting access to Chinese
markets for U.S. banks, or
protecting Silicon Valleys
intellectual property, Americas
next administration could
show that the U.S. cares as
much about labor as the 1%a
good way to help tamp down
the backlash over free trade.

sourcing to far-lung factories. The Internet in general and social media in

particular make hiding these kinds of
problems from consumers more dificult than ever.
Then theres the move to a digital economy. Over the past few years
global trade has begun to slow down
from its usual growth rate. Indeed,
trade in goods and services is slowing
in every area but the digital economy.
The low of digital informationincluding e-commerce, videos, intra-company
communications and searchesbetween countries grew by a whopping 45
times between 2005 and 2014, according to MGI. Countries that do more digital trade have higher-than-average economic growth rates.
And globalization itself has evolved.
Small businesses, which create the majority of new jobs, are more able to engage in global trade than ever. Eightysix percent of tech-based startups
have cross-border activity, and 360million people take part in cross-border
e-commerce. That paradigm shift could
give workers a leg upassuming they
have the skills to thrive. Education reform, rather than trade barriers, currency
wars and tariffs, may well be the most
important part of ixing trade.

Is there
any
good
news?
Yes.
There are several valid reasons to hope
the future of trade may be more balanced and more local. For one, politicians are talking about the issue. Yes,
during a campaign season that talk may
be oversimpliied or worse. But around
the world, policymakers are taking a
look at the past few decades of orthodoxy on trade.
More pressingly, the proits and
growth of businesses may be at stake.
Disasters like the 2013 Rana Plaza
factory collapse in Bangladesh have
made big companies more wary of out-

1,914

Streaming data and

digital tools play a role in
nearly every cross-border
transaction
Used cross-border bandwidth,
terabits per second

211

5
2005 06

07

08

09

10

11

12

13

2014

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

PROJECTED

GIGABITS
PER SECOND
Under 50

20,000+

SOURCE: MCKINSEY & COMPANY

35

World

CHINAS
CHAIRMAN
While growth in the economy slows, Xi Jinping builds
a personality cult with echoes of Maoand some
members of the Communist Party arent happy
By Hannah Beech/Beijing

MILLIONS OF COMMEMORATIVE PLATES

bear his portrait, a Mona Lisa smile leavened by the benign air of Winnie the
Pooh. Poets lavish ornate verse on him
My eyes are giving birth to this poem/
My ingers are burning on my cell phone,
wrote one amateur bard in February, describing his search for the perfect paean.
Bookstores across China give prime display to his collection of speeches and essays, which has sold more than 5 million
copies, according to state media. His ideology is even enshrined in an animated
rap video, with one line that goes: Its
everyones dream to build a moderately
prosperous society. Comprehensively. A
killer rhyme it is not, but who cares when
youre almost certainly the most powerful
ruler on the planet?
Little more than three years into his
decade-long tenure, Chinese President Xi
Jinping has already accumulated more authority than any of his predecessors since
Mao Zedong, the founder of the commuILLUSTR ATION BY TIM OBRIEN FOR TIME

nist Peoples Republic of China. Xi has

taken personal control of policymaking
on everything from the economy, national security and foreign afairs to the
Internet, the environment and maritime
disputes. Now the 62-year-old scion of
Chinese Communist Party (CCP) royalty stands at the center of a personality cult not seen in the Peoples Republic
since the days when frenzied Red Guards
cheered Chairman Maos launch of the
Cultural Revolution. Xi is directing a
building-god campaign, and he is the
god, says Zhang Lifan, one of a shrinking circle of Beijing scholars who dare to
question Chinas leader.
Five decades after the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution was launched in
1966sparking a political cataclysm that
upended hundreds of millions of lives
Xi is using some of Maos strategies to
unite the masses and burnish his personal rule, injecting Marxist and Maoist
ideology back into Chinese life. Hundreds

of thousands of cadres have been forced

to attend ideological education classes,
while Xis government rails against hostile foreign forces it believes are intent
on weakening a resurgent China. Like
Mao, Xi thinks if China succumbs to
Western values, these forces will destroy
not only Chinas exceptionalism but also
the stability of the Chinese Communist
Party, says Roderick MacFarquhar, a
Harvard expert on Chinese politics.
Xis personality cult is discomiting
some party skeptics, who credit Chinas
economic success to the collective, depersonalized leadership style that prevailed
after the end of the Mao era. In March,
an online article in a newspaper ailiated
with the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, which roots out oicial
corruption, appeared to disparage Xis
accumulation of power and his notoriously tight band of advisers. An open letter calling for Xis resignation, attributed
to loyal Communist Party members,
briely circulated on the Internet. Who
exactly wrote the letter, which originally
appeared on a government-linked news
portal before being expunged, isnt clear.
But its timingas Chinas annual political
meeting took placewas a reminder that
there is deepening skepticism inside the
party about Xis direction.
Beijings harsh response was telling as
well. In recent days, Chinese authorities
have detained more than 20 people, including family members of exiled writers
who deny having anything to do with the
letters publication, in an attempt to root
out the mystery authors. The State Council Information Oice, which publicizes
the position of Chinas Cabinet, went to
Twitter to dismiss speculation about the
letter: Such gossips are meaningless.
The detentions, along with a raft of
new rules limiting free expression, are
part of Xis mounting crackdown on
human rights, which has dashed hopes
for any political liberalization in China.
But Xis real challenge may well be the lingering memory of the damage done by the
Cultural Revolutions veneration of a single leader. Xis campaign for a personality cult is doomed, says Feng Chongyi,
a history professor at the University of
Technology Sydney in Australia. Because
of the Cultural Revolution, Xis peers are
vigilant against a leader holding arbitrary power over their life and property.
38

TIME April 11, 2016

EVER SINCE DENG XIAOPING launched

economic reforms in the late 1970s to
restore sanity after the Cultural Revolution, the CCP has tied its legitimacy not
to ideology but to improving Chinese livelihoods. Hundreds of millions of people
were lifted out of poverty, and by one estimation the oicially communist nation
now claims the worlds largest middle
class. But Chinas growth has slowed
last year Beijing failed to reach its own 7%
growth target, and this years projection
of 6.5% to 7% may be met only through
fudged numbers. The CCP is in danger of
losing the mandate of heaven that comes
with propulsive economic growth.
Yet rather than accelerating market reforms, Xi appears more preoccupied with
politics than economics. He has retreated
into the world of Mao: personality cults,
plaudits to the state sector and diatribes
against foreigners supposedly intent on
destroying China. The revival of Marxism and the closing of the door on the
West is so irrelevant to China now, says
Harvards MacFarquhar. But the Communist Party has got nothing else. You
could say its a desperate last stand.
This national reckoning comes just
as China seems to get more powerful by
the day, its inluence shaping elections in
Africa and consumption patterns in Europe. Eager to advance Chinas destiny as
a global superpower, Xi has pushed territorial claims in the South China Sea,
blaming regional tensions on the U.S.
Last September he held a massive military parade to show of Chinas growing
arsenaland his own dominance over
the Peoples Liberation Army (PLA). In
2015, Chinas President globe-trotted to
14 countries and was feted in each, even
enjoying a golden-carriage ride in Britain.

Xi is using
some of Maos
strategies to unite
the masses and
burnish his
personal rule

Xis forcefulness at home and stature

abroad resonate among many Chinese,
who believe someone like him is needed
to propel the country to pre-eminence on
the world stage. He is a powerful leader,
like Chairman Mao, says Wang Cheng,
who each month sells around 180 plates
decorated with the Presidents face. Says
Zhong Feiteng, a professor at the Institute
of Asia-Paciic Studies at the governmentfunded Chinese Academy of Social Sciences: Xi Jinpings vision for China is
very conident, very engaged with the
world. He is also personally a very conident man.
Qiao Mu sees it diferently. Xi Jinping is like an emperor who rose from
red nobility, says Qiao, who headed the
international-communications department at Beijing Foreign Studies University before his outspokenness got him
relegated to a job in the college library.
People dare not criticize him. But Xi is
not a god. He cannot know everything. He
cannot do everything.
THE MORNING OF FEB. 19 was a busy one
for Xi. In a few hours, trailed by dozens
of underlings dressed identically to their
leader, he visited the headquarters of the
nations biggest newspaper, TV network
and news agency. His mission: to ensure
absolute loyalty from the assembled
media, whose work, he reminded them,
was above all to relect the partys will
and views, protect the authority of the
central party leadership and preserve the
partys unity.
In China, the partys mannerisms can
often feel exaggerated. For example, the
partys mouthpiece is a newspaper called
the Peoples Daily, though these days it
seems more inclined to advance the interests of Xi himself. He was mentioned
in the front section of the Peoples Daily
more than twice as much as his predecessors Hu Jintao and Jiang Zemin, according to 2014 research by Qian Gang of the
China Media Project at the University of
Hong Kong. Last December, Xis name appeared in 11 front-page headlines.
Xi has demanded party devotion from
more than just the state-owned media.
He has lectured artists that art and culture will emit the greatest positive energy
when the Marxist view of art and culture
is irmly established. Soldiers in the
PLA have been reminded that they ight

