Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 191 views

    Perpetual Calendar: Jaime J. Gutiérrez

    Uploaded by

    Jaime Gutiérrez
    A chart or mechanical device that indicates the day of the week, in the Gregoriam system, corresponding to any given date.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Perpetual Calendar: Jaime J. Gutiérrez

    Uploaded by

    Jaime Gutiérrez
    191 views18 pages
    A chart or mechanical device that indicates the day of the week, in the Gregoriam system, corresponding to any given date.

    Original Title

    Perpetual Calendar

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    A chart or mechanical device that indicates the day of the week, in the Gregoriam system, corresponding to any given date.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    191 views18 pages

    Perpetual Calendar: Jaime J. Gutiérrez

    Uploaded by

    Jaime Gutiérrez
    A chart or mechanical device that indicates the day of the week, in the Gregoriam system, corresponding to any given date.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 18

    Perpetual Calendar

    Perpetual Calendar

    Jaime J. Gutiérrez

    Coloquios matemáticos
    Departamento de Matemática

    2 de mayo de 2010
    Perpetual Calendar
    Perpetual calendar?

    Perpetual calendar
    A chart or mechanical device that indicates the day of the week,
    in the Gregoriam system, corresponding to any given date.
    Perpetual Calendar
    The Gregorian Calendar

    The Gregorian Calendar


    The Gregoriano calendar began in 1852.
    The very first was 1600.
    It was provided that years divisible by 100 would be leap
    years only if they were divisible by 400 as well
    For example, the years 1600 and 2000 were leap years,
    but 1700, 1800 and 1900 were not.
    Perpetual Calendar
    The Gregorian Calendar

    The Gregorian Calendar


    The Gregoriano calendar began in 1852.
    The very first was 1600.
    It was provided that years divisible by 100 would be leap
    years only if they were divisible by 400 as well
    For example, the years 1600 and 2000 were leap years,
    but 1700, 1800 and 1900 were not.
    Perpetual Calendar
    The Gregorian Calendar

    The Gregorian Calendar


    The Gregoriano calendar began in 1852.
    The very first was 1600.
    It was provided that years divisible by 100 would be leap
    years only if they were divisible by 400 as well
    For example, the years 1600 and 2000 were leap years,
    but 1700, 1800 and 1900 were not.
    Perpetual Calendar
    The Gregorian Calendar

    The Gregorian Calendar


    The Gregoriano calendar began in 1852.
    The very first was 1600.
    It was provided that years divisible by 100 would be leap
    years only if they were divisible by 400 as well
    For example, the years 1600 and 2000 were leap years,
    but 1700, 1800 and 1900 were not.
    Perpetual Calendar
    Numerical correspondence

    Numerical correspondence or the days of the week.


    For the days of the week:

    Sunday = 0
    Monday = 1
    Tuesday = 2
    Wednesday = 3
    Thursday = 4
    Friday = 5
    Saturday = 6
    Perpetual Calendar
    Numerical correspondence

    Numerical correspondence for the months.

    Januar = 11 July = 5
    February = 12 August = 6
    March = 1 September = 7
    April = 2 October = 8
    May = 3 November = 9
    June = 4 December = 10
    Perpetual Calendar
    Searching the formula

    The first step


    Assume that 1st March 1600 corresponds the number a0 .
    Since 365 ≡ 1(mod 7), 1st March of the year 1660 + t
    corresponds the number at , given by:
          
    t t t
    at ≡ a0 + t + − + mod 7
    4 100 400

    1st March 2001 was a Thursday, so for t = 401, we have


    at = a401 = 4. From the congruence

    4 ≡ a0 + 401 + 100 − 4 + 1(mod 7),

    we obtain a0 = 3. 1st March 1600 was a Wednesday.


    Perpetual Calendar
    Searching the formula

    The first approximation


    Till now, we have that the corresponding number to 1st 1600 + t
    can be calculated by using:
          
    t t t
    at ≡ 3 + t + − + mod 7
    4 100 400

    Write out the year in the form 100c + d, con d < 100, we have
    t = 100(c − 16) + d and the formula can be rewritten as:
       j k
    d c
    at ≡ 3 + 5c + d + + mod 7
    4 4
    Perpetual Calendar
    Searching the formula

    On step more.
    We can calculate the corresponding numbers for the first days
    of every month of the year t using the following relations:

    (1 April)t ≡ (1 March)t + 3(mod 7)