L A N H O N G G U A N G X I N H U A P R E S S/C O R B I S

Xi, center, pushed for absolute loyalty in a Feb. 19 visit to Chinas biggest media groups

not for China but for the nations ruling

communists. In March, during the annual
meeting of Chinas rubber-stamp parliament, state media exhorted the partys
88 million members to study the wisdom
of Xis important thoughts. On university campuses, the polluting inluence of
foreign textbooks has been oicially discouraged, even if Karl Marx was born in
Germany. Western nations must realize
that the Chinese Communist Party very
much believes that it is in an ideological
war with the West, and the United States
in particular, says David Shambaugh of
George Washington University, whose
latest book is called Chinas Future.
Marxist maxims and Maoist slogans
are at odds with modern Chinese life, so
diferent from the isolated and chaotic
years of the Cultural Revolution. How
can a Beijing kid, raised on Starbucks
and The Big Bang Theory, understand
calls to reject the West and embrace socialist heroes? And for the party elite, the
heroic elevation of Xi can bring back uncomfortable memories of Maos excesses.
Already, a tentative pushback has
begun. After Xis February media tour,
Ren Zhiqiang, a retired real estate mogul
and party member who had more than
37 million followers on Chinas version
of Twitter, questioned the Presidents
demand for loyalty. Rens account was

promptly shuttered, and local party oficials said he constantly published illegal information and wrong remarks
that generated vile inluence, seriously
damaging the partys image. The CCPs
vitriol against a former soldier with impeccable political connections shocked
many. It was a 10-day Cultural Revolution, says Chinese historian Zhang. But
since then Ren has not been disciplined
further.
Others have spoken up, including employees of state-linked media who, at the
threat of dismissal and detention, have
publicly assailed Xis crackdown on freethinkers and his campaign for party loyalty. These seedlings of dissent, though,
do not a putsch make. Besides his projection of strength, Xi is genuinely popular among many Chinese because of his
anticorruption campaign, which has resulted in the arrest of tens of thousands
of wayward oicials. Elites across the
systembusinesspeople, intellectuals,
military oicers, party apparatchiks, government bureaucrats at all levelsare all
keeping their heads down under the current political conditions in China, says
Shambaugh.
But if most ordinary Chinese still
support Xi, their ruler should know that
awakening revolutionary fervor can
backire. The city of Pingxiang in south-

ern China is famous in communist lore

as the place where a young Mao helped
organize a strike in 1922 at a coal mine
in the Anyuan district. A propaganda
poster was commissioned during the
Cultural Revolution to mark the moment: Mao strides forward with socialist purpose to save the downtrodden
masses. But of the eight state-owned
mines in Pingxiang, only three are now
operational, a result of the global coal
glut. Hundreds of miners have become
so frustrated by their low pay that they
organized a rare demonstration in late
February and early March.
Xiao Bin, a Pingxiang coal miner, has
a poster of Mao at Anyuan decorating his
spartan home. The 37-year-old still holds
out hope that Xi might take care of the
masses. After all, isnt an iron rice bowl,
the promise of state succor, at the heart of
Marxism, the very same ideology Chinas
current President is reviving? But what
happens if the labor protest, in which Xiao
participated, doesnt yield results? Then
we may go petition in Beijing, shouting
We must eat to survive in Tiananmen
Square, Xiao says. Its dangerous, but its
just like Maos Anyuan strike, when the
workers carried out revolution. Thats
a word that should worry even a man
who can claim to be Maos heir. With
reporting by YANG SIQI/BEIJING

39

Society

P
O
R
N

AND THE
THREAT TO
VIRILITY

The first generation of men

who grew up with unlimited
online porn sound the alarm
By Belinda Luscombe

PHOTO-ILLUSTR ATION BY BEN ALPER FOR TIME

Noah Church is a 26-year-old

part-time wildland firefighter
in Portland, Ore. When he was
9, he found naked pictures on
the Internet. He learned how to
download explicit videos. When
he was 15, streaming videos
arrived, and he watched those.
Often. Several times a day, doing
that which people often do while
watching that genre by themselves.
After a while, he says, those videos did not arouse him
as much, so he moved on to diferent conigurations, sometimes involving just women, sometimes one woman and several guys, sometimes even an unwilling woman. I could ind
anything I imagined and a lot of stuf I couldnt imagine, he
says. After the appeal of those waned, he moved on to the
next level, more intense, often more violent.
In his senior year of high school, he had an opportunity
to have actual sex, with a real partner. He was attracted to
her and she to him, as demonstrated by the fact that she was
naked in her bedroom in front of him. But his body didnt
seem to be interested. There was a disconnect between what
I wanted in my mind and how my body reacted, he says. He
simply couldnt get the necessary hydraulics going.
He put it down to irst-timers nerves, but six years went
by, and no matter which woman he was with, his body
was no more cooperative. It responded only to the sight
of porn. Church came to believe that his adolescent Internet indulgence had somehow caused his problems and
that he had what some are calling porn-induced erectile
dysfunction (PIED).
A growing number of young men are convinced that their
sexual responses have been sabotaged because their brains
were virtually marinated in porn when they were adolescents.
Their generation has consumed explicit content in quantities and varieties never before possible, on devices designed
to deliver content swiftly and privately, all at an age when
their brains were more plasticmore prone to permanent
changethan in later life. These young men feel like unwitting guinea pigs in a largely unmonitored decade-long experiment in sexual conditioning. The results of the experiment,
they claim, are literally a downer.
So theyre beginning to push back, creating online community groups, smartphone apps and educational videos to
help men quit porn. They have started blogs and podcasts
and take all the public-speaking gigs they can get. Porn has
always faced criticism among the faithful and the feminist.
But now, for the irst time, some of the most strident alarms
are coming from the same demographic as its most enthusiastic customers.
Of course there are much broader concerns about porns
42

TIME April 11, 2016

efect on society that go beyond the potential for sexual dysfunction, including the fact that it often celebrates the degradation of women and normalizes sexual aggression. In February, these issues led British Prime Minister David Camerons
government, which had previously asked Internet service
providers to ilter adult content unless a user opted in, to
begin the process of requiring porn sites to verify the age of
their users or face a ine. Shortly afterward, the Utah legislature unanimously passed a resolution to treat pornography
as a public-health crisis. And compelling new research on
visual stimuli is ofering some support to the young mens
theories, suggesting the combination of computer access,
sexual pleasure and the brains mechanisms for learning
could make online porn acutely habit forming, with potential psychological efects.
For Gabe Deem, 28, porn was as much a part of adolescence as homework or acne. It was normal and it was everywhere, he says. He grew up in an era when what used to be
considered X-rated was becoming mainstream, and he and
his friends used to watch explicit videos constantly, he says,
even during class, on their school-issued laptops. It wasnt
something we were ashamed of. Deem, who lives in Irving,
Texas, is the founder of Reboot Nation, a forum and online
video channel that ofers advice and support for young people
who believe they are addicted to pornography, have sexual
dysfunctions as a result and wish to quit.
Hes a little diferent from many of the porn activists, because he was sexually active at a young age and consumed
porn only as a side dish. But it came to dominate his diet, and
some years after high school, I got with a gorgeous girl and
we went to have sex and my body had no response at all, he
says. I was freaked because I was young and it and I was
super attracted to the girl. He went to his doctor. I said, I
might have low T, Deem says, using slang for a testosterone
deiciency. He laughed.
Many of the details of his story are conirmed by his girlfriend at the time, who would prefer to remain anonymous.
He would try to start something, and then in the middle he
would say, I think we should wait, she recalls. I was just really confused and I would think, Does he not like me? Whats
going on? It took nine months after he told her about his
problem for him to be able to perform with her.
Having a partner with ED isnt the primary problem most
young women face with porn, and only a fraction of women
report feeling addicted, yet they are not immune to the effects of growing up in a culture rife with this content. Teen
girls increasingly report that guys are expecting them to behave like porn starlets, encumbered by neither body hair nor
sexual needs of their own.
In April 2015, Alexander Rhodes left a good job with
Google to develop counseling and community-support sites
for those who are struggling with a porn habit. He had started
the NoFap subreddita list of posts on one subjecton the
popular website Reddit and a companion website called
NoFap.com in 2011, but its now a full-time endeavor. (The
name derives from fap, Internet-speak for masturbation.)
The 26-year-old says his irst exposure to porn was a pop-up
adno, really, he swears!when he was about 11. His father

PHOTOGR APH BY NANCY NE WBERRY FOR TIME

most sex-positive things people can do, says Rhodes.

One online commenter, sirrifo, put it more simply:
I just want to enjoy sex again and feel the desire for
another person.

was a software engineer in Pennsylvania, and he had

been encouraged to play with computers since he was
a 3-year-old. For as long as there had been an Internet, I had relatively uniltered access, says Rhodes.
The ad was for a site that showed rape, but he says he
only understood there was a naked lady. Pretty soon
he was printing out thumbnails of his image-search
results for womens tummies or pretty girls boobies. By the time he was 14, he says, he was pleasuring himself to porn 10 times a day. Thats not an exaggeration, he insists. That, and play video games,
was all I did.
In his late teens, when he got a girlfriend, things
did not go well. I really hurt her [emotionally],
says Rhodes. I thought it was normal to fantasize
about porn while having sex with another person.
If he stopped thinking about porn to focus on the
girl, his body lost interest, he says. He quit porn a
couple of times before inally swearing of it for good
in late 2013. His two sites have about 200,000 members, and he says they get about a million unique
users a month.
These men, and the thousands of others who populate their websites with stories of sexual dysfunction, are all at pains to make it clear that they are not
antisex. The reason I quit watching porn is to have
more sex, says Deem. Quitting porn is one of the

The reboot
movement started
for one reason,
says Deem. Young
guys wanting to
have functioning
penises. Nothing to
do with morals.

DO THEIR CLAIMS of porn-induced ED have any

merit? Recent statistics suggest some correlation.
In 1992, about 5% of men experienced ED at age 40,
according to the U.S. National Institutes of Health
(NIH). A study in the July 2013 Journal of Sexual Medicine found that 26% of adult men seeking help for
ED were under 40. In a 2014 study of 367 U.S. military personnel younger than 40, a third reported ED.
And a 2012 Swiss study found the condition among
a third of even younger men: 18 to 25.
Of course, there could be any number of reasons
for these indings. Since the advent of Viagra and
similar medications, awareness and acceptance of
erectile dysfunction is much higher, and thanks to all
those TV commercials, the stigma is correspondingly
lower, so more people may be admitting to it. Diabetes, obesity, social anxiety or depression can also
cause the condition, as can drug or alcohol abuse. As
these have risen among the young, so may have instances of ED. But urologists arent willing to rule out
that pornography could be partly to blame. I think
its possible, says Dr. Ajay Nangia, former president
of the Society for Male Reproduction and Urology.
Theres a kind of desensitization of these men, and
they only reach the point of feeling stimulated when
sex is like it is on a movie.
If the causes of the spike in ED are up for debate,
the unprecedented access to porn via streaming video
in the past decade is not. The advent of video sites
that, like YouTube (which launched in 2005), allow
users to upload, aggregate and organize videos has
transformed the way people encounter porn. Theres
a staggeringly diverse array of free explicit content
thats constantly expanding because anyone, from
amateurs to professionals, can put a video online. One
independent web-tracking company clocked 58 million monthly U.S. visitors to adult sites in February
2006. Ten years later the number was 107 million.
One of the worlds largest adult sites, Pornhub, an
explicit-video-sharing site, says that it gets 2.4 million visitors per hour and that in 2015 alone, people
around the globe watched 4,392,486,580 hours of its
content, which is more than twice as long as Homo
sapiens has spent on earth. Porn is so ubiquitous, it
has spun of memes, including Rule 34, which says,
If it exists, there is porn of it. (Leprechauns? Check.
Pterodactyls? Check. Pandas? Check.) The Internet is
like a 24-hour all-you-can-eat bufet restaurant that
serves every type of sex snack.
And the young are devouring it. Almost 40% of
British boys ages 14 to 17 said they regularly watch,
according to a February 2015 study by the University of Bristol. Chyng Sun, an associate professor of
43

media studies at New York University, says nearly half of the

487 men she surveyed in one study had been exposed to porn
before theyd turned 13. A study in the Journal of Sex Research
puts irst exposure at, on average, 12 years old for young men.
A massive social shift involving the health of young people
usually prompts a robust round of research to assess whats
really going on. But in this case, not so much. Its hard even to
get funding to study how widespread porn use is, says Janis
Whitlock, a former sex educator who is now a researcher in
mental health at Cornell University. NIH staf reportedly advise researchers against using the word sexual in their funding
applications if possible. Neuroscientist Simone Khn, whose
study on porn watching and brain structure was published
in the esteemed JAMA Psychiatry, says her employers at the
Max Planck Institute were unhappy to be associated with it.
THE LACK OF RESEARCH is exacerbating a bitter ight in the
academic community about the efects of excessive porn use.
And theres not a lot of hard science to decide the outcome.
The young porn abstainers do have an unlikely guru:
Gary Wilson, 59, a former part-time adjunct biology professor at Southern Oregon University and various vocational
schools and the author of Your Brain on Porn: Internet Pornography and the Emerging Science of Addiction. His website, yourbrainonporn.com, or more commonly YBOP, is a
clearinghouse for information that supports the link between
heavy adolescent pornography use and sexual dysfunction.
Many people ind him through his 2012 TEDx talk, which
has more than 6 million views.
YBOP contends that watching too much onanistic material in adolescence afects the brain in multiple ways. Porn
trains your brain to need everything associated with porn
to get aroused, Wilson says. That includes not only the
content but also the delivery method. Because porn videos
are limitless, free and fast, users can click to a whole new
scene or genre as soon as their arousal ebbs and thereby,
says Wilson, condition their arousal patterns to ongoing,
ever changing novelty.
A heavy porn schedule and the resulting sustained high
levels of dopamine reinforces these patterns. The result in
some Internet porn users is higher brain activation to internet porn, and less arousal to sex with a real person, Wilson
argues. And then theres habituation: the need for more to
get the same hit. Extreme novelty, certain fetishes, shock
and surprise and anxietyall those elevate dopamine, he
says. So they need those to be sexually aroused.
Other researchers are dismissive of any link between porn
and erectile dysfunction.In the absence of supporting scientiic data, the strength of [these young mens] belief that
porn causes ED is not evidence for the validity of their belief, says David J. Ley, a clinical psychologist and the author
of The Myth of Sex Addiction. The overwhelming majority
of porn users report no ill efects. A very, very small minority are reporting these concerns about ED.
Ley points to recent studies of young men who use porn,
like a 2015 paper in the Journal of Sexual Medicine, in which
researchers from the University of Zagreb in Croatia analyzed
studies of about 4,000 sexually active heterosexual young
44

TIME April 11, 2016

THE RISE
OF PORN
Widespread access to streaming
video has driven an exponential
increase in the viewing and
sharing of explicit content. At
the peak of Playboys popularity
in 1975, the magazine had a
circulation of 5.6 million. Today
more than 100 million people in
the U.S. visit adult sites monthly.

2004
SOURCES: PORNHUB
(S I T E S TAT I S T I C S);
PEW RESEARCH
CENTER (INTERNE T
USE, PHONE
O W N E R S H I P );
RESE ARCHERS
OGI OGAS AND
SAI GADDAM
( W E B S E A R C H E S);
CRUNCHBASE

58 million
Monthly U.S. visitors to
adult sites (Feb. 2006)

167 million
Total U.S. Internet users

2005

2006

2007

YouTube
launches

YouPorn
launches

Pornhub founded;
broadband Internet
reaches 50% of
Americans

men in three European countries and found only a very slight

correlation between pornography use and erectile problems.
(And only in Croatia.) Another found that porn users who
were religious were more likely to think they were addicted.
Nicole Prause, a psychologist and neuroscientist, also believes PIED is a myth: An overwhelming number of studies have shown that the strongest predictors of ED continue
to be depression and drug use.
For the young male activists, however, Exhibit A is always
their own physiology. If you can get a boner with porn and
you cant get a boner without porn, thats about as hard as
evidence gets in my opinion, says Deem of Reboot Nation.
He crosses of every other reason for his sexual dysfunction.
Inexperience? Ive been a sexually conident and experienced guy since the age of 14, he says. Obesity? Hes a certiied personal trainer with, he says, under 10% body fat. Drug
use? He claims to have smoked about ive joints in his life.
And his ED couldnt have been due to performance anxiety,
because he says he couldnt get aroused even when masturbating offline on a relaxed Sunday afternoon. I ran back to
my computer to double-check. I turned on porn and bam!
Beyond the issues facing these young men, theres emerging research that should give every porn user pause. A 2014
fMRI study from the Max Planck Institute found that habitual porn use may have an efect on the brain. The more
pornography men consumed, the smaller the brain striatum,
the reward center of the brain, says Khn, the author. And
those who watched more pornography showed less response
to pornographic pictures in the same area. Another study
showed that more-frequent porn users were more impulsive
and had less ability to delay gratiication. And a brain-scan
study out of the University of Cambridge in 2014 showed that
men with compulsive sexual behavior responded to explicit
clips in the same way users of drugs respond to drugs; they
craved them, even if they didnt like them.
The lead researcher in that study, neuroscientist and neu-

20

87.8 billion
78.9 billion

63.2 billion

Annual video
views, on
Pornhub, the
adult videosharing site,
in 2009:
22.3 billion

51.7 billion

38.9 billion
33.6 billion

107 million

Monthly U.S. visitors to

adult sites (Jan. 2016)

259 million
Total U.S. Internet users

08

2009

2010

P H O T O G R A P H B Y A N D R E W S P E A R F O R T I M E ; I L L U S T R AT I O N S B Y M A R T I N G E E F O R T I M E

13% of web searches

are for adult content

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Porn-recovery
site NoFap
founded

Your Brain
on Porns
Gary Wilson
debuts
Tedx talk

U.S. smartphone
ownership
exceeds 50%

A spate of
revenge-porn
laws are
enacted

Last issue
of Playboy
with nudity
published

Pornhub
launches virtualreality channel

I fantasized
about porn while
having sex, says
Rhodes. I had
to depersonalize
[partners] to
achieve sexual
satisfaction.

ropsychiatrist Valerie Voon, says many of her heavyporn-using subjects report having erectile issues. But
she and Khn both note that none of this is proof that
porn shrinks brains; it could be that people who have
smaller reward centers have to watch more porn to
get the same thrill. I would be cautious about using

2016

a single imaging study to imply that there has been

damage to the brain, says Voon. We just need more
studies.
The porn-addiction debate is a rancorous subset
of a disagreement in the medical and scientiic communities about whether its possible to classify socalled behavioral addictions, like those to gambling
and eating, in the same category as substance addictions, like those to alcohol or prescription drugs.
Prause argues that using the word addiction to describe what could simply be a high sexual appetite
is unhelpful and may be worsening the problem by
stigmatizing it.
But to Voon, who studies addictions, compulsive
porn watching sure looks like one, even though it has
diferent properties, including a higher appetite for
novelty than other addictions. Its possible that the
combination of pornographic stimuli being highly rewarding in addition to the novelty might have some
kind of greater efect, she says.
Brian Anderson, a cognitive neuroscientist at
Johns Hopkins University, has an intriguing theory.
His specialty is habit formation; in February his team
released a study showing that visual stimuli that are
linked to a reward are harder to ignore when they are
encountered again. When the brain detects evidence
of the enjoyable stimulus, it pays more attention and
blocks out other stimuli. Your brain is wired to develop those patterns, and when you tie them to something like porn it can be very disruptive and diicult
to break, says Anderson.
He hypothesizes that the visual nature of porn
makes it particularly appealing for the brain. It
lends itself to a strong and quick attention bias, he
says. The brain is going to learn that association very
quickly. And because peoples modern lives are very
45

computer-heavy, there are reminders of porn everywhere. There probably comes a point in time, he
says, where you open up your browser and you just
start thinking about porn. (And thats before virtualreality tech takes things to a whole new level.)
Since the teenagers guzzling all that porn are digesting it in a brain that is still developing, its possible they are particularly susceptible. Philip Zimbardo, emeritus professor of psychology at Stanford
University (and the guy who did the famous Stanford
prison experiment), notes that porn often goes hand
in hand with video games and is similarly inely tuned
to be as habit-forming as possible.
Porn embeds you in what I call present hedonistic time zone, he says. You seek pleasure and
novelty and live for the moment. While not chemically addictive, he says, porn has the same efect on
behavior as a drug addiction does: some people stop
doing much else in favor of pursuing it. And then the
problem is, as you do this more and more, the reward
centers of your brain lose the capacity for arousal, he
says. At a time when young men are at their physical
peak, he says, all the inactivity may be contributing
to the unexpected sexual dysfunction.
NOAH CHURCH DEVOTES about 20 hours a week to
trying to help others eliminate porn from their lives,
or at least to cut out the habit known as PMO (porn,
masturbation, orgasm). He has written a free book
about it, Wack, runs addictedtoporn.com and counsels people via Skype for a $100 fee. Rhodes, meanwhile, tries to help guys get their mojo back by arranging challenges, during which young people try
to abstain from PMO for a certain span of time. There
are diferent levels of abstinence: the most extreme
(known, ironically, as hard mode) is keeping away
from any sexual activity, and the least extreme is having all the sexual encounters that present themselves,
including those that occur alone, but without visual
aids. Deems site ofers similar strategies, along with
a lot of community support and educational materials. He makes money from speaking fees. A group of
young men from Utah have started an organization
called Fight the New Drug, which has a free recovery
program for teens called Fortify.
The young men who wish to reboot their brains
describe similar consequences as they titrate of the
habit. Some of them have withdrawal-like symptoms
such as headaches and sleeplessness. Many of them
talk about latlining, a period of joylessness, zero
libido and even shrunken genitalia that can last several weeks. I felt like a zombie, says Deem. Older
guys have reported similar symptoms, but they generally recover faster, possibly because they had more
sexual experiences in real life. Football player turned
actor Terry Crews recently posted a series of Facebook videos about the damage his porn habit did
to his marriage, and his life, though not his viril46