    (1 May)t ≡ (1 April)t + 2 ≡ (1 March)t + 5(mod 7)
    (1 June)t ≡ (1 May)t + 3 ≡ (1 March)t + 1(mod 7)
    (1 July)t ≡ (1 June)t + 2 ≡ (1 March)t + 3(mod 7)
    (1 Augustt ≡ (1 July)t + 3 ≡ (1 March)t + 6(mod 7)
    (1 September)t ≡ (1 August)t + 3 ≡ (1 March)t + 2(mod 7)
    (1 October)t ≡ (1 September)t + 2 ≡ (1 March)t + 4(mod 7)
    (1 November)t ≡ (1 October)t + 3 ≡ (1 March)t + 0(mod 7)
    (1 Decemmber)t ≡ (1 November)t + 2 ≡ (1 March)t + 2(mod 7)
    (1 Januar)t ≡ (1 December)t + 3 ≡ (1 March)t + 5(mod 7)
    (1 February)t ≡ (1 Januar)t + 3 ≡ (1 March)t + 1(mod 7)
    Perpetual Calendar
    Searching the formula

    We come already almost.


    We can calculate the corresponding day of the way to the date
    nth day of the month m of the year 100c + d appliying
       j k
    d c
    (n, m)100c+d ≡ n + rm + 5c + d + + mod 7
    4 4

    For rm we have the correspondence:


    m 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
    rm 2 5 0 3 5 1 4 6 2 4 0 3
     
    13m − 1
    rm =
    5
    Perpetual Calendar
    The formula

    The formula

         j k
    13m − 1 d c
    (n, m)100c+d ≡ n + 5c + d + + + mod 7
    5 4 4

    As examples, we apply the formula to important days of


    Panama’s history. ¿Sabe usted que día tuvo lugar la
    separación de Panamá de Colombia?
    Aquí n = 3, m = 9, d = 3, n = 19 y
         
    13 × 9 − 1 3 19
    3 + 5 × 19 + 3 + + + ≡ 2 mod 7
    5 4 4

    ¡El 3 de noviembre de 1903 fue martes!


    Perpetual Calendar
    The formula

    The formula

         j k
    13m − 1 d c
    (n, m)100c+d ≡ n + 5c + d + + + mod 7
    5 4 4

    As examples, we apply the formula to important days of


    Panama’s history. ¿Sabe usted que día tuvo lugar la
    separación de Panamá de Colombia?
    Aquí n = 3, m = 9, d = 3, n = 19 y
         
    13 × 9 − 1 3 19
    3 + 5 × 19 + 3 + + + ≡ 2 mod 7
    5 4 4

    ¡El 3 de noviembre de 1903 fue martes!


    Perpetual Calendar
    The formula

    The formula

         j k
    13m − 1 d c
    (n, m)100c+d ≡ n + 5c + d + + + mod 7
    5 4 4

    As examples, we apply the formula to important days of


    Panama’s history. ¿Sabe usted que día tuvo lugar la
    separación de Panamá de Colombia?
    Aquí n = 3, m = 9, d = 3, n = 19 y
         
    13 × 9 − 1 3 19
    3 + 5 × 19 + 3 + + + ≡ 2 mod 7
    5 4 4

    ¡El 3 de noviembre de 1903 fue martes!


    Perpetual Calendar
    The formula

    The formula

         j k
    13m − 1 d c
    (n, m)100c+d ≡ n + 5c + d + + + mod 7
    5 4 4

    As examples, we apply the formula to important days of


    Panama’s history. ¿Sabe usted que día tuvo lugar la
    separación de Panamá de Colombia?
    Aquí n = 3, m = 9, d = 3, n = 19 y
         
    13 × 9 − 1 3 19
    3 + 5 × 19 + 3 + + + ≡ 2 mod 7
    5 4 4

    ¡El 3 de noviembre de 1903 fue martes!


    Perpetual Calendar
    The formula

    The formula

         j k
    13m − 1 d c
    (n, m)100c+d ≡ n + 5c + d + + + mod 7
    5 4 4

    As examples, we apply the formula to important days of


    Panama’s history. ¿Sabe usted que día tuvo lugar la
    separación de Panamá de Colombia?
    Aquí n = 3, m = 9, d = 3, n = 19 y
         
    13 × 9 − 1 3 19
    3 + 5 × 19 + 3 + + + ≡ 2 mod 7
    5 4 4

    ¡El 3 de noviembre de 1903 fue martes!


    Perpetual Calendar
    Important dates in the panamanian History.

    Fechas importante
    Separación de la Gran Colombia 3 de noviembre de 1903 martes
    Independencia de España 28 de noviembre de 1821 miércoles
    Gesta de los mártires 9 de enero de 1964 jueves
    Llegada a la Luna 20 de julio de 1969 domingo
    Fundación de la Universidad de Panamá 7 de octubre 1935 lunes

    You might also like