TIME April 11, 2016

Whos
watching
Adult
entertainment
in the U.S. is as
popular as it is
controversial

46%
of men and

16%
of women
ages 18 to 39
intentionally view
pornography in
any given week

1113
average age of
irst porn viewing
by boys

12 million
hours a day are
spent viewing
porn globally on
the adult-video
site Pornhub

20%
of men and

35%
of women believe
that pornography
should be illegal
for everyone
S O U R C E S : R EG E N E R U S ,
GORDON & PRICE, 2015
( P E R C E N TA G E S); J O U R N A L O F
SE X RESE ARCH AND OTHER
S T U D I E S ( AV E R A G E A G E );
PORNHUB

ity. He went to rehab. Others report bouncing back

more quickly. I felt more focused, awake, socially
conident, connected to others, more interested in
daily activities and more emotionally sensitive,
says Church. I started feeling these changes very
soon after quitting.
Because consuming porn is often done on impulse, NoFaps newest product is an online emergency button, which when clicked takes users to
a motivational picture, video, story or advice, like
this: PMO is not even an option. The way eating yellow snow is not an option. It doesnt even factor into
the decisionmaking process. The Brainbuddy app,
which was developed after a young Australian named
David Endacott noticed how diicult it was for him
to give up porn, ofers a series of alternativesan activity or an inspiring video. Not watching porn is only
half the battle, he says. The brain has to develop new
and diferent pleasurable associations with the computer. Like a Fitbit, the app also tracks how many
days users have gone without resorting to the habit.
It has had more than 300,000 downloads so far.
THE ONE THING that these young men are not suggesting is an end to porn, even if that were possible.
I dont think that pornography should be legislated
or banned or restricted, says Rhodes. In any case,
legislating porn has always been fraught, and today
thats not just because of the First Amendment but
also because of technology. One challenge facing the
British proposal to force porn sites to verify the age
of their consumers is iguring out how to make that
work without invading adult privacy and despite the
ease with which most teenagers can subvert online ilters. (Reports showed that 1.4 million unique visitors
to adult sites in Britain were under the age of 18 in
May 2015, after Internet providers opt-in ilters were
in place.) Although one U.S.-based site, Pornhub, has
pledged to adhere to the new British rules, the industry is dubious about the health claims. My No. 1
gripe with the porn industry is that they have been
generally unaccepting of the whole porn-addiction
recovery movement, says Rhodes. "They really trivialize it. (Pornhub declined to answer any questions
about legislation or health concerns for this story.)
As an industry we have seen a lot of moral panics, says Mike Stabile, communications director for
the Free Speech Coalition, the adult-entertainment
industrys trade association. There doesnt seem to
be a whole lot of reputable science. Should something
emerge it might spur discussions. The industry is
not in favor of the British approach that makes Internet users opt in to adult content rather than opting
out, says Stabile: Those ilters can block access to
LGBTQ groups and sex-education sites. But thats
exactly the model that state senator Todd Weiler is
hoping will be used in Utah. Weve changed how
weve approached tobacco, not by banning it but by

putting reasonable restrictions in place, says Weiler. Hed like

places like McDonalds and Starbucksand even libraries
to ilter their wi-i so that they would be porn-free.
PROVIDING A COUNTERNARRATIVE for teens about the
porn theyll inevitably encounter, despite whatever ilters
are put in place, is a key goal of the young activists. Thirteenand 14-year-olds have access to unrestricted and endlessly
novel Internet porn way before they discover that it could
potentially have harmful side efects, says Rhodes. Deem
points out that he stayed away from cocaine because he was
taught it would harm him. Hed like to see porn treated the
same way, with schools teaching about the possible side effects of pornography during sex ed. I would tell my son,
Ill be straight up with you, all superstimulating things, like
Internet porn, junk food and drugs, can be fun and pleasurable, temporarily, says Deem. However, they also have the
potential to desensitize you to normal, natural things and
ultimately rob you of the one thing you thought they would
give you, the ability to experience pleasure.
Introducing porn to sex ed at school would seem a quixotic
quest. Sex education is already the source of much conlict,
and schools do not wish to be accused of introducing kids to
pornography, even if the science of its efects were settled.
Parents too are wary of broaching the subject, afraid of what
questions might be asked. But curiosity abhors a vacuum; online porn is becoming de facto sex ed for many young people.
Whitlock, the former sex educator, says she has been surprised by how reluctant her erstwhile colleagues are to speak
up about porn. She believes that because sex educators were
ighting a negative image of sex for so long during the years of
abstinence-only education, theyre allergic to anything that
questions sexual appetites. She has found that even asking
students to relect on what their watching habits are doing to
their mental health is met with pushback. It makes no sense
to me, she says. Its like saying if you question the value of
eating Dunkin Donuts all the time that youre food negative.
An ideal way to deliver the message might be online, but
ironically, many of these eforts are thwarted by porn blockers. Thats a problem for Brainbuddy. Its creator feels its important to get it to the 12-and-older crowd, but users must
be over 17 to download it.
The shame around a compulsive porn habit makes asking
for help diicult, even though neuroscientists say it could
happen to anyone. Then theres the reverse stigma for young
men who speak against the genre in a culture that celebrates
sexuality. Deem and other advocates know they are walking into a headwind of apathy, antagonism and ridicule. But
theyre not dissuaded. If anything is going to change, says
Deem, its going to have to come through the guys who went
through the trenches, who were actually clicking the tabs and
watching the hardcore porn when we were 12.
One of the newer NoFap members (known as Fapstronauts), a 30-something gay man just starting a 30-day challenge, puts it this way: When I think about it, he writes,
Ive wasted years of my life looking for a computer or
mobile phone to provide something it is not capable of
providing.

BOOKS

How porn is changing a

generation of girls
By Peggy Orenstein
WATCHING NATURAL-LOOKING PEOPLE ENGAGING
in sex that is consensual, pleasurable and realistic may
not be harmfulheck, it might be a good ideabut that
is generally not what the $97 billion global porn industry is shilling. Its producers have one goal: to get men
of hard and fast for proit. That means eroticizing the
degradation of women. In a study of behaviors in popular porn, nearly 90% of 304 random scenes contained
physical aggression toward women, who nearly always
responded neutrally or with pleasure. More insidiously,
women would sometimes beg their partners to stop,
then acquiesce and begin to enjoy the activity, regardless of how painful or debasing.
Over 40% of children ages 10 to 17 have been exposed
to porn online, many accidentally. By college, according to a survey of more than 800 students titled Generation XXX, 90% of men and one-third of women had
viewed porn during the preceding year. Even if what kids
watch is utterly vanilla, theyre still learning that womens
sexuality exists for the beneit of men. An 11th-grade girl
conided to me, I watch porn because Im a virgin and I
want to igure out how sex works.
There is some indication that porn has a liberalizing
efect: heterosexual male users are more likely than their
peers to approve of same-sex marriage. On the other
hand, theyre less likely to support airmative action for
women. And porn users are also more likely than their
peers to measure their masculinity, social status and
self-worth by their ability to score with hot women.
Perhaps because it depicts aggression as sexy, porn
also seems to desensitize: female porn users are less
likely to intervene when seeing another woman being
threatened or assaulted and are slower to recognize when
theyre in danger themselves. Boys, not surprisingly, use
porn more than girls. Slightly under half of male college
students use it weekly; only 3% of females do.
Porn has terrible efects on what young women believe they are supposed to look like, particularly during
sex, said Leslie Bell, a psychotherapist and author of
Hard to Get.
Ill be hooking up with some guy whos really hot,
conided a high school senior in Northern California,
then things get heavier and all of a sudden my mind
shifts and Im not a real person: its like, This is me performing. This is me acting ... And I dont even know who
it is Im playing, who that she actually is. Its some fantasy girl, I guess, maybe the girl from porn.
Orenstein is the author of Girls & Sex (Harper/
HarperCollins Publishers), from which this was adapted.
2016 by Peggy Orenstein.
For expert advice on talking to kids about porn, visit time.com/ideas

47

SHE MUST FIRST ENSURE THAT HER GIRLFRIEND EXPERIENCES DONT COME TO BE PERCEIVED AS GIRLFRIEND REALITIES. PAGE 52

The pack of swaggering rogues includes, from left, Jenner, Powell, Baker and Forrest Vickery

MOVIES

Everybody
Wants Some!!
deserves
a third
exclamation
mark

PA R A M O U N T P I C T U R E S

By Stephanie Zacharek

THE TITLE OF RICHARD LINKLATERS

brash and buoyant comedy Everybody
Wants Some!!borrowed from the
Van Halen song of the same name
is one of those hungry, declarative
sentences with multiple questions
built in. Of course everybody wants
some! But what, exactlythe obvious
asideis some? Where can you ind
it? And howre you gonna get it?
Writer-director Linklater knows
a few of the answers, and he weaves
them invisibly into this wonderful,
ramshackle happening set at a
ictitious Texas university in the days
preceding the fall semester of 1980.
Jake (Blake Jenner) is just starting as
a freshman, moving, with his crate of
prized LPs, into one of two houses on
campus designated for the schools
baseball team. Hes a pitcher and

proud of it, but his ego is vaguelyif

only temporarilydelated when he
begins meeting his new teammates
and housemates, whose mission is to
make sure the new meat doesnt get
too cocky. The ringleaders of this gang
of swaggering rogues are Finnegan
(Glenn Powell), a wiseacre philosopher
who has a quip for every occasion, and
Roper (Ryan Guzman), who takes the
wheel when the guys pile into a car for
an on-campus cruise to scope out the
new freshman hotties. There are also
Willoughby (Wyatt Russell), a stoner
who shows up from California in a
hippie van; Dale (J. Quinton Johnson),
the one team member of color, though
no one ever mentions it (or seems to
have even noticed); and competitive
hothead McReynolds (Tyler Hoechlin),
who breaks a ping-pong paddle when
49

TimeOf Reviews

Jake has the ballsand the skillto

beat him in a match.
Linklater saunters up to this
story of male one-upmanship and
knuckleheaded camaraderie in his
usual low-key fashion. One scene
lows into the next like the free-form
globules in a lava lamp, but by the
time you see the ilms inal shot,
youll understand that Linklater had
a clear map forward all along. Part of
his unmethodical method involves a
beautifully sequenced soundtrack (see
sidebar), a perfect snapshot of the allencompassing majesty that was Top 40
radio at the time. It includes everything
from Patti Smiths urgent, earthy and
erotic version of Because the Night
to S.O.S. Bands Qiana-smooth Take
Your Time (Do It Right), because these
guys have little snobbery about what
turns them on, musicwise.
Their openness to the sounds around
them is relected in the freewheeling
structure of their nights. The joint they
like best is a local disco called the Sound
Machine. Decked out in their Huk-aPoo shirts, they boogie down with zero
self-consciousness. But they also get
their irst, exhilarating taste of this new
thing called punk when an old high
school pal of Jakes invites them to his
favorite underground hangout.
Anywhere they might meet girls is

Linklaters ilm Dazed and

Confused launched the career of
Matthew McConaughey
O.K. by them. Everybody Wants Some!!
is a seemingly straightforward picture
thats surprisingly stealthy in capturing
the joy and exaltation of being an
almost-adult but still feeling young,
of messing around and messing up, of
waiting and hoping for the chance to
meet a guy or girl you really like. In
Jakes case, that girl is the breezy-cool
yet grounded theater major Beverly
(Zoey Deutch).
Linklater has called Everybody Wants
Some!! a spiritual sequel to his 1993
ilm Dazed and Confused, set a few years
earlier (1976) and also borrowing its
name from the school of rock (specii-

cally, the Led Zeppelin chestnut). As he

did for that movie, Linklater has assembled a sprawling cast made up largely of
newcomers, all of them winning. One of
the funniest, Temple Bakerwho plays
the exuberantly zonked-out freshman
Plummerhasnt acted since he appeared in an English-class production of
Romeo and Juliet in the ifth grade. (His
performance consisted of four lines.)
But Powell and Jenner are the real
standouts. Powells Finnegan spins out
a line of randy patter thats supposed to
work like gangbusters with the ladies
but generally backires. Watching him
fail, only to start right back up again, is
just one of the movies easygoing recurring jokes. And Jenners jock swagger is
the winsome kind: hes both sexy and
approachable, hitting the sweet spot
between Dial soap and Jovan musk oil.
If you were young in the early 1980s,
youll recognize this guyand if you
were a girl, you probably wanted him.
Everybody Wants Some!! captures
the essence of all sorts of youthful
desires, both those that are easily
identiiable and the more aching,
unnameable kind. With the grace of a
surreptitious curveball and the ease of
a perfect pop song, Linklater reveals
one of the great secrets of life: to have
everything is impossible, but to get
some is to have everything.

You get more of Some!! on double-LP vinyl

SOUNDTRACK

Sounding of
on Linklaters
hit parade
Almost as appealing as the cast
of newcomers Richard Linklater
assembled for Everybody
Wants Some!! is the inspired,
genre-crossing soundtrack
compiled by the director with
music supervisors Meghan
Currier and Randall Poster.
Spanning everything from hard
rock to new wave to country,

funk and disco, its available on

CD and cassette with 16 tracks,
but ittingly the double-LP vinyl
version offers eight additional
songs. Linklater, who says
he was the guy who listened
to a little more new-wave-y
stuff when he played college
baseball at Sam Houston State
University in Huntsville, Texas,
chatted with TIME about a few
of his favorites.
My Sharona, the Knack
The Knack was the greatest
teen-sexual-angst band of all
time. Every song was about the
same thing, and thats what
being a young guy is all about.
Rappers Delight, The
Sugarhill Gang That song is

so pivotal in cultural history. Its

the Rosetta Stone of hip-hop.
I told the cast, Were just going
to ride around and listen to
this song, all 13 minutes of it.
That sets the tone for the whole
movie.
Everybody Wants Some!!
and Aint Talkin Bout Love,
Van Halen Van Halen will
always be a seminal band. They
represented a changing of the
guard in rock gods. I saw them
in 1978, opening for Black
Sabbath, and a lot of people
speak of that as being a real
game changer.
Give Up the Funk (Tear
the Roof Off the Sucker),
Parliament What can you
say? George Clinton and

Bootsy Collins were the guys.

I remember one of my college
roommates had their album.
It was a good era for R&B and
funk.
Bad Girls, Donna Summer
Nobody I knew would admit to
liking disco. You might go out to
a club to dance to it, probably
wearing a Disco sucks T-shirt,
but you wouldnt listen to it at
home. But frankly, that stuff
ages so well. I would rather
listen to those songs than
some of the sincere singersongwriter stuff. The lyrics were
always simple and repetitive
people make fun of thatbut
they hold up because of the
beats. Disco was very sexual.
Isaac Guzmn

TIME
PICKS

MOVIES
In Karyn Kusamas
indie psychological
thriller The Invitation
(April 8), a dinner party
in the Hollywood Hills
is overshadowed by a
series of disquieting
threats.

Krisha has
given Fairchild,
65, major buzz
after years of
minor roles

BOOKS
Journalist Louisa
Thomas biography
of Louisa Catherine
Adams, Louisa: The
Extraordinary Life of
Mrs. Adams (April 5),
explores the life
of the U.S.s sixth
First Lady.

MOVIES

M C C O N A U G H E Y: E V E R E T T; K R I S H A : A 24; S H U LT S , H A W T H O R N E : G E T T Y I M A G E S

In Krisha, a prodigal
daughter returns, and a
family faces its deepest fears
WHAT MUST IT BE LIKE TO FEEL SO FOREIGN IN YOUR OWN
skin that every outside sound rings wrong in your head? To
walk into a room and see a nervously unasked question on
every face, as if youd just awakened from a long, terrible
trance under which youd done things you cant remember?
With his debut feature, Krishashot in nine days, on a
piggybank budget, in his parents houseTrey Edward Shults
collects those ambient rays of feeling and packs them into
a single movie, one thats part character study, part family
mystery and part psychological horror story.
The Krisha of the title is a 60-ish hippie doyenne (played
by Shults aunt Krisha Fairchild) who has returned to the
family fold after a long time away. She shows up, in lowing
layers of indigo cotton, like a Woman Who Runs With the
Wolvesor who, perhaps, has exhausted herself by trying
to outrun them. The whole clan, particularly college-age
Trey (played by Shults), greets her warily. And before long,
their tentativeness toward hertheir Hows she doing?
solicitousness, which seems to be intended more for their
comfort than for hersbegins to wear (and break) her down.
Fairchilds performance is key to the movie: Krisha is witty
and chatty one moment, shut down like a deserted fairground
the next. We see dazzling warmth in her eyes but also the terror
of total system failure. She looks, probably, like someone you
know, only both more radiant and more prismatically troubled.
Youd like to think that if she showed up on your doorstep,
youd open your arms wide. You might, or you might not. The
truth, as Krisha shows us, is that refugees from the land of the
lost arent always so easy to take in.S.Z.

FAMILY AFFAIR
In addition to his
aunt, Shults, above,
cast his mother and
grandmother. He based
the Krisha character on
an addicted aunt, Nica,
who was in recovery
but relapsed at a
family reunion.

TELEVISION
The HBO documentary
Mapplethorpe: Look
at the Pictures (April 4)
examines the work of
Robert Mapplethorpe,
whose photography
inspired a debate over
the line between art
and pornography and
is currently on display
in a major two-museum
retrospective in Los
Angeles.

MUSIC
Soul singer Mayer
Hawthorne plays nearly
every instrument on
the disco-inlected love
songs of his fourth
album, Man About Town
(April 8).

TimeOf Television

REVIEW

The Girlfriend
Experience is dark
home theater
By Daniel DAddario

Playing a fantasy object for men, Keough embodies our fascination with surveillance
a half-million-dollar inheritance from
a late client lies tantalizingly out of
reach, for to accept it would be to reveal
herself as a sex worker and open herself
up to humiliation. Worse, a recording
of one of her illicit sessions is sent from
Christines email account and lands in
the inboxes of her real-life contacts, at
least one of whom we see watching and
watchingand watching.
Its in this plot development, which
comes to govern the seasons plot developments, that The Girlfriend Experience
inds its newsy energy. The practice of
online doxingrevealing personal
information, often gleaned by hacking,
about individualshas become a legitimate threat thats diicult to curb. That
the victim in this case happens to be a
sex worker who appears to have sent the
email makes her diicult to defend. Frozen out at her internship, Christine goes
from canny operator to avenging angel,
losing her balance as she uses the tools of
surveillance to try to get revenge on the

I just dont like sharing

my time with anyone
unless somethings being
accomplished.
RILEY KEOUGH, as Christine Reade on
The Girlfriend Experience

men who she believes wronged her.

Its a crusade Keough is well suited
to undertake. Last year she appeared as
one of the enslaved brides in Mad Max:
Fury Road, and she brings to this role a
similar afectrage cloaked in placidity.
Watching her give herself over to paranoia (installing a home camera system,
for instance) is riveting stuf.
Her paranoia is understandable.
More than any other recent show thats
dealt with web culturelooking at
you, House of CardsThe Girlfriend
Experience intuitively grasps the
manner in which constantly available
information can transform lives. If it
resembles any movie genre, its the
paranoid eavesdropping thrillers of the
1970s, like Klute and The Conversation.
In an era as unsettled as our own,
they underscored just how creepily
compelling surveillance can be.
Christine does a funny thing with
her home recordings. We see her
playing back a days footage to see if
there were any intruders, but she inds
none. Yet shes gripped by her own
movements through the dayshe cant
stop watching herself. By seasons end,
shes set up an entirely diferent kind of
in-home camera, one for paying clients
to gaze upon her. If shes going to be
surveilled, she may as well get a cut.
Dont talk, she says. Just watch me.

T H E G I R L F R I E N D E X P E R I E N C E : S TA R Z ; Q U I C K TA L K : G E T T Y I M A G E S; C ATA S T R O P H E : A M A Z O N S T U D I O S

STEVEN SODERBERGHS 2009 FILM

The Girlfriend Experience hasnt aged
particularly well. Its chilly cynicism
about the connections between prostitution and the scrappiness needed
to survive in a failing economy was
frustratingly unsubtle. Released a few
months into President Obamas irst
term, the movie is a relection of its
time, but one thats drudgery to revisit.
Which makes it a strange choice
to reboot now. (Who remembers the
ilm, or cares?) But its also a perfect
one. Starzs Soderbergh-produced
series The Girlfriend Experience,
whose 13 episodes will be released to
subscribers on April 10, may in seven
years look as dated as its precursor, but
thats a worry for another day. This is
a show for our moment.
Our protagonist is Christine Reade
(Riley Keough), a second-year law student in Chicago who grows increasingly
consumed with her other occupation
one thats perfect for someone more
comfortable with ambition than propriety. Shes a girlfriend experience call
girl. That means her purview expands
beyond sex. Shell join clients for dinner, a drink or a tropical vacation. Over
repeated meetings she builds with them
a shared history of intimacy, or a simulacrum close enough to be satisfying.
Christine, who goes by Chelsea
when shes working, takes easily to the
particular demands of her job. Shes
often shown being bufed, polished
and waxed by various aestheticians as
she sits, reactionless. Shes unmoved
by the trappings of money (which, in
keeping with our awareness of how the
wealth gap has grown since 2009, are
rendered here as either garish or grimly
exhausting). Her mind races with ways
to build her business, get ahead at her
prestigious legal internship and evade
the pitfalls that keep opening up. She
must irst ensure that her profered
girlfriend experiences dont come to be
perceived as girlfriend realities. Later,

QUICK TALK

Riley Keough

ON MY
RADAR
AS YOU ARE

I saw this
cool little
filmby Miles
Joris-Peyrafitte
at Sundance,
about three
teenagers, told
through a police
investigation.
Hell be big.

The granddaughter of Elvis Presley has

appeared in Magic Mike and Mad Max:
Fury Road. Now shes starring as a law
student by day, call girl by night, in
Starzs The Girlfriend Experience.
Why did you decide to take this role?
I worked with Steven Soderbergh on
Magic Mike, and he had me in mind for
this role. Hes a genius, so I dont question him. I knew if he was producing the
show it was going to be about something more profound than just sex. Its
also hard as a woman to ind characters
who are diicult or unapologetic or
have diferent morals, like Christine.
Why? People are afraid to show women
with demons. But I think its important
for women to see lawed female characters. Were held to a perfect standard,
but every woman is lawed. And there
are women who like sex and dont
care. Whether its this show or an Amy
Schumer sketch, Im interested in opening up the range of women on TV.
The show strives not to judge
Christine. Shes not a victim. Itll
push peoples buttons because she
comes from a great background,
so why would she choose this?
People are judgmental about sex,
but everyone has their own moral
code. Unless youre hurting people,
who are we to say whats right? It
challenges our assumptions.
What was it like working with
both a female director, Amy
Seimetz, and a male director, Lodge Kerrigan, on a
show that deals with gender
dynamics? Steven did that to
get both perspectives. I wish we
could do that with every show and ilm.
You met with feminist Eve Ensler on
the set of Mad Max to talk about a
very diferent side of the sex trade.
My character was a sex slave. Eve had us
do exercises that she does with survivors, and we were all in tears by the end.
It gave us the anger we needed for the
role but also made us feel empowered as
women. ELIANA DOCKTERMAN

Delaney and Horgan: new parents, old ights

REVIEW

Across the pond, a

Catastrophe is born
THE FIRST SEASON OF CATASTROPHE PRESENTED
an intriguing premise: A one-night stand on vacation results in both a pregnancy and a transatlantic
relocation. Rob (Rob Delaney), a robustly built
avatar of average American maledom, is forced to
negotiate his new life as a prospective dad in London with Irish-born baby mama Sharon (Sharon
Horgan). It made for a satisfying culture clash.
The new season, which aired last year in the
U.K. and is available April 8 on Amazon, moves
the story forward. We open on Rob and Sharon,
expecting a second child, arguing in bed before
graphically making up. Their coupling is toxically
but entertainingly fueled by this sense that every
story the couple can tell must be a melodrama.
As the season goes on, minor-key notes emerge.
Between Robs ever shifting emotions and Sharons
distance from her feelings, the pair bring painful diferences to bear on the relationship. But
the engine of Catastrophes humor is the way this
serendipitous couple igure out how to live together through sheer aggression: they never speak
rationally when force of wit (in the form of banter
or a screaming match) is an option.
If that sounds like too painful a commitment,
fret not: like so many British sitcoms, Catastrophe
airs tiny seasons, only six episodes apiece. Its less
a binge than a good meal, and further proof that
our special relationship with the U.K. hardly
means we agree on everything. D.D.
53

HISTORIES

TRAGEDIES

putation
re

Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country referenced it (1 9 9 1)

Said to have introduced the name Jessica
Ruth Bader Ginsburg will preside over a mock trial of
Shylock, to accompany a performance (2 0 1 6)

Anne Tyler will adapt it as Vinegar

Girl (2 0 1 6) 10 Things I Hate About
You took it to teens (1 9 9 9)

Henry VI, Parts I-III

Henry IV, Parts I-II

The Merchant of Venice

King John

A Midsummer
Nights Dream

Romeo and Juliet

Richard II

Loves Labours Lost

The Comedy of Errors

Richard III

Inspired a Shakespeare fan to introduce starlings to New York

there are now 200 million in North America
Orson Welles adapted it in Chimes at Midnight (1 9 6 5 )
Gus Van Sant took inspiration for My Own Private Idaho (1 9 9 1)
(1 8 9 0) ;

Selena covered the song

A Boy Like That (1 9 9 6)
Lin-Manuel Mirandas In the
Sergey Prokoiev adapted it
Heights was inluenced by it (2 0 0 8)
as a ballet (1 9 3 5 ) Leonardo
DiCaprio and Claire Danes
... paving the
starred in Baz Luhrmanns
way for his own
Romeo + Juliet (1 9 9 6) Dreamy
history play,
vampire Edward Cullen quoted it
Hamilton (2 0 1 5 )
in New Moon (2 0 0 9)

(1 9 57 )

West Side Story set

it in New York City

... which was spoofed on Blackadder (1 9 8 3)

y kingdo
M

(1 9 8 1)

. . . as
seen in the
documentary
Kiss Me,
Petruchio

Adidas sold
shoes with the
song Too Darn
Hot (2 0 0 3)

SPOOF OR
PARODY

BOOK OR
POEM

John Steinbeck used it to title his The Winter of Our

Discontent (1 9 6 1) Robin Hood: Men in Tights quoted its
dialogue (1 9 9 3) Laurence Olivier made it into a movie (1 9 5 5 )

Meryl Streep played Katherine in

Shakespeare in the Park (1 97 8)

Titus Andronicus

FILM
OR TV

MUSIC
OR DANCE

The Taming of the Shrew

Cole Porter made it sing

in Kiss Me, Kate (1 9 4 8)

REAL
LIFE

PLAY OR
MUSICAL

KEY

for a hor

Cited as the source of the phrase puppy dog

Felix Mendelssohn wrote an overture and incidental music for

it (1 8 2 6 , 1 8 4 3) Neil Gaiman featured it in his comic The Sandman
(1 9 9 0)
Henry Purcell loosely adapted it as The Fairy Queen (1 6 9 2)
The Beatles spoofed it in a Pyramus and Thisbe skit (1 9 6 4) Three of
Uranus moons, Oberon, Titania and Puck, got their names from it

Thomas Mann referenced it in Doctor Faustus (1 9 47 )

A Doctor Who episode featured a performance (2 0 07 )

The Boys From Syracuse brought it to Broadway (1 9 3 8)

The Bomb-itty of Errors made it hip-hop (2 0 0 0)

Julie Taymor turned it into

Titus (1 9 9 9) Punk band Titus
Andronicus took its name (2 0 0 5 )

Stage and screen viewers

saw it as The Wars of the
Roses (1 9 6 3 , 1 9 6 5 )

The Two Gentlemen

of Verona

William Shakespeare began writing plays by 1592. They appeared roughly in this order

Benjamin Victor adapted it as Two Gentlemen of Verona (176 2)

Franz Schubert composed music for a song in it (1 8 2 6)

* WELL, SORT OF: SCHOLARS CONSIDER

SOME OF THESE PROBLEM PLAYS THAT
DONT FIT NEATLY INTO GENRES

COMEDIES

On the anniversary of Shakespeares

death, we measure (for measure)
97 times his plays inspired us
By Sarah Begley and Merrill Fabry

Wills testament,
400 years on

TimeOf Books

se

otl
Sp ess

Green Day said

Good Riddance (Time
of Your Life) (1 9 97 )

The phrase good

riddance supposedly
got its start here

W. Somerset Maugham borrowed a line for his title Cakes and

Ale (1 9 3 0) Dame Judi Dench (as Elizabeth I) commissions it in
Shakespeare in Love (1 9 9 8) Shes the Man used its plot (2 0 0 6)

Laurence Olivier made it his irst Shakespearean movie role

(1 9 3 6)
Salvador Dal designed costumes for
a theatrical production (1 9 4 8)

Ted Cruz and his colleagues read the St.

Crispins Day speech while working on George
W. Bushs election case (2 0 0 0)

Stephen E. Ambrose got a

title for Band of Brothers (1 9 9 2)

Giuseppe
Verdi adapted it
as Otello (1 8 8 7 )

S C H U B E R T, S T R E E P, M I R A N D A , A L D R I D G E , G I N S B U R G : G E T T Y I M A G E S; E V E R E T T: (10)

The Two Noble Kinsmen

Henry VIII

The Tempest

Cymbeline

The Winters Tale

Coriolanus

Pericles

Alls Well that

Ends Well

worlds
he

. . . and Woody Allen, in

Love and Death (1 975 )

(1 9 1 5 )

... and as the title

of Loretta Lynns new
album (2 0 1 6)

...which was parodied in the

Monty Pythons Flying Circus
sketch Sam Peckinpahs
Salad Days (1 972)

G R A P H I C B Y H E AT H E R J O N E S F O R T I M E ; S O U R C E F O R C H R O N O L O G Y O F W O R K S :
THE OXFORD SHAKESPE ARE: THE COMPLE TE WORKS

Aldous Huxley quoted it in the title of Brave New World (1 9 3 2)

Often seen as a precursor to Fred M. Wilcoxs Forbidden Planet
(1 9 5 6)
Aim Csaire reimagined it in his postcolonial play,
Une Tempte (1 9 6 9) IKEA quoted itWe are such stuff
as dreams are made on ...to sell beds (2 0 1 4)

Virginia Woolf referenced it in Mrs. Dalloway (1 9 2 5 )

George Bernard Shaw adapted it as Cymbeline
Refinished (1 9 37 )

Orange Is the New Blacks Crazy Eyes delivered

an epic monologue from it (2 0 1 3)

Jane Austen used the name Bertram for her hero

in Mansfield Park (1 8 1 4)

Julian Slade and

Dorothy Reynolds used
the phrase to title
Salad Days (1 9 5 4)

Akira Kurosawa adapted it as Ran (1 9 8 5 )

Sarah Bernhardt played Cordelia at the Odon (1 8 6 8)

The phrase
full circle
shows up here

Vladimir Nabokov referenced it in the title of Pale Fire (1 9 6 2)

Alexander Pushkin found inspiration for Angelo (1 8 3 3)

As did Richard Wagner for Das Liebesverbot (1 8 3 6)

Disney alluded to it with the plot of The Lion King (1 9 9 4)

David Foster Wallace used it to title Infinite Jest (1 9 9 6)
Gillian Flynn has announced plans to adapt it ( B Y 2 0 2 1)

... which Bob Dylan referenced

in Desolation Row (1 9 6 5 )

... and the

tear-jerker of a
movie version
too (2 0 1 4)

T.S. Eliot referenced

it in The Love Song
of J. Alfred Prufrock

The Dogs of War got a title from

its dialogue (1 9 8 0) ... as did The
Ides of March (2 0 1 1) ... and John
Greens The Fault in Our Stars (2 0 1 2)

Giuseppe Verdi adapted it in Falstaff (1 8 9 3)

Salad

He died on April 23, 1616, at the age of 52

Sir William Davenant adapted it as The Rivals (1 6 6 4)

It gets credit for

the phrase for
goodness sake

. . . which is sung every

December in Santa Claus Is
Coming to Town (1 9 3 4)

Jeanette Winterson adapted it as The Gap of Time (2 0 1 5 )

J.K. Rowling found a

name for Hermione in
Harry Potter (1 9 97 )

ar

.. . which led to
a spike in children
named Hermione

ed by a be
su

Antony and Cleopatra

Macbeth

King Lear

Timon of Athens

Othello

Measure for Measure

Troilus and Cressida

Twelfth Night

Hamlet

As You Like It

Julius Caesar

Henry V

Much Ado About Nothing

The Merry Wives

of Windsor

days

E.K. Johnston used that stage

direction for the new YA novel
Exit, Pursued by a Bear (2 0 1 6)

Probable co-writer George Wilkins also

wrote a prose version (1 6 0 8)

William Faulkner sourced a title from it: The Sound and the Fury (1 9 2 9)
Ray Bradbury did too, in Something Wicked This Way Comes (1 9 6 2)
Winston Churchill quoted it (They might easily be induced to throw
in their lot with us and make assurance double sure ) (1 9 3 8)
The creators of House of Cards took inspiration from it (1 9 9 0 , 2 0 1 3)

.. . which Franco
Zefirelli further
adapted (1 9 8 6)

Ira Aldridge is thought to have been the irst black actor to play
Othello (1 8 3 3) Disney used it as the source of a name
for the parrot Iago in Aladdin (1 9 9 2) Toni Morrison
adapted it as Desdemona (2 0 1 1)

t
s a s age
ld

. . . which became the

HBO miniseries Band of
Brothers (2 0 0 1)

Hector Berlioz adapted it as Batrice et Bndict (1 8 6 2) Karl Marx quoted

it in Capital (1 8 6 7 ) The Simpsons spoofed it, with the bakery Much Ado About
Mufins! (1 9 97 ) Mumford & Sons named an album Sigh No More (2 0 0 9)

the wo
r

ll
A

oy
ine ster

Exit, pur

TimeOf Appreciation

The charm
and power of
Patty Duke
By Stephanie Zacharek

A B C/ P H O T O F E S T

IN THE EARLY 1960S, THE IDEA OF ONE

actress playing identical cousinsas
Patty Duke did in The Patty Duke Show,
which ran from 1963 to 1966was a novelty any way you looked at it. Patty, the
supremely American teenager who, as
the shows theme song told us, has only
seen the sights a girl can see from Brooklyn Heights, was the spice to the sugar of
her more reined Scottish cousin Cathy.
Cathy would tackle her homework with
soldier-like eiciency; Patty would pout
before slogging through it. These were
highly stylized and occasionally ridiculous characters, largely images of what
we wanted to believe teenage life was
like. But even between the spaces on the
laugh track, Duke managed to capture
some of the dualized anxiety of being a
real-life teenager. She was two girls in
one, and you couldnt help liking both
even if Patty, the kid who preferred the
hippy-hippy-shake of rock n roll to the
hauteur of the Ballets Russes, was the
one you really warmed to.
AS IT TURNED OUT, Patty, whose real
name was Anna Marie Duke and who
died at age 69 on March 29, was sufering from bipolar disorder in the years she
was working on the show, though the illness wouldnt be diagnosed for nearly 20
years. She was also, as she revealed in her
1987 memoir, Call Me Anna, the victim
of ruthless managers who controlled her
with drugs and bilked her out of earnings shed worked hard for. Before we
began using the word survivor as a catchall noun for anyone whod conquered a
hangnail, Duke really was one. She built
a steady career in ilm (she played Neely,
the good kid gone wrong, in the 1967 Valley of the Dolls) and won three Emmys for
her work in television. She was also, from
1985 to 1988, the president of the Screen
Actors Guild.
But Duke was most famous, and
rightly so, for her role as Helen Keller
in Arthur Penns 1962 ilm, The
Miracle Worker, one of the greatest
performances ever given by a child

Duke, circa 1964, playing one

of two identical cousins
actor. Duke, 15 at the time, had played
the role on Broadway, opposite Anne
Bancroft as Annie Sullivan, who also
reprised that role in the ilm. Both
won Academy Awards, and both are
astonishing, but Duke is the one more
likely to haunt your sleep. In the early
scenes, Helen is closed of from the
world, and Duke turns that isolation
into a kind of intimate savagery. When
she lashes out at those around her
sending vases crashing from shelves
or sweeping dishes of the table with
her windmilling armsshes a igure

of feral fury. Her family doesnt know

what to do with her, and we dont
either. The power of the performance
lies in the way Duke plays on our
discomfort, and on our pity. We can feel
Helens scorn for us, a by-product of her
intelligence and frustrated rageand
we get this sense from an actress who
hasnt uttered a single line. Its all there
in Dukes unnervingly closed-of eyes
and in the way her hands, before they
ind their freedom in language, grab at
the air, reaching toward everything and
nothing. Dukes mastery of the actors
alphabet, of all the physical tools that
go along with the verbal and cerebral
ones, was remarkable. And she was
only a kid.

57

TimeOf PopChart

As part of a
photo shoot,
Idris Elba and the
rest of Disneys
Jungle Book cast
posed with the
CGI animals
they voice in the
movie.

Instagram
upped its
video-length
limit from 15
seconds to 60.

Starbucks
announced
that it will start
selling Pumpkin
Spice Latte
flavored K-cups
later this year.

Deadpools global gross

passed $745 million,
making it the biggest
R-rated hit of all time.

TIMES WEEKLY TAKE ON

LOVE IT
LEAVE IT

WHAT POPPED IN CULTURE

A team of Japanese space

scientists lost track of a
$273 million satellite sent to
space to study black holes.

A North Carolina
man was
arrested for not
returning a VHS
copy of Freddy
Got Fingered
that he rented in
2002.

The Atlanta
Braves stadium
is now selling the
Burgerizza, a $26
bacon cheeseburger
sandwiched
between two 8-inch
pepperoni pizzas.

Kristen Bell, who voices

Princess Anna in Frozen,
revealed that her daughters,
ages 1 and 3, are not fans
of the hit movie:

Microsoft had to disable Tay, its artiicial-intelligence

chatbot, after it started tweeting hateful, racist
messages it had learned from pranksters.

58

TIME April 11, 2016

They live to
break down
my selfesteem.

A British woman
accidentally mailed her
cat across the south coast
of England; the feline,
named Cupcake, had
climbed into a box of DVDs.

By Nolan Feeney, Megan McCluskey and Ashley Ross

O B A M A : I S M A E L F R A N C I S C O C U B A D E B AT E /A P ; I N S TA G R A M ; S TA R B U C K S (2); E L B A : S A R A H D U N N D I S N E Y; J A C K M A N : G E T T Y I M A G E S;
D E A D P O O L , F R E D DY G O T F I N G E R E D : E V E R E T T; C AT: B B C/ YO U T U B E ; B U R G E R I Z Z A : T W I T T E R ; B U OY, B O X : A L A M Y; P R I N C E S S A N N A : P H O T O F E S T; TAY: I N S TA G R A M ; S AT E L L I T E : J A X

A video showed Hugh

Jackman rescuing his
kids from a riptide at a
beach in Sydney.

President Obama did the wave with

Cuban President Ral Castro at the
historic exhibition game between
the Tampa Bay Rays and the Cuban
national baseball team.

Essay The Awesome Column

Insult my lovely wife

at your own riskand
the nations
By Joel Stein

I L L U S T R AT I O N B Y M A R T I N G E E F O R T I M E

NO ONE INSULTS MY WIFE. NOT BECAUSE PEOPLE ARE

afraid of me but because I dont attend biker rallies, eat at that
hot-dog stand in Chicago where they scream at customers or
run for President of the United States. Also because people
are afraid of my wife. So I have no idea of exactly how my wife
would be insulted. Would it be for not being as famous as I am?
As modest as I am? As grammatically correct as I am?
But now I know the two things she might be denigrated
for. Because right before the Utah caucus, an anti-Trump
super PAC called Make America Awesome (which is not ailiated with this column or, I have to believe, America) bought
online ads that implied that Trumps wife was not respectable
enough to represent our country. It printed the caption Meet
Melania Trump. Your next First Lady. Or, you could support
Ted Cruz on Tuesday over a photo from British GQ in which
Melania Trump lay naked on furs, handcufed to a briefcase.
This caused a feminist uproar that, oddly, did not include the
question, What is wrong with British GQ?
Instead of defending his wifes honor, the way an old-school
politician who never entered a professional-wrestling ring and
emasculated another man by publicly shaving his head might,
Trump changed the conversation to be about how a President
should be powerful enough to obtain a hot wife. He retweeted
a particularly unlattering photo of Heidi Cruz side by side
with a glamorous photo of Melania with the line The images
are worth a thousand words. In case it is unclear, those 1,000
words are Your wife is ugly, repeated 250 times.
THIS ELECTION is forcing us to consider core issues weve
avoided for decades by hiding behind policy discussions. Such
as: Do men get angrier when their wives are called skanky or
ugly? This, I truly believe, is the center of the new culture war.
Are we going to be mack daddies who brag about our hot trophy wives, our money, our genitals, our tribe, our tee shot and
the amount of marble we use when designing luxury hotels?
Or will we be repressed, easily victimized global elites with uptight wives? Which type of misogynists will Americans choose
to be: objectiiers or slut shamers?
As a male feminist who has been guilty of misogynyfor
example, by serving as a preliminary judge in 2001 at Trumps
Miss USA pageant (before you judge, Hillary Clinton went to
his wedding, which didnt even ofer the opportunity to sit next
to Eddie and JoBo, Chicagos Bumpin B96 morning team)I
wanted to ind out whether it is more ofensive to get upset if
your wife is called skanky or ugly. So I asked some feminists.
Rebecca Traister, whose book Big Girls Dont Cry explored the

2008 elections impact on women, answered, This signals such a retrograde system of human evaluation that
I cant, and dont want to, begin to examine the gradations therein. Kjerstin Gruys, a postdoctoral scholar
in sociology at Stanford who studies the relationship
between physical appearance and social inequality, wouldnt engage either. Theyre comparing their
toys, she said. And whenever men talk about women
as toys, its misogyny. These arent diferent types of
misogyny. I think shed have a diferent attitude if she
spent two days with Eddie and JoBo comparing Miss
Texas and Miss Alabama.
GRUYS SAID that since this was about male insecurity,
I should call David Frederick, an assistant psychology
professor at Chapman University who focuses on sexuality and body image. He said that mate launting is a
common trait of narcissists, and since narcissism is increasing in American society, Trump is probably making the right populist call. Frederick also ran an unoficial TIME/Chapman poll, which showed that 65% of
people would be angrier if someone posted a picture
of their wife and implied she was unattractive, vs. 34%
who would be more upset if a photo was put online implying she was not classy. And this poll was done on
Easter. If it were done on Halloween, the sexy-photoanger percentage would have been in the negatives.
Trump is operating in a postMadonna/whore
complex, which I propose calling a Kardashian/whore
simplex. Politicians rule by dominance and prestige,
and chastity no longer has prestige. I think there are
subgroups of evangelicals where it doesplaces where
they have purity balls, Frederick says. Purity balls is
a phrase I would not be surprised to hear Trump employ against Cruz.
When I asked my lovely wife Cassandra which
she thought shed be insulted for, she feared it would
be ugly, which she said would be more painful. I too
would rather it be skanky. Trump understands how
America really works. Thats probably how he scored
such a hot wife.

59

10 Questions

Hope Jahren
The triple-Fulbright-winning
geobiologist and author of a
new memoir, Lab Girl, talks
STEM sexism, manicures
and mental health
You study plants for a living.
Doyou have a lot of them at home?
Absolutely not. My mom always
said, Im not going to nurse any old
houseplant. If it wants to make it in the
world, its got to do it on its own. I like
weeds and hardy plants. I dont have a
spiritual talk-to-the-plants thing.
In what ways are plants like people?
Theyre also on Planet Earth? Thats
it. I like plants because they can do
things we cant. They can stand out in
the rain and cold, which would make us
miserable or kill us, but they adapt.
Do you worry about climate change?
We have, what, 7 billion people on the
planet? As an environmental scientist,
I think our irst need is to feed, shelter
and nurture. That has always required
the exploitation of plant life, and it
always will. You can imagine how this
plays, but its not a choice between decimation and preservation. The answer
lies in the uncomfortable middle.
Your recent New York Times op-ed
about rampant sexual harassment in
science caused quite a stir. Why write
it now? There are things that all scientists know are the reality in science, and
it was driving me absolutely crazy not to
say something. I have learned that nothing gets readers so ired up as saying
something everyone knows is true. My
next piece will be called Water Is Wet.
Is discrimination or harassment
something you still experience?
Oh, yeah. But its not special to science.
These are expressions of culturally
learned power imbalances. We have
subscribed to the fantasy that science is
or should be free of that.

60

TIME April 11, 2016

get out of science has very little to do

with the professional limits placed on
me because Im a woman. All these
instances of discriminationits not
that they dont matter, but its that
when I think about my career, theyre
not close to my heart. Instead, I go to
great lengths to describe in real detail
the people who do matter.
Is it hard for you to expose sexism in
a ield you love so much? My challenge
is to show that there are these problems,
while ferociously defending all that is
beautiful and noble about doing science
with your hands. My story is not tragic.
I have been generously rewarded for
everything Ive ever tried to do. Im
actually a happy ending.

PLANTBASED
MATTER
Jahren weaves
fascinating details
about plant
life into deeply
personal stories
about her life

Can you tell me about the time you

hijacked Seventeens #ManicureMonday on Twitter? People tweet
their nails! I had no idea people tweeted
their nails. So I poke my head up to say,
All these hands are capable of doing all
kinds of things, and I tweet my unmanicured hands holding a vial in my lab with
#ManicureMonday and #Science. It sort
of took of after that. But I wasnt saying,
Hey, look at my important hands. I was
saying, Those are pretty, but I would personally rather have mine covered in mud.
Do you have a lot of trolls online?
I get hate mail, rape stuf. Its one of
the struggles of our age, and I try to be
philosophical about it, but I also want to
be truthful about the harm.
You write for the irst time about
episodes of mania and bipolar disorder. Was that scary? I cried when
I wrote it, but it wasnt scary. You know,
we dont need another book that just
sort of talks about things. I wanted to
get through that its a real physiological
illness. And even if its caused by chemicals in my brain, it doesnt change just
how real the experiences were for me.
SIOBHAN OCONNOR

M AT T C H I N G

Why didnt you write much about

that in your book? Because what I

The author runs the Jahren Lab at the University of Hawaii at Manoa

2nd-largest
auto insurer

97% customer
satisfaction

24/7 licensed
agents

Helping people
since 1936
The other guy.

The choice is yours, and its simple.

Why enjoy just one cookie when theres a whole stack in front of you?
b
The same goes for car insurance. Why go with a company that offers just a low price when GEICO could
save you hundreds and give you so much more? You could enjoy satisfying professional service, 24/7, from
a company thats made it their business to help people since 1936. This winning combination has helped
GEICO to become the 2nd-largest private passenger auto insurer in the nation.

Make the smart choice. Get your free quote from GEICO today.

JHLFRFRP_$872_/RFDO2IFH

Some discounts, coverages, payment plans and features are not available in all states or all GEICO companies. Customer satisfaction based on an independent study conducted by Alan Newman Research, 2015.
GEICO is the second-largest private passenger auto insurer in the United States according to the 2014 A.M. Best market share report, published April 2015. GEICO is a registered service mark of Government
Employees Insurance Company, Washington, D.C. 20076; a Berkshire Hathaway Inc. subsidiary. 2016 GEICO

WHATS NEXT
With available technology like Toyota Safety Sense P1 and Intelligent
Clearance Sonar,2 the 2016 Prius is designed to help keep you safe in
an unpredictable world. Intelligent technology is whats next.
toyota.com/prius
Prototype shown with options. Production model may vary. 1Drivers should always be responsible for their own safe driving. Please always pay attention to your surroundings and drive safely.
Depending on the conditions of roads, vehicles, weather, etc., the system(s) may not work as intended. Please see your Owners Manual for further details. 2Intelligent Clearance Sonar (ICS)
is designed to assist drivers in avoiding potential collisions at speeds of 9 mph or less. Certain vehicle and environmental conditions, including an objects shape and composition, may affect
the ability of the ICS to detect it. Always look around outside the vehicle and use mirrors to confirm clearance. See Owners Manual for details. 2015 Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc.